Download - Small finds processing. The pottery
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Summer Practical Course on
ROMAN POTTERY
BULGARIA2017
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PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
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Terra Sigillata / SAMIA VASA
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• samia vasa (Latin) - Pliny the Elder’s Historia Naturalis (XXXV 12 (46), 160) provides us with evidence of the wars which were considered fashionable around the middle of the first century A.D.
• verb samiare (Latin) – “to polish”• The wares made in the Gaulish factories
are often referred to by English-speaking archaeologists as samian ware.
SAMIA VASA
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• terra sigillata – astringent clay from
Lemnos or Samos, formerly used as
a medicine.
• sigillum - embossed figure, relief.
• terra sigillata – clay bearing little
images.
TERRA SIGILLATA
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Eastern Sigillata A
Arratine
Southern Gaulish
Eastern Sigillata B (early period)
Eastern Sigillata B (late period)
Eastern Sigillata C (Çandarli )
African Red Slip Ware – ARS A
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Eastern Sigillata
EASTERN SIGILLATA - late hellenistic to early Roman red-slipped tableware
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Eastern Sigillata A (ESA) – Northern Syria, Antioch, Samaria.
Eastern Sigillata B (ESB) - western Asia Minor (near Tralles)
Eastern Sigillata C (ESC) - Pergamon , Çandarli
Eastern Sigillata A (ESA) – about 150 BC – 100 AD.
Eastern Sigillata B (ESB) – 10 BC – 150 AD
Eastern Sigillata C (ESC) – 150 BC – 100 AD
First production of Red Gloss ware
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Terra Sigillata Italica
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Main production centers in Italy
Arezzo
Terra Sigillata Arretina
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Plain Terra Sigillata Italica
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Relief Terra Sigillata Italica
A decorated Arretine vase found at Neuss, GermanySource: Wikipedia
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Relief Terra Sigillata Italica is made in moulds
Mould for an Arretine , manufactured in the workshop of P. CorneliusSource: Wikipedia
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The Arretine potters regularly stamped their names on their products in self-advertisement – a practice previously only sporadically employed.
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These are usually quadrangular in form, though other shapes are found, and are impressed in the midst of the design on the ornamented vases, or on plain wares on the bottom of the interior.
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The number of potters’ names is very large
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SOUTH GAULISH TERRA SIGILLATA
South Gaulish, late 1st century ADSource: Wikipedia
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Main Production centers in Gaul
South Gaulish
Central Gaulish
East Gaulish
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The main production center in Sout Gaulia is studied in La Graufesenque (nr Millau,
Aveyron/FR)
La Graufesenque
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New varieties of relief ware
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Appliqué decoration
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Marbled decoration (Gloss which imitate marble)
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EARLY ROMAN THIN-WALLED WARES
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EARLY ROMAN THIN-WALLED WARES
• Extreme thinness of the walls
• Produced in Italy starting from the late
Republican period.
• Widely exported into the first century
AD.
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“Roweling” decoration
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Decorations à la barbotine
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Pine cone flakes decoration
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Sandblasting
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Bladk slipp
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"Human face" vessels
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AFRICAN RED SLIP WARE (ARS)
Produced in North African Regions
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Sigillata Africana A – ARS A80s of the 1st c. AD - first quarter of the 3rd c. AD
Sigillata Africana A/D- ARS A/DAntonine-Severan age
Sigillata Africana C – ARS C3rd -5th c. AD
Sigillata Africana D- ARS D4th-7th c. AD
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Provincial Roman PotteryProvince of Moesia
MOESIA SUPERIORUpper Moesia
(Serbia, Bulgaria)
MOESIA INFFERIORLower Moesia
(Bulgaria)
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Imitation of Relief Terra Sigillata
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Imitations covered with black slip
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Imitation of terra sigillata plates
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Imitation of terra sigillata with decoration “à la barbotine”
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Imitations of Thin walled pottery
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Imitation of potters’ stamps
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• No potters’ names.
• Mainly imitations of "planta pedis".
• Decorative functions.
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Imitations of terra sigillata with Appliqué decoration
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"Sandy" wares made in different colors
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Lead-glazed Ware
Jug with spots of glaze. In the process of production the jug is been in touch with glazed wares.
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Lead-glazed jug with zoomorphic form
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Coarse ware
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SHAPES / TYPOLOGICAL SCHEMES
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POCULA - Cups
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CATINI, CATILLI, MAGIDES, LANCES - Dishes
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ACETABULA, PAROPSIDES - Bowls
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OLLAE - Jars
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URCEUS, URCEOLUS - Pitchers
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OPERCULUM, OPERCULA - Lids
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Hans Dragendorff. Terra sigillata. Ein Beitrag zur Gescl1icl1te der griechiscl1en und romiscl1en Keramik. Bonn, 1890.
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Conspectus Formarum Terrae Sigillatae Italico Modo Confectae Materialien zur römisch-germanischen Keramik 10. Frankfurt am Main, 1990.
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Sigfried Loeschke. Sigillata-Töpferein in Tschandarli. Athenische Mitteilungen 37, 1912.
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John Hayes. Late Roman Pottery. Rome, 1972
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ANALISIS OF
POTTERY
Stratigraphic position (in years)
Quantity according to stratigraphic
layers
Main types in different periods
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Methodology
Carefully revealing pottery shards.
Documenting the context.
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Methodology
Documenting the context.
1
23
4
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Methodology
Cleaning and sorting pottery.
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Cleaning and
sorting pottery.
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Analytical techniques
Marking and describing the shards.
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Marking and describing the shards.
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Typology (Dating and
Classification)Technical drawing. Scientific illustration.
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Typology