Download - School-wide PBS and School-based Mental Health: Integration Opportunities in Pennsylvania
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School-wide PBS and School-based Mental
Health:
Integration Opportunitiesin Pennsylvania
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania November, 2006
Lucille Eber, ([email protected]) IL PBIS Network www.pbisillinois.org
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Resources: (Fixen, et al, 2005)“Implementation Research:
A Synthesis of the Literature http://mim.fmhi.usf.edu
(Kutash et al, 2006) “School-based Mental
Health: An Empirical Guide for Decision-Makers” http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu
(Bazelon Center, 2006)“Way to Go”….School
Success for Children with Mental Health Care
Needs www.bazelon.org
www.pbisillinois.org
www.pbis.org
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A Key Question:
How do we move from “expert driven”, one-student at a time, reactive approaches to building capacity within schools to support the behavior/mental health of ALL students?
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The Role of the Behavior Specialist or Behavior support Team?? Reactive? Too little, too late? Integrity of interventions? Structures to ensure prevention as well as
effective interventions?OR
Ensuring/guiding capacity of local school staff to be behaviorally competent?
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Students with Complex Needs….
Need access to and can benefit from all 3 levels of SW-PBS
And may need additional support from beyond school-based services as well.
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1-5% 1-5%
5-10% 5-10%
80-90% 80-90%
Tertiary Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity
Tertiary Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures
Secondary Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response•Small Group Interventions• Some Individualizing
Secondary Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response• Small Group Interventions• Some Individualizing
Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive
Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive
School-Wide Systems for Student Success
A Response to Intervention ModelAcademic Systems Behavioral Systems
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Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports
“PBIS” is a research-based systems approach designed to enhance the capacity of schools to…
(Lewis & Sugai, 1999; Sugai et al., 1999; Sugai & Horner, 1994, 1999)
effectively educate all students, including students with challenging social behaviors adopt & sustain the use of effective instructional practices
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“Big Idea”
Goal is to establish host environments that support adoption, sustain use, & expansion of evidence-based practices
(Zins & Ponti, 1990)
٭
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SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATASupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingDecisionMaking
SupportingStudent Behavior
OUTCOMES
Social Competence &Academic Achievement
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Going to Scale withEffective Systems/Practices
If you invest, do it so it will last 10 years!
1. Implement with high fidelity2. Must be durable3. Must be sustained (in place 5 years)4. Delivered by typical agents5. Outcome data used to adapt6. Modify to local setting7. Establish system
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Implementation emphasizes:
Team-based planning & problem
solving
Instructional approaches; data-based
Active administrator
support/participation
Long-term action planning
Staff commitment
On-going professional development
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What SW-PBS is… Evidenced based practices imbedded
in a systems change process
A prevention continuum
A process with conceptual foundations in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
A framework for organizing mental health supports and services
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What does PBIS look like?
SW-PBS (primary)
>80% of students can tell you what is expected of them & give behavioral example because they have been taught, actively supervised, practiced, & acknowledged.
Positive adult-to-student interactions exceed negative
Data- & team-based action planning & implementation are operating.
Administrators are active participants.
Full continuum of behavior support is available to all students
Secondary & Tertiary
Team-based coordination & problem solving
Local specialized behavioral capacity
Function-based behavior support planning
Person-centered, contextually & culturally relevant
Capacity for wraparound facilitation
District/regional behavioral capacity
Linked to SW-PBS practices & systems
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Universal Example
Leadership Team identifies need Response to high frequency of bullying (data)
Lessons taught school-wide (all staff all kids) Direct instruction linked to “Respect” expectation Practice activities in all settings Prompts in settings (i.e. playground, halls,
classroom) Recognition of skills being demonstrated
Assessment of outcomes Has bullying decreased?
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Questions to Guide IL PBIS Implementation:
How do we decide what data to collect/examine/use?How do we use the data to help us decide how to spend our time?
Implementation Effect Integrity/Fidelity Capacity Sustainability
If we train schools, do they implement?If schools implement, do students/schools benefit?Do students with greater needs benefit from implementation?
If schools implement, is there fidelity?If schools implement, is there sustainability? Over time?
L
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Evaluation Linked to Implementation
Implementation Surveys (all 3 levels) Team Checklists, Coaches Checklists School-wide Evaluation Tool (SET) Levels of implementation & Profiles Existing School-based data:
Behavior Academics ODRs Homework ISSs Class work OSSs Grades Tardies ISAT Attendance Achievement Test Scores On task-Academic
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System-wide Evaluation Tool (SET) Research quality tool for assessing
Universal/School-wide PBIS External person spend 2 hours at school,
reviewing documents, interviewing staff, interviewing students.
PBIS is “in place” when with a score of at least 80% Total and 80% on Teaching sub-scale.
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School-wide Evaluation Tool (SET)
Assess features that are in place
Determine annual goals for team
Evaluate on-going efforts Design and revise
procedures Compare efforts from year
to year
Expectation defined Expectation taught System for rewarding
behavior expectations System for responding to
behavioral violationa Monitoring and decision-
making Management District-level support
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Does PBIS Implementation Result in Changes in Student Behavior?
Is there a reduction in Office Discipline Referrals when PBIS is implemented?
Do students and faculty perceive the environment as more safe when PBIS procedures are implemented?
Are there savings in faculty/student time?
Are there gains in academic performance?
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Establish Procedures for Data Collection and Analysis PBIS teams CONSISTENTLY review the following data/graphs:
The Average # of referrals: Per day per month By type of behavior By location By time of day By student
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0
5
10
15
20
25
Sep Nov Jan Mar MayMonths
Office Referrals per Day per Month1994-1995
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415Behaviors
Office Referrals by Behavior1994-1995
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Classroom Bus
Location
Office Referrals by Location1994-1995
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Major ODR’s by Time - Mid Year(9/2/02-3/01/03)
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0
20
40
60
80
100
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79
No. of Referrals
Office Referrals by Student1994-1995
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79%
12%
9%
83%
11%
6%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Partial Implementation Full Implementation
Level of Implementation
Illinois: Partial vs. Full Implementation 05-06
6 +
2 to 5
0-1
n=61 Schools n=91 SchoolsOD
Rs
Per
100
Stu
den
ts p
er d
ay
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0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%
100.00%
Per
cen
tag
e
2004-2005- PartialImplementation
2005-2006 - FullImplementation
Level of Implementation
L. Elementary School Partial Implementation to Full Implementation 04-05 to 05-06
6 + 14.15% 0.25%
2 to 5 28.54% 4.33%
0 to 1 57.30% 95.40%
2004-2005- Partial Implementation 2005-2006 - Full Implementation
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0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Per
cen
tag
e
2004-2005 PartialImplementation
2005-2006 FullImplementation
Level of Implementation
S. School - Partial Implementation to Full Implementation04-05 to 05-06
% 6 and up ODR's 6.95% 2.20%
% 2 to 5 ODR's 15.25% 3.90%
% 0 to 1 ODR's 77.80% 93.90%
2004-2005 Partial Implementation 2005-2006 Full Implementation
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0 %
2 0 %4 0 %
6 0 %8 0 %
1 0 0 %
P a rt ia l ( n = 3 7 ) Fu ll 8 0 / 8 0 ( n = 4 0 )
R isk R a t io
P ro t e c t iv e R a t io
Comparing School Safety Survey Partial vs. Fully Implementation FY06
Ris
k &
pro
tect
ive
fac
tors
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Stu d e n ts W h o M e e t o r Ex c e e d Re a d in g Sta n d a rd s
o n 3 rd G ra d e ISA T6 4
5 8
5 5
6 0
6 5
P B IS N o t in P la c e ( n = 8 4 )
S c h o o ls
P B IS in P la c e ( n = 1 1 2 )
S c h o o ls
% o
f st
uden
ts
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MARK TWAIN PRIMARY SCHOOLKankakee, IL
DISCIPLINARY REFERRALS FOR CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR
268
143
71
113
15
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 (TO DATE)
# O
F D
ISC
IPL
INE
RE
FE
RR
AL
S
1st
Yea
r of
PB
IS
2nd
Yea
r o
f PB
IS
3rd
Yea
r P
BIS
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NUMBER OF SUSPENSIONS (MARK TWAIN PRIMARY SCHOOL - KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS)
54
32
15
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 (TO DATE)
# O
F S
US
PE
NS
ION
S
FIR
ST
YE
AR
OF
PB
IS
SE
CO
ND
YE
AR
OF
PB
IS
TH
IRD
YE
AR
O
F P
BIS
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NUMBER OF STUDENT REFERRALS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION (MARK TWAIN PRIMARY SCHOOL - KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS)
16
11
5
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 (TO DATE)
# O
F R
EF
ER
RA
LS
FO
R S
PE
C E
D
FIR
ST
YE
AR
OF
PB
IS
SE
CO
ND
YE
AR
OF
PB
IS
TH
IRD
YE
AR
OF
P
BIS
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ISAT 00-05 MARK TWAIN - % MEETS AND EXCEEDS
24.0
%
47.0
%
36.0
%
23.0
%
42.0
%
45.0
%
24.4
% 28.8
%
46.7
%
48.9
%
61.7
%
72.3
%
41.5
%
54.8
%
55.0
%58.9
%
69.2
%
52.6
%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
READING MATH WRITING
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
BEFORE PBIS AFTER PBIS BEFORE PBIS AFTER PBIS AFTER PBISBEFORE PBIS
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020406080
100120140
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Nu
mb
er
of
Stu
den
ts
Monitor Resource Self contained
Six Year Comparison of Sparta School District
Least Restrictive Environment
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Dewey Elementary:Changes in Least Restrictive
Environment
27
45
16
5
60%
78%
0
10
20
30
40
50
2003-04 2004-05
# S
tud
en
ts
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ISA
T S
co
re
Students in SPED < 21% of Day
Students in SPED 21-60% of Day
ISAT Scores
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Opportunity for MH integration through School-based
Leadership Team
System and Data Structures Needed: leadership team is in place…
Team looks at range of universal data (not just ORD’s)
Capacity to get 80-90% of staff consistently implementing inventions
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MH Integration opportunity at the Universal Level
High % of youth come from multiple homeless shelters in the neighborhood
High % of kids have experienced death/violence
High % of suicide threats/attempts
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Does School-wide PBIS increase school’s capacity to “catch” and respond toMH needs of students sooner?
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School-wide Positive Behavior Supports
A Response to Intervention Model
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Secondary
Tertiary
AnalyzeStudent Data
Interviews, Questionnaires, etc.
Multi-Disciplinary Assessment & Analysis
Small group interventions
Individualized Interventions
(simple)
Complex individualized interventions
Group Interventions
Team-Based Wraparound Interventions
Inte
rven
tionAssessm
ent
Adapted from T. Scott, 2004
Multiple Perspectives
Observations, FBA
Multiple settings
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Number of Secondary/Tertiary Interventions Reported - 04-05
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Full Implementation PartialImplementation
No-SET Data
Level of Implementation
Nu
mb
er
of
Inte
rve
nti
on
s
Re
po
rte
d
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Average Self-Report on Secondary/Tertiary Intervention Impact (Scale from 1- 6)
4.35
4.4
4.45
4.5
4.55
4.6
4.65
Full Implementation PartialImplementation
No SET Total Average
Level of Implementation
Ave
rag
e R
atin
g
2004-2005
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Secondary and Tertiary Interventions Reported on the IL School Profile Form for Fully and Partially Implementing
Schools ( FY05 n = 197; FY06 n = 135)
050
100150200
Fully Implementation Partial Implementation No SET Data
Level of Implementation
2004-05
2005-06
# of
Int
erve
ntio
ns
rep
ort
ed
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Number of Individualized Interventions Reported by Level of Fidelity of PBIS
71
24 33
57
12
020406080
100
SET Met SET Not Met No SET
Level of PBIS Fidelity
# inte
rventi
ons
report
ed Small Group Interventions
Individualized Interventions
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A Unique Secondary Example…
AA males (26) ; 30% of schools ODR’s Function: Attention/recognition (24) High status mentors from community Instruction on individual goals Modeling social/emotional
skills/responses “Built in” reinforcement (attention from
high status adults)
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Teaching Excellence Academics Motivation
(TEAM) Meetings to discuss goals Meetings monthly with a speaker from the community to
discuss topics such as: Respect Peer Pressure Pride Discipline Goal Setting Importance of School School/Athletes Personal Experiences
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Guest Speakers
Sept: Dr. Maurice P. (U of I Professor) Oct: Mr. Joe S. (State Farm Insurance) Nov: Reverend D. (Talks Mentoring) Jan: Mr. Jonathan W. (Champ. Police Officer) Feb: Mr. C. (School Superintendent) Mar: Mr. Verdell J. (Basketball Camp Director) April: Glenn M. (Computer Programmer) May: Mr. Tracy L. (President of Urban League)
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Community Outings/Incentives
•University of Illinois vs. Michigan football game
•University of Illinois vs. Wisconsin basketball game
•Bowling at GT’s Western Bowl
•Chicago Bulls vs. Cleveland Cavaliers basketball game
•Thanksgiving Dinner
•Christmas Celebration/Gathering
•Parkland College tour/class observation
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Results of Secondary Intervention TEAM members represented 19% of all discipline
referrals, (baseline was 26%) 88% (21) had improved behavior/academics Three (3) attained honor roll status
SOC components embedded in intervention: Cultural relevancy Unique Strengths/needs approach Community resources integrated
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Does School-wide PBIS increase School’s capacity to identify MH needs and reach out to families in a timely manner?
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MH Integration Opportunity at Secondary Level
Screening for MH needs not “caught” via ODR’s
i. Use of SSBDii. Connections with families early on
Social skills instruction for at-risk studentsi. More likely to succeed as part of systemic
processii. Cool tools can be scheduled as follow-up to
ensure transference and generalization
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Does School-wide PBIS increase School’s abilities to effectively educate students with more complex needs?
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
% Students % Referrals
Mean Percentage of Students by Major ODRs 04-05 673 schools Grades K-6 (292,021 students)
6+ ODRs
'2-5 ODRs
'0-1 ODRs
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
% Students % Referrals
Mean Percentage of Students by Major ODRs 04-05 255 schools Grades 6-9 (170,700 students)
Series3
Series2
Series1
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%Students % Referrals
Mean Percentage of Students by Major ODRs 04-05 67 schools, Grades 9-12 (62,244 students)
6+ ODRs
'2-5 ODRs
'0-1 ODRs
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Continuum of Support for Secondary-Tertiary Level Systems
Targeted group interventions (BEP, Check and Connect, social or academic skills groups, tutor/homework clubs, etc)
Targeted group with a unique feature for an individual student
Individualized function based behavior support plan for a student focused on one specific problem behavior
Behavior Support Plan across all settings (ie: home and school)
Wraparound: More complex and comprehensive plan that address multiple life domain issues across home, school and community (i.e. basic needs, MH treatment as well as beahvior/academic intervemtions)
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Need for MH Integration…… Age 10 male in BD Class Excellent teacher; good progress Teacher frustrated; can’t get him “out”
more Incidents decrease in frequency but
NOT in intensity (hits head on wall; screams “hates himself”)
Needs other supports to deal with past trauma he has experienced?
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Missed Opportunity for Positive Behavior
Support….?? Kindergartner; tantrums; hurts small animals
In principal’s office by noon daily “Waiting” to be accepted for MH
assessment No FBA/BIP done
Although “transitions” were a known trigger School became immobilized by the “setting
events” (i.e. possible psychiatric disorder)
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Planning at the Tertiary Level
Facilitator Skills
Emphasis onUnique Strengths
Emphasis onMultiple Life
Domain Needs
The Art of EngagementFamily VoiceBlending Perspectives
Science of InterventionsData-Based Decision-making viaFBASIMEO
Team-Building:Home, School and Community
Individualized Planning Supports Across Multiple Life Domains
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Facilitate/guide an individualized team planning process Family/student/teacher ownership of plan Access full range of school and community support
services across life domains Home, school, community settings Individualized academic and behavior interventions are
integrated into comprehensive wraparound plans.
Tertiary Level System Components
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Individualized Teams at the Tertiary Level
Are unique to the individual child & family Blend the family’s supports with
the school representatives who know the child best
Meeting Process Meet frequently Regularly develop & review
interventions Facilitator Role
Role of bringing team together Role of blending perspectives
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What is Wraparound?
Wraparound is a process for developing
family-centered teams and plans that are
strength and needs based (not deficit based)
across multiple settings and life domains.
Wraparound plans include natural supports,
are culturally relevant, practical and realistic.
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What is Wraparound?(cont’d)
Blending perspectives of team members
results in a variety of traditional and
nontraditional strategies that are directly
linked to agreed upon outcomes.
The wraparound process creates a
context for effective implementation of
research-based behavioral, academic and
clinical interventions.
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Wraparound and PBIS
The wraparound process is a key component on the continuum of a school-wide system of PBIS.
Value-base: Quality of Life; Voice/Ownership
Data-based Decision-Making: Efficient & Effective Actions
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Value Base
Build on strengths to meet needs One family-one plan Increased parent choice Increased family independence Support for youth in context of families Support for families in context of community Unconditional: Never give up
P.Miles, 2004
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Implementing Wraparound :Key Elements Needed for Success
Engaging students, families & teachers Team development & team ownership Ensuring student/family/teacher voice
Getting to real (big) needs
Effective interventions Serious use of strengths Natural supports Focus on needs vs. services
Monitoring progress & sustaining System support buy-in
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used with individual students
plans reflect voice, priorities of youth and family
based on unique youth and family needs
culturally relevant teams and plans
built upon youth, family and provider strengths
uses traditional and non-traditional interventions
encompasses multiple life domains
Features of Wraparound:
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Features of Wraparound (cont.):
resources are blended; must be flexible
services are planned, implemented, and
evaluated by a team
team supports youth, family and
providers
unconditional - if the plan doesn’t work,
change the plan
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Wraparound
Is: An ongoing planning
process used by A team of people Who come together Around family strengths &
needs To create a unique plan of
interventions & supports Based upon a process of
unconditional care – no blame, no shame
Is not: A set of services A one or two time meeting A special education
evaluation An individual school
counselor who links with the family or student
The presence of flexible funds
Only for families and students we judge as “workable”
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Four Phases of Wraparound Implementation
Team Preparation Get people ready to be a team Complete strengths/needs chats
Initial Plan Development Hold initial planning meetings Develop a team “culture”
Plan Implementation & Refinement Hold team meetings to review plans Modify, adapt & adjust team plan
Plan Completion & Transition Define good enough “Unwrap”
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Can teams use data-based decision-making to prioritize needs, design strategies, & monitor progress of the child/family team?
more efficient teams, meetings, and plans? less reactive (emotion-based) actions? more strategic actions?more effective outcomes?longer-term commitment to maintain success?
DATA: The BIG Question
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Example of
Getting to Strengths and Needs at Baseline
Using Data and Voice & Choice
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“Roman”Using the Data to get to Strengths and Needs
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Baseline 3 months 6 months
Controls Anger Has friends Gets along with children
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Baseline 3 months 6 months
Controls Anger Has friends Gets along with children
Home School
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Challenges: Engaging the “disengaged” (youth,family, teacher…) Differentiating between needs & services
Professionals wanting family to “comply”
Keeping team strength-focused while problem-solving
Family unable/unwilling to identify natural supports
Staying “at the table” long enough to get change
Using data-based decision-making to design interventions
Incongruent system habits (“schools can’t do that”)
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Coaching: Keeping the team “working”
Even if the placement changes Don’t let one “sub-system” dominate Have the team embrace them as partners
“Better reintegration plan” As expectations change (i.e. academics)
Be in classroom>>>to participate like others Give him choices (“He surprises us”)
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Jacob
Reasons for Wrap ReferralBaseline
Poor school attendanceTardinessRefusal to participate in 2nd grade classroom activities. Did work independently in office/partial school days.Previous hospitalization (Bipolar Disorder)Retention – currently repeating 2nd grade yearFailing GradesFamily Support Needs
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“Jacob”Home/School/Community ToolGetting to Strengths & Needs at Baseline: Family Voice
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“Jacob”
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“Jacob”
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“Jacob”
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“Jacob”Educational Information ToolTime 3
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Example of Advanced Skill Set:
How to recognize when teams are trying to make parents “comply” with interventions
How to redirect teams back to the big need and other ways to accomplish it
How to keep the team at the “table”, even through the ups and downs
IL TOT Aug ‘06
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Functional Assessment Pathway
Setting EventTriggeringEvent or
Antecedent
Problem Behavior
MaintainingConsequence
THE FUNCTION“Get something”“Get away from
Something”
IT-F
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When the Setting Event is perceived to be out of their control, the team often becomes immobilized
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SIMEO FY 2006 Study Cohort Placement Risk
1.3
1.78
1.5
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
Baseline Time2 Time 3N=10N=19N=19
High Risk
Low/No Risk
Baseline-Time 2: P<.08, t=1.84, df=18; Time 2-Time 3: P<.443, t=.802, df=9; Base-Time3: P<.193; t=1.40, df=9
26% Decrease
14% Decrease
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School Risk Behaviors Substantially Decline for Student Engaged in Wrap
0.5
2.37
3.87
2.84
0.79
1.38
0
1
2
3
4
Baseline (n=19) Time 2 (n=19) Time 3 (n=8)
ODRs
OSSs
Avg
# o
f ep
iso
des
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Po sitiv e C la ssro o m Be h a v io r & A c a d e m ic A c h ie v e m e n t Lin k e d
2 .8
2 .2 12 .4 5
2 .8 3
2 .1 92 .1 3
1
2
3
4
B a se lin e ( n = 2 6 ) Tim e 2 ( n = 2 6 ) Tim e 3 ( n = 1 2 )
C la ssro o m B e h a v io r Fu n c t io n in g A c a d e m ic A c h ie v e m e n t
Always
Never
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SIMEO FY 2006: Home School Community-ToolEmotional Functioning Sub-Scale
2.98
2.36
2.54 2.79
2.462.15
3.04
1.9
2.38
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Baseline Time2 Time 3
Community Home School
N=10N=21N=21
High Strength
High Need
Somewhat Need
Somewhat Strength
Red= Statistically Significant Changes
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Building Capacity for Wraparoundin Schools
Establish full-continuum of PBIS in schools
Identify and train facilitators
Train other school personnel about wrap
teams
Ongoing practice refinement and skill
development
Review data around outcomes of teams
and plans
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Methods of Coaching Facilitators
Wrap meeting preparation session Observational feedback of wrap meeting Co-facilitation of wrap meeting Face-to-face task/skill set meeting Role play Debriefing after wrap meetings Case review with other facilitators Group mentoring/consultation Telephone question/answering sessions
Worcester, MA
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What’s Different for Practitioners (schools)?
•Data-based decision-making across settings/life domains.•Integrated teams with MH and other community partners •Natural supports and unique strengths are
emphasized in team and plan development. • Youth/family access, voice, ownership are
critical features. • Plans include supports for adults/family as well as youth.
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What’s New with SOC/Wraparound?
Skill set specificity Focus on intervention design/effectiveness Integration with school-wide PBS Phases to guide
implementation/supervision Data-based decision-making (tools) Integrity/fidelity assessment (tools)
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Challenges at Tertiary Level
Requires complex skills Need to find internalizers sooner (SSBD) Data is buried in family/student stories Capacity to stay “at the table” long enough to
effect change Engage key players, Establish voice and ownership Translate stories into data to guide plans
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How We Build Local Capacity:Develop Coaching Capacity
Coaches are school personnel who have:
Fluency with systems & practices Capacity to delivery high level technical
assistance Capacity to sustain teams in efforts to
implement systems & practices
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Why Redefine Staff Roles to Coach?
Sustainability & Accountability
Hands-on technical assistance Guide problem solving Local training Team start-up & sustainability Public relations/communications Support local leadership Local coordination of resources Provide prompts & reinforcers
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Examples of Coaches Roles:
PRACTICES•Support use of effective practices•Leadership on targeted and intensive (wraparound)•Develop behavioral, wraparound skills in school personnel
DATAAssist with data analysis and use of data• collection strategies and priorities/focus for analysis• revise current strategies• decision-making strategies
SYSTEM• Prepare Teams for Training• Support Team Leaders over time• Assist with faculty buy-in• Support ongoing team meeting
•structure/agenda/next steps
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PBIS External Coaches by Title over a Two Year Period
31
5
14
119
2224
17 18
12
9
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Clinical Staff DistrictAdmin
District PBISPosition
PBISCoordinators
ROE/ISC Special Ed.Admin
2004
2005
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• Volume• Quality• Consistency• Dosage/practice
Ongoing Staff Development:Components to Consider:
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Building-level Commitments Building-level Commitments
Three-five year focus to get sustainable change
Active administrative support and participation
Administrative leadership for PBIS teams Commitment from staff (80%) Ongoing communication and support with
staff Completion and use of data collection
(discipline and academic data, survey, checklists)
Staff participation in ongoing training
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District Commitments Needed: District leadership team Coaching FTE District Improvement Plan Resources allocated Staff development prioity-ongoing Data collection and use-ongoing Implementation of research-based practices
Specialized services as well as general ed
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Universal Team Training Universal Team Training
Initiating Leadership Team
Developing Action Plan
Engaging ALL Staff & families
Classroom & non-classroom
strategies
Using data to make decisions
Keeping teams moving
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Secondary Level Training
Secondary Level Training
Problem solving structure &
process
Individual or small group
interventions
Functional assessment
Behavior support plans
Academic interventions
Mental health supports
Voice/Ownership (family/teacher)
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Tertiary Level Training Tertiary Level Training
Engaging and supporting families and
teachers
Developing Individualized Teams
Accessing community supports
Mental Health supports
Behavior support plans
Academic interventions
Other life domains (safety, medical,
spiritual…)
Interagency connections
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Resources: (Fixen, et al, 2005)“Implementation Research: A
Synthesis of the Literature http://mim.fmhi.usf.edu
(Kutash et al, 2006) “School-based Mental Health: An
Empirical Guide for Decision-Makers” http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu
(Bazelon Center, 2006)“Way to Go”….School
Success for Children with Mental Health Care Needs www.bazelon.org
www.pbisillinois.org
www.pbis.org