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Seeing a Three- Dimensional World
Jie Ju Lin
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Outline
• Introduction• Major sources of depth
information• Binocular and Monocular• Static cues • Sensation and perception
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Introduction
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Major sources of depth information
Depth information
Oculamotor Visual
Accommodation( 水晶體 )
Convergence( 聚集角度 )
monocularBinocular( 視網膜 )
Static Motion parallex
(Adapt from Randolph al., 2006)
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Binocular and Monocular
• Binocular
Seeing with two eyes.
The retinal disparity between these imagines provides a depth cue.
(Stereoscopic display)
• Monocular
Seeing with one eyes
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static cues
• Interposition:
(partial occlusion)
Refers to the appearance of one object is partially covered by another.
If one object practically covered by other,
the fully exposed one is perceived as nearer
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• The circle appears to line behind the rectangle ,which appears to lie behind the triangle.
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static cues
• Shading and Light
When objects are lighted from one direction, they normally have shadow that offer some cure about the objects’ orientation relative to us.
The surface of an object nearest the light source is generally the brightest.
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static cues
• Liner Perspective
Liner perceptive involve systematically decreasing the size of more distant elements and the space separating them.
when we see two converging line, we
assume that they are two parallel lines receding in depth .
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static cues
• Relative size:
(familiar size)
If objects are known to be the same true size, those subtending a smaller visual image on the retina (the retina imagine) are assumed to be farther away.
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static cues
• Textural gradients
Most surfaces textured, and when the plane of a texture is oriented toward the line if sight, the grain will grow finer at greater distance.
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static cues
• Aerial perspective:
(clearness)
Is due to the effect of very small particles in atmosphere on light.
more distant objects often tend to be hazier and less clearly defined.
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Sensation and perception
Distal Stimulus
3D
Proximal
Stimulus
2D
Perception3D
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Sensation and perception
Interposition
Aerial perspective
Textural gradients
Relative size
Shading and Light
Liner Perspective
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Sensation and perception
Sensation Perception
Noun Meaningless mental qualities
Meaningful understanding of world/self
verb Physical process
Logical process
(Adapt from Goldstein, 2007)
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火星上的人類學家 An excerpt from an anthropologist on Mars: seven paradoxical tales