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SEARCHING
THE CENSUS
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• The decree that Caesar sent out was for Tax Purposes.
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, LISTS OF PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KEPT
• Census: Latin - meaning a count of people & their property for tax purposes
– “that all the world should be taxed.” Luke 2:1
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Census-type records have been around for a
long time…• Chinese Taxation Record 2275 BC
• England Taxation Record 1086 AD William the Conqueror’s Doomsday Book
• Inca “Quipus String” 1500 AD
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Quipu ("knot") - Quipus were knotted-string devices that were used for record-keeping in the Inca empire. Quipus recorded both statistical information (e.g., census data and tribute records) as well as "cues" that were consulted by Inca officials to recount genealogies, histories and other types of narratives. Quipus were largely replaced by written documents soon after
the Spanish conquest of the Inca empire (beginning in 1532).
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Kinds of Census Records Today United States• Federal Census, every 10 years since 1790
• State Census, in between Federal Census
• Colonial & Territorial Census, since 1700
• Veterans Census, 1840 & 1890
• Mortality Schedules. Exist for 1850, 60, 70, 80 & some states in 1885
• LDS Church Census, 1914, 1920-60 every 5 yrs
• Other Church Census
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• Census Records are kept by most countries
• See Research Outline for the country
Kinds of Census Records Today Foreign
– To get Research Outlines online, see references at end of handout
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WHY SEARCH CENSUS RECORDS ?
• They contain valuable information
• Most people are listed
• Easy to Search
• Readily Available
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– 1790 4 M
– 1890 63 M
– 1990 248 M
– 2000 281 M
Most People are in a Census
Year People
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What do Census Records Show?• 1790-1840, only Head of household &
number of children• 1850 and later, added names, age, sex, birth
place and occupation for everyone.• 1880 and later, added relationship to head
of household, marital status and birth place of father & mother for everyone.
• 1890 was almost all destroyed by fire.• 1900 shows the most information
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How do we Search the Census?Finding Someone in the Census is usually a Two-Step Process
• First find them in an Index
• Then find them in the Census
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Kinds of Indexes
• Book Indexes, alphabetically indexed by name of head of household
• Soundex, an index of names that sound alike, using names of head of household.
• Many CDs in the Library
• Key Internet Sites - Ancestry
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BOOK INDEXES
• 1790-1850 Exist for all states
• 1860-1880 Exist for some states. See FHLC
They are indexed alphabetically by Head of Household
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SOUNDEX INDEXES
– Names are coded so that names that sound alike are grouped together.
• Russell, Rusel, Risel, Rasoll, Resallei all have the same code R240
– For Example:
• Schurman, Sherman, Shireman, Shurman all have the Soundex code S655.
– Names are listed by this Soundex Code
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SOUNDEX CODES
Can be obtained from:• Books in the Library near Census films on the north wall. Filed by each state.
• PAF 4 or 5
– Click on Tools, Soundex Calculator, and then enter the name.
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CENSUSES that are SOUNDEXED
• 1880 For all states (Now obsolete – Why?)
• 1900 For all states
• 1910 For 29 states only – all on CD • 1920 For all states
• 1930 For 10 states plus 2 partial
•All on Ancestry.com
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INDEXES on the INTERNET
Key Internet Sites from FamilySearch:• Go to Familysearch.org, then click on
Search, Web Sites, Key Genealogical Sites, Cyndi’s List. Then:– For U.S. Census click on United States Index,
U.S. – Census. See list of sites.
– For Foreign Census click on Census Related Sites World Wide, International…
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Soundex ExampleFind Family of Andrew Anderson in the 1920 Utah Census
1. Determine Soundex Code From Book or PAF
– Code for Anderson = A536 2. Find the Soundex Film for Utah that contains code A536
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Finding Andrew Anderson Cont.
5. Write Down:
3. Find Names with Code A536 on the Soundex Film
4. Then Look for First Name Andrew
• County• E.D. #• Sheet #• Line #
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1 2
3
4
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• County = Sevier
• E.D. Number = 113
• Sheet # = 4
• Line # = 36
The following Information was obtained from the Soundex Film:
This Leads to the family in the Census Film
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1920 Census – Andrew Anderson Family
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PROBLEM – Identify these People
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What is Known
• Name = Joseph Fischer
• Born 23 May 1882
• Probably in St. Louis, Missouri
• Had at least 7 brothers and sisters
• His father’s name could be Frank
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Choosing a Census• Since Joseph Fischer was born in
1882, we would expect to find him in the 1900 censes as an 18 year old boy with several brothers and sisters
• Fischer Soundex Code = F260
Find the Soundex Code
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Find Joseph Fischer on Soundex Film• Examine all cards with F260 codes, looking
for a Fischer family having several children with one named Joseph about 18 years old.
• Required looking through whole roll of film
• Only one Fischer family in the whole roll of F260 names matched our criteria of having several children with one named Joseph about 18 years old
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Soundex Cards for Fischer FamilyCity=
St Louis
E.D. = 9
Sheet = 12
Line = 27
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Census Record with Fischer Family
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Summary of 1900 Census Record
• Wife = Josephine, b. Sep 1855 in Germany, Parents born Germany, mother of 10, 8 living.
+Frank Jr., b. Aug 1877 age 22 +Alvina, b. Sep 1879 age 20 +Joseph, b.May 1881 age 18 + 4 other children b. 1883-1897
• Head = Frank Fisher, b. Mar 1850 in Germany, Parents born Germany, married 25 yrs, immigrated to U.S. 1868, Naturalized, furniture mfgr.
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Finding Missing Child, 1880 Census
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EXAMPLE L.D.S. Church Census Records
• FHLC under Author/Title Section
• Started 1914 then 1920-1960 every five years
• FHLC Computer Number 134899
• 1914-1920 Film Number 0271394
• Not taken 1945 - war• Incomplete - not all
wards and stakes are available
• Valuable in finding branch, ward, stake, town, state. Often find complete families.
• Taken to keep track of membership growth
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EXAMPLE – Foreign Census
ECUADOR DENMARK
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The Spirit of Elijah is Strong
We are getting more and more records from
countries that were once closed to us such as---
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Russian Census Type Records
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Find
Your
Ancestor
In The
A.
I.
S.
THIS WAS PUT TOGETHER FROM CENSUS AND CENSUS TYPE RECORDS SUCH AS LAND AND TAX RECORDS.IT IS ON MICROFICHE - LOOK FOR YOUR ANCESTORS BY THEIR SURNAME. IT IS A VERY VALUABLE TOOL IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHERE THEY WERE AT THE TIME YOU ARE HUNTING FOR THEM.
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Find Your Ancestor on theI N T E R N
E T
Click on:
• Search,
• Search by Locality
– Choose a State
Example: Missouri
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Census Images are free at the FHL and at FS, $70/year otherwise.
A Great Deal While you are here
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1930 CENSUS• 1930 Census was just released for
our use in April 2002! (72 yr hold)– Census Rolls 2,668
– Soundex Rolls 2,650
– E.D. Color Maps 30
• Only 10 Southern States are fully Soundexed, 2 others partly
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Typical
Census
Enumerator
Problems with the Census
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• Errors occur in all Records• Many of the census index
books have whole sections explaining problems for that census.
• An enlightening chapter found in the 1880 Chicago, Cook County Illinois Index Book was ---
“THE PRINCIPLES OF
UNDERSTANDING CENSUS
BLOOPERS AND CENSUS
INDEXING”
Census Errors History of United States Census
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• Misspelling or Spelling Disabilities
• Variation of Names and Name Spellings
• Nicknames
• Negligence
• Cultural Phonics
• Family did not know the information.
• They were paid by the name enumerated.– Not home - take
information from a neighbor, servant, or employee.
• Poor Storage
Census Errors – Cont.
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One surname may bespelled many ways!
Neuharth Neuhart Neihart
Newharth Nythart Newhardt
Newhart Neythart Neyhardt
Neuthard Neyhart Newhard
Neidhardt Newhardt Nythart
Newhaard Neithart Nehart
Neuthert Neihardt Nyhart
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ERRORS IN THE JANUARY 1856 UTAH TERRITORIAL CENSUS
• Utah territory is preparing for statehood.
• Population counts. (The more the better)
• Records were inflated by adding additional children to families.
• According to authorities, the census books were “cooked”.
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THE FINAL BURDEN OF PROOF IN DETERMINING
CORRECTNESS OR INCORRECTNESS LIES
WITH THE RESEARCHER
Verify census data with data from other records
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Abraham Lincoln 1860 Census Record
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In Summary
• Contain much valuable information
• High probability of finding your people
• Easiest records to Search
• Readily available on film, CD & Internet
• Search Census First
• Verify results with other records
• See References in handout for more info.
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Copy and Evaluate Your Information
• Continue to re-analyze material previously obtained in light of new material.
– Originally “meaningless”clues may suddenly become important.
– Use other Records with the Census, follow the clues!
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• As the sands of time continue to slip by, make each moment of your mission here at the family history center count as you search in the library in the
CENSUS RECORDS
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The End
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Harper’s Weekly19 November 1870
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DEATH RECORDS ON THE INTERNET
Copy and Evaluate Your Information Use Other Records
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Copy and Evaluate Your Information Use Other Records
Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah
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• Watch for this new exciting census technology that will make census searches easier, faster, and more fun!
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The enumerator may have been hesitant to knock on the Joplin’s door. Neighbors were fighting measles.
1880Scott
Joplin
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MORMON
IMMIGRATION
INDEX
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TRAVELING
WEST
BY
HANDCART