Slide 2-1
ASIA/PACIFIC & INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE
2. Cultural Influences
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Slide 2-2
High Context/Low Context
High Context Values formality, face-
saving communication, relationships
Relationships first Nonverbal
communication Time is fluid, flexible
Low Context Values informality,
results, direct communication, fast pace, and punctuality
Relationships interfere with business
Precise agreements Time is money
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Slide 2-3
Social Values
Personal savings rate
Individual versus the group
Relationships
Family loyalty
Saving face
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Slide 2-4
Religions and Beliefs
Religious and ethical beliefs influence personal and family life, business conduct
Major religions Buddhism Confucianism Taoism Hinduism Islam Christianity
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Slide 2-5
Numerology
Forecasting the future by numbers Lucky/Auspicious
2, 5, 3, 6, 7, 8 Double-digits
Unlucky/Inauspicious 4, 13 Single-digits
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Slide 2-6
Feng Shui
Observing geography and topography to predict the future
Achieving balance between the opposing yin and yang Good—south facing
windows, undulating terrain, uncluttered spaces
Bad—sharp corners, glass doors, front and back door aligned
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Slide 2-7
Confucianism
5 basic virtues: seriousness, generosity, sincerity, diligence and kindness
5 principle relationships Strive for harmony and
order, morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, sincerity
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Slide 2-8
Taoism
“The Way”Harmony with natureBehave naturally and
spontaneouslyFollowers should be:
Plain Non-aggressive Accepting of change Content with what one has
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Slide 2-9
Islam
5 pillars of Islam Faith Prayer Fasting Charity Pilgrimage
Legitimate profit = fair return for risks
Illegitimate profit = usury, speculation
Obligations must be met Islamic financing
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Slide 2-10
Shinto
Four Principles Family including ancestors Respect for nature Cleanliness Honor for the spirits
living in harmony with nature and other people
Kami (spirits) can inhabit a place or natural feature
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Slide 2-11
Buddhism
The 8-fold path4 Noble TruthsReligious experience
through meditation and withdrawal
Optimism, respect for life, moderation, love of all mankind
Every person has the potential to attain Nirvana
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Slide 2-12
Hinduism
Reincarnation continues until spiritual perfection achieved
Accumulated good and bad deeds creates karma
Duty, acceptance, patience, respect for all living things, and personal responsibility
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Slide 2-13
Sikhism
Balance work, worship, charity, and defense of the rights of all humans and creatures
Optimism, temperance, tolerance, justice, prudence, and dutifulness
Set a good example in business
All share the name Singh
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