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Chapter 4
Chapter 4The Periodic Table of Elements
Sec.1INTRO. TO PERIODIC TABLE
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What we’ll learn?
• Describe the history of the periodic table• Interpret an element key.• Explain how the periodic table is organized.• https://sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table/
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Vocabulary:
• Period• Group• Representative element• Transition element
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Why is the Periodic Table important to me?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.
• You get to use it on every test.
• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
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Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …
• …was a mess!!!• No organization of
elements.• Imagine going to a grocery
store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.• Chemistry didn’t make
sense.
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Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)(Father of the Table)
-1st version of PT -Russian Chemist-Arranged elements according atomic mass.-(15yrs) missing elements (gallium, scandium, germanium)
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Moseley, Henry
• English Physicist• Arranged the PT according to atomic number.
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The Current Periodic TableNow the elements are put in rows by increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are
labeled from 1 to 7.(properties change gradually)• The vertical columns are called groups are
labeled from 1 to 18.( similar physical & chemical properties)
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Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!• Elements in the
same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
• (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
Why??• They have the same
number of valence electrons.
• They will form the same kinds of ions.
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Families on the Periodic Table
• Columns are also grouped into families.
• Families may be one column, or several columns put together.
• Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
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ZONES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS Groups 1& 2 13- 18MetalsNon MetalsMetalloids
TRANSITION ELEMENTSGroups 3-12Metals
Inner transition elements:a. Lanthanide seriesb. Actinide series
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ELEMENT KEY:
• A box in the periodic table where each element is represented.
• Contains: name of the elementAtomic no.Atomic massSymbolState of matter
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SYMBOLS:
• 1, 2, or 3 letters (element)• Greek or Latin names
Scientist names Geographic LocationEx. Mendelevium Md Dmitry Mendeleev Lead PB Latin-Plumbum Thorium Th God of thunder- Thor