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Sayyid Qutb and the Muslim
Brotherhood
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Sayyid Qutb
قطب
سيد
9 October 1906 – 29 August 1966
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Biographical references
1912-1918 Primary education
1919 Pause in education
1920 Cairo1929 Teachers College
1939 Ministry of Education
1948-1950 U.S.A.1952 Enrolls in the Muslim Brotherhood
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Bibliographical references:
‘Social Justice in Islam’ (1949)‘The Struggle between Islam and Capitalism’ (1951)
‘World Peace and Islam’ (1951)
‘In the Shade of the Qur’an’ (1952-1965)
His most important work is:
‘Signposts on the Road’ (1964)
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• „The American is primitive in his artistic taste‟
• „The American‟s intoxicating “Jazz” music doesnot reach its full completion until the music is
accompanied by singing‟
• „The American girl is well acquainted with herbody‟s seductive capacity…and does not hide it‟
• „…numb to faith in religion, faith in art, faith in
spiritual values altogether‟
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The Muslim Brotherhood
لمموخو ن
est. 1928
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Hassan al-Banna
ل هح
14 October 1906 – 12 February 1949
Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood
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• He was placed in charge of the weekly ‘ Al-Ikhwan
al-Muslimin’ and later of the Section for the
Propagation of the Call and Publishing.• He was drawn to the Brotherhood because he
shared the same views of a true Islamic vision and
intent to make the vision reality.• He was a moralist trying to understand the reasons
of the current situation and urge to a greater
awareness of ethical norms.
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1952
•
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970) overthrewthe pro-Western government.
• Apparently Nasser was drawn to Qutb and
they had for the time being a good workrelationship.
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The Liberation Rally
Political party formed after the ban on any other parties and
was intended to mobilize the popular support for the newregime.
Their requests were:
Unconditional withdrawal of the British from the Canal zone;
Self-determination for Sudan;
Establishment of a socialist wlefare state;
Pan-Arabism;
Instalation of a Constitution guaranteiing civic liberties.
It dissolved after the clash with the Muslim Brotherhood in
Cairo, 1954.
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1954-55
• The Brotherhood was banned and Qutb was
arrested along with other important figures butwere soon released.
• Nasser’s attempted assassination in October.
• He was arrested again and sentenced to 15 years
of labour.
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Signposts along the Road (1964)
This is his most important work that he wrote during his
imprisonment time.
One very important notion in this work is that of
Jahilyyiaa. It is best described as the state of ignorance
of the guidance of God, a state in which also the pre-Islamic Arabs found themselves.
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…another critical factor was the method …they
[n.b. the first generation] did not study the
Qur‟an for the purpose of obtaining informationor refinement, or for taste or pleasure…to
increase knowledge for its own sake or to address
outstanding issues. Instead they studied to learnwhat God commands,…to immediately put such
instruction into practice…This understanding-
that knowledge is for action- opened vistas of
delight an perception…
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Humanity today is standing at the brink of an
abyss…because humanity is bankrupt in the realm
of „values‟… Humanity must have newleadership!... Islam alone possesses such values…
Islam is unable to perform this role…unless it is
actualized in society or in a community…
How should the process of reviving Islam begin?
There must be vanguard committed to this
undertaking, to stay the course and navigate a
vast sea of jahiliyya that has taken root in everregion on earth.
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It is clear that the entire world today exists in a
state o jahiliyya…it ascribes to men Allah‟s sovereignty and makes some men masters of the
others…by way of arrogating to humankind the
right to establish ideas and values, laws and statues, systems and conventions that are entirely
detached from the heedless of the way of life
prescribed by God.
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Everything around us is jahilyya: people‟s ideas,
their beliefs, their habits, their traditions, the sources of their culture, their art, their literature,
rules and laws. Even all that we have come to
consider Islamic culture…are all products of jahiliyya.
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1954-1966
• In May he was released from prison after 11
years.
• He became adviser of a Brotherhood’s group.
• In August 65’ he was again arrested.
• 12 April He was convicted;
•
21 April He was sentenced to death;• 29 April Qutb was killed.