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Sedimentary Sedimentary RocksRocks
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Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks are #1are #1
Earth’s crust was made of IGNEOUS rocks
But 75% of the rocks on the Earth’s crust are SEDIMENTARY!
Why?
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Sedimentary rocks are Sedimentary rocks are created from the created from the EROSIONEROSION and and DEPOSITIONDEPOSITION of other of other rocks.rocks.
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Formation of Sedimentary Formation of Sedimentary RocksRocks5 steps
◦ 1. Weathering – any process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces (sediment)
◦ 2. Erosion – the process of removing the sediments (wind, water, etc.)
◦ 3. Deposition – the dropping of sediments◦ 4. Compaction – squeezing layers of
sediments together◦ 5. Cementation – when dissolved minerals
seep into the tiny spaces between the sediments, cementing them into a solid rock
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Strata = Layering of Strata = Layering of RockRock
Youngest Layers
Oldest Layers
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Sedimentary Rocks are the Sedimentary Rocks are the ONLYONLY rocks that contain rocks that contain FOSSILSFOSSILS!!!!
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There are 3 main types of There are 3 main types of Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
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1. 1. Clastic Sedimentary Clastic Sedimentary RocksRocks
Rocks that break down under forces of nature - WIND and WATER!!
Made of pieces of other rocks
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Examples of Clastic Examples of Clastic Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock
Conglomerate
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ShaleMade up of clay sediments
Examples of Clastic Examples of Clastic Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock
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2. 2. Chemical Sedimentary Chemical Sedimentary RocksRocksWater dissolves the minerals and
they come out of the solution (precipitate)
The mineral crystals grow together to make the rock
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Examples of Chemical Sedimentary Examples of Chemical Sedimentary RockRock
Rock Salt (Halite)When water in ocean water
evaporates, leaving salt crystals behind
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Limestone◦MOST COMMON ◦Found in caves◦Forms when calcium carbonate precipitates from a solution
Examples of Chemical Sedimentary Examples of Chemical Sedimentary RockRock
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Made of things that were once living◦Plant materials◦Shells
3. 3. Bioclastic Sedimentary Bioclastic Sedimentary RockRock
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Coal – made of plant remains
Coquina – made of shells
Examples of Bioclastic Sedimentary Examples of Bioclastic Sedimentary RockRock
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Know how to read this for the Know how to read this for the TEST!!TEST!!
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Identify the bioclastic sedimentary rock with the varied grain size.Coa
lIdentify the clastic sedimentary rock with the clay grain size.
Identify the crystalline sedimentary rock with halite composition.
Shale
Rock Salt
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Identify the following Identify the following rocksrocksClastic with very fine grainCrystalline with dolomite
compositionBioclastic with carbon
composition and plants remainsClastic with rounded fragments
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Write the characteristics of Write the characteristics of the following rocksthe following rocksBrecciaSiltstoneRock gypsumLime stone