Download - Sidevõrgud IRT 0020 loeng 402. okt. 2005
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Sidevõrgud IRT 0020
loeng 4 02. okt. 2005
Avo Ots
telekommunikatsiooni õppetoolraadio- ja sidetehnika instituut
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Teenus võrgus
ATerminal
ATerminal
B Terminal
B Terminal
APortal
BPortal
TransmissionTransmissionAccessAccess AccessAccess
Session ServiceSession Service
Control ServiceControl Service
A Home ServiceA Home Service B Home ServiceB Home ServiceA User Service Management
A User Service Management
B User ServiceManagement
B User ServiceManagement
TransmissionTransmissionAccess ServiceAccess Service Access ServiceAccess Service
TerminalTerminal TerminalTerminalTelecom basic service/call controlTelecom basic service/call control
Off-line customer managementOff-line customer management
Extended call control and IN chargingExtended call control and IN charging
Linear Service Architecture in Legacy Network: Static Services
Two-Dimension Service Architecture in NGN: Active Services
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TT T
GW
GW
GW
SCN
MCUGK
Piirkonnad ja piirpinnad
TT
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STM 1 155 Mb/s
VCI-100VCI-101
VCI-100VCI-101
VPI-10, 50 Mb/s
VPI-20, 60 Mb/s
Virtuaalsed teed ja kanalid (VPI, VCI)
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Layer Conceptspath
path termination
pathtermination
service (E1, E4..)mapping demapping
service (E1, E4..)mapping demapping
PTE PTE
multiplex section multiplex section
multipl. section termination
ADMor
DCS
regeneratorsection
regen. section termination
regen. sectiontermination
REG REG
PTE = path terminating elementMUX = terminal multiplexerREG = regeneratorADM = add/drop multiplexerDCS = digital cross-connect system
regen.section
regen.section
regeneratorsection
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Physical Layer - I.
Photonic
Path
Multiplex Section
Regen. Section
STM-N
Signal
Light
Pulse
VC and MS Overhead
Payload and Path Overhead
TerminalRegenerator
Optical Conversion
Terminal
Map internal signal and RS OH
into STM-N signal
Map Payload and Path OH into VC
Map VC and MS OH into internal
signal
Services (E1, E2, E3, E4, Video, etc.)
Regen. Section
Physical
Layers
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S T M 1
9 columns 261 columns
270 columns
VC CapacitySectionoverhead(SOH)
1st
2nd
Order of transmission
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125 μsec
9 Rows
Section Overhead
270 x N Columns
9xN Columns
STM-N VC capacity
STM-N frame
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Frame Structures
270 Columns
9 Rows
9 Rows
9 Rows
1,080 Columns
4,320 Columns
STM-1
155.52 Mbit/s
STM-4
STM-16
622.08 Mbit/s
2488.32 Mbit/s
STM-64 9 rows x 17280 columns, 9953.28 Mbit/s
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Line, SPE and Payload Rates– Line rate = SOH + SPE– SPE rate = POH + payload capacity + fixed
stuffing– VC payload capacity rate = line rate - SOH - POH
- fixed stuffing– Transparent bit-stream capacity rate = line rate -
SOH - POH– Example for STM-1 frame line rate:
• 270 columns x 9 rows = 2430 bytes
• 8000 fps x 19440 bits = 155.52 Mbit/s
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Rate Hierarchy
SDH
Level
Line Rate
(Mbit/s)
SPE Rate
(Mbit/s)
Optical
Level
Electrical
Level
STM-1 OC-3 STS-3
STM-4 OC-12 STS-12
STM-16 OC-48 STS-48
STM-64
155.52
622.08
2488.32
9953.28 OC-192 STS-192
STM-256 39813.12
150.336
601.344
9621.504
38486.016 OC-768 STS-768
SONET
2405.376
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AUAUAU
DS1 E1 DS1C DS2TUDS1 E1 DS1C DS2TUDS1 E1 DS1C DS2TU
Mapping Hierarchy - I.
STM-N
STS-1 Frame
STS-1 Frame
STS-1 Frame
STM-1 Frame
AU
DS1 E1 DS2 DS3/E3 E4
SPE-Nc
IP/ATM/Video
DS1 E1 DS1C DS2TU
DS3/E3
DS1 E1 DS1C DS2TU
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Mapping Hierarchy - II.
C-4
C-3
C-2
C-12
C-11
VC-4
VC-3
VC-2
VC-12
VC-11
TU-3
TU-2
TU-12
TU-11
VC-3
STM-N AUG AU-4139 Mbit/sATM
AU-3
TUG-3
44 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s
TUG-26.3 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
1.5 Mbit/s
xN
x3
x1
x7
x7
x4
x3
x1
x3
STM-0
x1
VT-1.5VT-1.5
VT group
VT group
STS-1SPE
STS-1SPESTS-1STS-1
STS-3NSTS-3N
DS3 BULKDS3 BULK
STS-3c BULKSTS-3c BULK
AUG
Aligning
Mapping
xNMultiplexing
x1
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Uni- and Bi-directional
– Only working traffic is shown
– Subnetwork (path) or multiplex section switching for protection
A
CE
BF
D
Uni-directional Ring(1 fiber)
C-A
A-CA
CE
BF
D
Bi-directional Ring(2 fibers)
C-A
A-C
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STM -N Mux
K1K2Read/Sel
K1K2Write
WorkingSTM-N
ProtectSTM-N
STM-N Mux
K1K2Write
K1K2Read/Sel
TributaryChannels
TributaryChannels
MSTE
MSTE
Automatic Protection SwitchingAPS = Automatic
Protection Switching
Allows network to react to failed lines, interfaces, or poor signal quality
Performed over the entire STM-N payload
Uses K1 and K2 bytes of MS Overhead
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Synchronization in Voice Networks
Network Clock
• Asynchronous transport network uses pulse stuffing and is transparent to E1 timing
DS0Switch
CB
E1
M14 M14LT CBLT LT
E4 prop. E4 E1E1 E4 prop. E4 E1
M14 M14
0.000001 ppm
LT
f120ppm
f220ppm
f320ppm
f420ppm
f520ppm
f620ppm
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• Timing distribution is done using embedded E1 facility• Asynchronous transport network is transparent to E1 timing
Synchronization Distribution
Network Clock(Stratum 1)
DS0Switch
CB
E1
M14 M14
20ppm
LT CBLT LT
E4 prop. E4 E1E1 E4 prop. E4 E1
M14 M13
0.000001 ppm
20ppm
LT
Dedicated TimingE1
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• SDH used in point-point configuration• Direct replacement for async transport• SDH terminals free-run at 20ppm. Not network synchronized. No pointer adjustments so no issues with E1/E4 mapping jitter !
f120ppm
f220ppm
f320ppm
f420ppm
f520ppm
f620ppm
Network Clock(Stratum 1)
DS0Switch
CB
E1
M14 M14 CBLT LT
E4 STM-16 E4 E1E1 E4 prop. E4 E1
M14 M14
0.000001 ppm
SDHNE
SDHNE
Initial SDH Deployments
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Current SDH Deployments - I.
Questions:• How do I time the SDH network ?• Can I still just free run all my SDH NEs at 20ppm ?• What is the impact of pointer adjustments ?• How do I distribute timing to the CBs and DS0 switches ?
Network Clock(Stratum 1)
DS0Switch
CB
E1
CBSTM-1
E4 E1E1 E1
0.000001 ppm
STM-16
STM-1 STM-1 STM-1
STM-4
???
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• All STM-N interfaces traceable to PRS to avoid excessive pointers• Excessive pointers cause jitter/wander in embedded E1/E4 payloads• Timing distributed to CB and DS0 switches directly via STM-N lines
Current SDH Deployments - II.
Network Clock(Stratum 1)
DS0Switch
CB CB
BITS
E1E1 E1
0.000001 ppm
STM-16
STM-1STM-1 STM-1
STM-4
STM-1
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Data Communication Channel– DCC is a 192 kb/s in-band channel to facilitate
communication between all Network Elements (NE) in a network
• Remote login, alarms reporting, software download, provisioning
DCN
SDHDCC
ManagementServer
OSS
Network Operations Center
ADM
ADM
ADM
GNEGNEGNEGNE
ADM
GNEGNEGNEGNEGNEGNEGNEGNE
ManagementClients
SDHDCC
SDHDCC
ManagementClient
Alarm and Event
Forwarding
TDM
TDM
TDM
TDM
TDM
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Management Interfaces - I.
OS
DCN
WS
TMN
NE QA
F
XQ3/X/F
Q3 Q3
TMN Model as of M.3010
Reference pointReference point
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Management Interfaces - II.– CMIP over OSI
• TMN Manager/Agent communication standard
Agent
Mgr.
Agent
Element ManagerLayer
Network Element Layer
CMIP/OSI
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Side loomine (connection establishment)
BA
Nõudlus
Vastus (kinnitus)
Terminali (raadioühendus) võrkuTerminaal Raadioühendus Võrk Teenused
Phone
PDA
laptop
60 GHz
40 GHz
17 GHz
5 GHz
WLAN
WLL
Satellite
ATM
Internet
Intranet
……..
speech
video
QoS data
best-effort data
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WCDMA kanalid
BaseStation
(BS)
UserEquipment
(UE)
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH - Sync Channel
P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)
Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell
DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Dedicated Connection Channels
PICH - Page Indication Channel
Paging Channels
S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel
AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel
CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel
CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel
PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel
AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel
Random Access and Packet Access Channels
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Vastastikused häired
Interference Margin (dB) and Load Factor
0
5
10
15
20
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load Factor
Inte
rfer
ence
Mar
gin
(d
B)
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T
T G T
T R R
T T
T
Võrkude ja teenuste ühendamine
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