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FIG. 22-1
Nomenclature
H = Acid Gas =
= equilibrium constant* Claus Process =
LT/D = Residence Time
P = =
=
* For the lo !ressure" #a!or !hase Claus reaction
KEY
= $%am!le calculation &rom the boo'= A!!lication or'sheet &or user to &ill out= (umbers that must be &illed in accordin) to the users data an= (umbers that must be &illed in accordin) to )ra!hs and chart
heat content orenthal!+" ,tu/lb or,tu/lb-mole
.p
lon) ton !er da+ A lon)ton is 0012 lb3
!artial !ressure"atmos!heres
Tail Gas Cleanu!4nit
total !ressure"atmos!heres
0H05 6 57
08 0H
07 6 9/% 5
%
.!= P
H0730P
5%39/%3 / P
H0530P
5703 3
Kp= ( [Mols H
2O]2[Mols S
x]3/x) / ( [Mols H
2S]2[Mol
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d s!eci&ic situation
&eed stream to sul&ur reco#er+ !lant consistin)o& H
05" C7
0" H
07" and usuall+ less than 0 mol
: h+drocarbons
a !rocess in hich ;/9 o& the H05 in the acid)as &eed is burned to 57
0hich is then
reacted ith the remainin) H05 to !roduce
sul&ur< This is also re&erred to as the modi&iedClaus !rocess
the !eriod o& time in hich a !rocess streamill be contained ithin a certain #olume or!iece o& equi!ment" seconds
a !rocess unit desi)ned to ta'e tail )as &rom aClaus sul&ur reco#er+ !lant and remo#eadditional sul&ur ith the )oal o& meetin)en#ironmental sul&ur emission standards
SO2] ) * ( / Total Mols )3/x 1
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Feed Gas Conditions ;;2 >F Dr+ ,ulb Te02
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! ;22 >F! ? >Fischar)e Tem! ;E2 >F
idit+ 2
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Feed Gas Conditions ;;2 >F Dr+ ,ulb Te02
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! ;22 >F! ? >Fischar)e Tem! ;E2 >F
idit+ 2
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d" !rocess" or ser#ice b+ trade-name" trademar'" and ser#ice mar' manu&acturer or otherise does not constit
ma)esF3 = -91";?2
Find o%+)en required
= ;1
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$quilibrium tem!erature can determined b+ readin) Fi)< 00-0? or can be a!!ro%imated b+ the &olloin
;92 ;
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= 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr HC Combustion = ;"B09"192 ,tu/hr Claus Reaction = ;"9;1"23 ,tu/hr
09"20"1B0 ,tu/hr
,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;B>F
% = ;9 moles/hr Feed GasH Q ;;2
mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
0;
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,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;B9>F
%= ;12 moles/hr Feed Gas
H Q ;;2mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
0;
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;92 ;EE2 0;B
;9 022 0;B9;12 092 0;B0
%" mol/hr $quil< and Flame Tem!erature >F3
nterce!t ;9F3
Flame Tem!erature>F3
12! 13" 132 13# 13$ 13! 1#"
"
%""
1"""
1%""
2"""
2%""
3"""
&(x) = - ".3%#!333'2x 2211.3''%"33'
&(x) = %1x - #$%
Calculation of Reaction Furnac
x, moles H2S reacting
Temperature, F
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%" mol/hr $quil< and Flame Tem!erature >F3
nterce!t ;91
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From $q 00-0,tu
$q 00-,tu
From $q 00-B
,tu
Reaction Products mol/hr3
;1
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;290;;E01290;0B
00-0EF ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
B00
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= 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr = ;"B09"192 ,tu/hr = ;"9;1"23 ,tu/hr
09"209"201 ,tu/hr
,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;0;>F
>F ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
B00
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,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;?9>F
>F ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
B00
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ure that meet the thermod+namic equilibrium and heat balance
Note: Page 22-2% assumes tempe"atu"e o& 212expanation.
ure that meet the thermod+namic equilibrium and heat balance
1#2
e Temperature
+,il Tp i0a (+,il Tp)
Fla Tp i0a (Fla Tp)
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ublished in the $n)ineerin) Data ,oo' as !ublished b+ the Gas Processor 5u!!liers Associatios!readsheets based on the GP5A $n)ineerin) Data ,oo' sam!le calculations" the use o& such ic+ or reasonableness o& &actual or scienti&ic assum!tions" studies or conclusions" or merchantabithout limitation" those resultin) &rom lost !ro&its" lost data or business interru!tion3 arisin) &rased on rather broad assum!tions includin) but not limited toI tem!eratures" !ressures" com!o
Note: Page 22-2% assumes tempe"atu"e o& 212expanation.
1#2
e Temperature
+,ilii, Tpat, (F)
i0a (+,ilii, Tpat, (F))
Fla Tpat, (F)
i0a (Fla Tpat, (F))
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Step 1 Combustion/Reac
Find o%+)en required
Total
Assume %=mols o& H05 reactin)
% ;/0% % 9/1%
aterial ,alance Combustion/Reac
Assume JP throu)h the burner andThen P=
At equilibrium
Calculate air required to burn ;/9 o&
H05 6 ; 7
08 H
07 6 57
0
CH16 07
08 C7
06 0H
07
H05 8 57
0
;/93*9/03*moles H053
H+drocarbons as C;3
0 * moles C;3
0H05 6 57
08 0H
07 6 9/0 5
0
H05C7
0
H07
570
(0
70
50
5B
5E
H+drocarbons as C;3
.!= P
H0730P
5%39/%3 / P
H0530P
570
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$quilibrium tem!erature can determ
Determine &lame tem!erature b+ he%=
Assume a ran)e in order to inter!ol
>F ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
00?2 ;"11"0 H05
0B90 1";EE"E1 C70
02E; "0"; H070?229 EB1"?B; 570
;B1E9 "B29"E (0
;E ;"E1E"1; 5009"EE"1;0
Heat in
Feed GasCombustion Air
$quilibrium Tem!erature >F3 = -B
o/!" #it!out an$
H05C7
0
H07
H+drocarbons as C;3
70
(0H
07
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H05 CombustionHC CombustionClaus Reaction
% =
H05
C70
H07
H+drocarbons as C;3
70
(0
H07
>F ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
00?2 ;"912"E2 H05
0B90 1";EE"E1 C70
02E; B"290";22 H07
0?229 ??"01 570
;B1E9 "B29"E (0
;E ;";"E? 50
09"EE0"9B2
Heat in
Feed GasCombustion Air
H05 CombustionHC CombustionClaus Reaction
Note: Page 22-2( cacuates Caus Reaction#it! 135.16 moes/!" but s!o#s 135 moes/!"in t!e exampe.
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%=
H05
C70
H07
H+drocarbons as C;3
70
(0
H07
>F ,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
00?2 ;"00?"191 H05
0B90 1";EE"E1 C70
02E; B";9"221 H07
0?229 ?0"?1E 570
;B1E9 "B29"E (0
;E ;"2"BE0 5009"E?"92E
Heat in
Feed Gas
Combustion AirH05 CombustionHC CombustionClaus Reaction
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nterce!t,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E
,ased on equations on Pa)e 00-0EF3 = -000"?22 ,tu
JK 90>F3 = -91";?2 ,tu
= ;1
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ined b+ readin) Fi)< 00-0? or can be a!!ro%imated b+ the &olloin)
;92 ;
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= 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr = ;"B09"192 ,tu/hr = ;"9;1"23 ,tu/hr
09"20"1?0 ,tu/hr
,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;B>F
;9 moles/hr Feed GasH Q ;;2 >F ,+ $quations !a)
mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr ,tu/lb-mol
0;
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,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;B9>F
;12 moles/hr Feed Gas
H Q ;;2 >F ,+ $quations !a)mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr ,tu/lb-mol
0;
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;92 ;EE2 0;B
;9 022 0;B9;12 092 0;B0
%" mol/hr $quil< and Flame Tem!erature >F3
;9F3
Flame Tem!erature>F3
12! 13" 132 13# 13$ 13! 1#" 1#2
"
%""
1"""
1%""
2"""
2%""
3"""
&(x) = - ".3%#!3'!$1x 2211.#"%3'"#%#
&(x) = %1x - #$%
Calculation of Reaction Furnace Temp
i
Fl
i
x, moles H2S reacting
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%" mol/hr $quil< and Flame Tem!erature >F3
;91
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From $q 00-0
$q 00-
From $q 00-B
ducts mol/hr3
- %
6 %
- ;/0%
6 9/1 %
6 ;/1 %
3O;/0
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00-0E,tu/hr
;E;";;1;2E"900
;"2;
9"2019;;";
00-0E,tu/hr
;BE"9E1
B22"901
0B"?E?"19
e 00-0E H Q 0022 >F ,+ $quations !a),tu/hr ,tu/lbmol ,tu/hr ,tu/lb-mol
;"9?1"B 00?02 ;"1"000 00?2
9"B?"?22 0B992 1";EE"EE 0B90
"B2?"911 02?2 "0B"2?0 02E;E02";92 0?222 EB1"B? 0?229
";0;";9B ;B1E2 "B2;"B?1 ;B1E9
;"?E";2? ;EB2 ;"E1E"B22 ;E00"B1"2?9 09"EE"09B
,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E= 9;;"; ,tu/hr = ?"19 ,tu/hr
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= 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr = ;"B09"192 ,tu/hr = ;"9;1"23 ,tu/hr
09"209"201 ,tu/hr
,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;0;>F
e 00-0E,tu/hr
;E;";;1
;2E"900
;"2;
9"201
9;;";
e 00-0E,tu/hr
;BE"9E1
B22"901
0B"?E?"19
e 00-0E H Q 0022 >F ,+ $quations !a),tu/hr ,tu/lbmol ,tu/hr ,tu/lb-mol
;"0B?"91 00?02 ;"91;"B00 00?2
9"B?"?22 0B992 1";EE"EE 0B90
"?21"BB0 02?2 B"20E"00 02E;
?B";2E 0?222 ??";? 0?229
";0;";9B ;B1E2 "B2;"B?1 ;B1E9
;"E0"?0? ;EB2 ;";"?22 ;E
00"B10"B?? 09"E?E"2EB
,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E= 9;;"; ,tu/hr = ?"19 ,tu/hr
= 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr = ;"B09"192 ,tu/hr = ;"9B"03 ,tu/hr
00"?0"11 ,tu/hr
Note: Page 22-2( cac#it! 135.16 moes/!" bt!e exampe.
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,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;?9>F
e 00-0E,tu/hr
;E;";;1
;2E"900
;"2;
9"2019;;";
e 00-0E
,tu/hr ;BE"9E1
B22"901
0B"?E?"19
e 00-0E H Q 0022 >F ,+ $quations !a),tu/hr ,tu/lbmol ,tu/hr ,tu/lb-mol
;";B2"291 00?02 ;"00E"200 00?2
9"B?"?22 0B992 1";EE"EE 0B90
"E2;"E2 02?2 B";9;"??0 02E;
B0"2E 0?222 ?0"B? 0?229
";0;";9B ;B1E2 "B2;"B?1 ;B1E9
;"E9"91B ;EB2 ;"2"E22 ;E00"B9B"0E0 09"E?2"9B
,+ $quations !a)e 00-0E= 9;;"; ,tu/hr
= ?"19 ,tu/hr = 0;"B2?"22 ,tu/hr = ;"B09"19; ,tu/hr = ;"1;B";223 ,tu/hr
00"0;"E? ,tu/hr
,+ inter!olation" &lame tem!erature is a!!ro% 0;??>F
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d+namic equilibrium and heat balance
d+namic equilibrium and heat balance
rature
+,ilii, Tpat, (F)
0a (+,ilii, Tpat, (F))
a Tpat, (F)
0a (Fla Tpat, (F))
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calculation method" !rocess" or ser#ice b+ trade-name" trademar'" and ser#ice mar' manu&actur
sibilit+ o& such dama)es< &olin) and actual control set-!oint dead-band limitationsF
2
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n no e#ent ill the GPA or GP5A and their members bThese calculation s!readsheets are !ro#ided to !ro#ide
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Fi)< 00-0;
Cooled Reaction ProductsH Q?22
,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
??1 99?"?0
BEBE ;"20"BB
BE ;"BB;"1B2?92 0;9"??;
1?02 0"?1"1
2? ?0
;;2 00"1?
0?22 109"EB"?90"0;
Fi)< 00-0
atmF
Fi)< 00-0;
Cooled Reaction ProductsH Q ?22
mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
E
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ormation in thes Publication" hether based on arrant+" contract" tort or an+ other le)al theor+ alace detailed and accurate Desi)n $n)ineerin) ta'in) into account actual !rocess conditions" &lui
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sociation GPA3F,tu/hr
;0"2?
1E"010
??E"B2?
"BE
;"0B"919
;"0?
;2"9?E0"E02"12
ublished in the $n)ineerin) Data ,oo' as !ublished b+ the Gas Processor 5u!!liers Association as a ss!readsheets based on the GP5A $n)ineerin) Data ,oo' sam!le calculations" the use o& such in&ormatc+ or reasonableness o& &actual or scienti&ic assum!tions" studies or conclusions" or merchantabilit+" &itithout limitation" those resultin) &rom lost !ro&its" lost data or business interru!tion3 arisin) &rom theased on rather broad assum!tions includin) but not limited toI tem!eratures" !ressures" com!ositions"
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Step 1st Re!eate"7ne o& the !rinci!al !ur!oses o& reheatin) is to maintain the !rocess )as abo#e the
Assume 02
B
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sul&ur de!oint throu)hout the catal+st bedF hi)herF
Fi)< 00-0;
H Q 92 >F,tu/hr
;0"2?
1E"010
??E"B2?
"BE
;"0B"919
;"0?
;2"1;00"E02"1E9
dited in coo!eration ith Gas Processors Association GPA3F
Fi)< 00-0;
>F
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E; E9
Fi)< 00-0;
>F
Con#erter 7utlet
Tem!erature >F3 Fi)F3calculated
3! 3' #" #1
perature
r
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,T4/hr,T4/hr,T4/hr
;
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5te! ;st Catal+tic Con#erter
+ ;/0+ + 9/;B+JH 90>F3 = -1992 ,tu
Feed Gas Q 1?>F 7utlet Conditionsmol/hr mol/hr
E
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;
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999
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mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
02
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+N 3O-/E
EE9B??
r heat balanceF
equilibrium in#ol#in) &ormation o& 50" 5
B" and 5
E
5Eis consideredF3
calculated
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Fi)< 00-0;
>F
Fi)< 00-0;
>F
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E; E9
Fi)< 00-0;
>F
Con#erter 7utlet
Tem!erature >F3 Fi)F3calculated
3! 3' #" #1
emperature
pis)
les/hr
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,T4/hr,T4/hr,T4/hr
;:
and edited in coo!eration ith Gas Processors Association GPA3< imeliness o& such in&ormation< Re&erence herein to an+ s!eci&ic commercial !roduct" calculation method" !rocess"
arrant+" contract" tort or an+ other le)al theor+ and hether or not ad#ised o& the !ossibilit+ o& such dama)es< a'in) into account actual !rocess conditions" &luid !ro!erties" equi!ment condition or &olin) and actual control s
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or ser#ice b+ trade-name" trademar'" and ser#ice mar' manu&acturer or otherise does not constitute
t-!oint dead-band limitations
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r im!l+ endorsement" recommendation or &a#orin) b+ the GPA and/or G
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ncine"ato"
Con#ersion $&&icienc+ E:
?:
Tail )as com!ositionH Q922
mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
9F3 = -;"2B9"B22
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9F3 = -91";22
FuelH Q ;22
mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
;2 B?
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mol/hr ,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
92 10
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EB1"2?B ,tu/hr
5 From 5te! ;3 11E"21E ,tu/hr
"99E"020 ,tu/hr
5te! 0< Calculate net heat release &or &uel at 2
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Heat Balance
Heat Out ;;"E2";02 ,tu/hr
Heat In
Feed 0"09"B2 ,tu/hr Air ;B"9 ,tu/hr
Fuel ;9"029 ,tu/hr EB1"2?B ,tu/hr
;;"012 ,tu/hr
;B";?0 ,tu/hr
099"0 ,tu/hr
E"20B"2?E ,tu/hr;;"E91"E2 ,tu/hr
Desired accurac+ &or con#er)ence Mheat in !lus heats o& reaction - heat outN/heat in3
The heat in !lus heat o& reactions equals the heat out ithin ;:" #alidatin) the con#er)enceF,tu/hr
E"1E
129";
??"09
"0??
;"2;"929
;2
0"0??";2 From !a)e 00-0E
0"09"B2
em! ;222 >F
From $q 00-0-000"?22 ,tu
$q 00-;2-;9B"B22 ,tu
Pa)e 00-9;-E2E"B22 ,tu
Pa)e 00-9;-;"2B9"B22 ,tu
AirH Q ;22 >F
,tu/lb-mol ,tu/hr
?
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10F
,tu/hr
;"B"1;9
0"2"1B
";E
1"91"?1
99"BEE";9E"091
,tu/hr
,tu/hr,tu/hr
,tu/hr
,tu/hr,tu/hr,tu/hr
cess air" base rate ;2 mol/hr
!a)e 00-9;-91";22 ,tu
;22 >F,tu/hr
"B??
"B??
;22 >F
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,tu/hr
;1"?E1
9"1E9
0"9B9?2"B92
s;222 >F
,tu/hr
;21"922
?1"212
?E0"222
020"222;";B0"912
,tu/hr,tu/hr
,tu/hr,tu/hr,tu/hr
,tu/hr
Fuel basis
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mols/hr methane as &uelF390 ?22 A -01; -0 -0B1 -09990 ?22 , ?
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-09E -002 -900 -01 -2 -;09B -;?
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the )as !rocessin) industr+< All in&ormation and calculation &ormulae has been com!iled and editedluntar+ and the GPA and GP5A do not )uarantee the accurac+" com!leteness" e&&icac+ or timeliness oa !articular !ur!ose or non-in&rin)ement o& intellectual !ro!ert+