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Satellite SupportFor
Climate Change Studies
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Satellite Support for Climate Change Studies
Badri Younes, NASA Deputy Associate Administrator
for Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
December 11, 2009
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Further, using the same instrument, rather than copies,
insures consistent data.
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Satellites provide the only platforms capable of
covering the entire earth (note swaths do not overlap)
with the same instrument
and providing temporal well as spatial coverage.
Overview
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Considering alternative methods –
multiple ground stations,
multiple rocket launches,
multiple ships and aircraft on station, etc.-
Satellites are the most cost-effective way of monitoringthe state and health of our planet – without having to constantly cross-calibrate a vast collection of similar, or different, instruments..
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Overview
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Overview
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Examples shown previously include:
Biosphere production Aerosols Radiant Energy Air Pollution Temperature Water Vapour
There are others; all pertinent to monitoring the state, and the health, of our planet.
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Overview
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Satellites Monitor Parameters Globally
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Night lights visible from space indicate populated areas7
Population Monitoring
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Fires in Guatemala and MexicoPopulation model based on proximity to roads, slope*, land cover*,
nighttime lights*, and other information. (*from satellite data)8
Population Monitoring
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Satellite-Derived Land Usage
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Seasonal Land Cover Change
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Deforestation
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1987 – Drought, agriculture and overgrazing pushed an area towards desertification.
1999 – Sidi Toui National Park (Tunisia)established in 1993 and fenced, native Grassland revived (winter image).
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Desertification Reversed
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Plant Health - August
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Plant Health - February
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Dan Irwin’s Presentation of SERVIR to the Presidents of Central America and Mexico 15
Biosphere Productivity
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Arctic Sea Ice Mapping
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Daily Arctic Sea Ice – Summer 2009
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Seasonal Minimum Arctic Sea Ice Extent
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Arctic Sea Ice Trends
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Greenland's ice fields have also been mapped and its ice flows identified – with satellite-borne Radar
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Greenland's Ice Fields
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Satellite Radar Techniques are Confirmed by GPS on-ice Measurements
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Monitoring Greenland's Ice Flow
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RADARSAT produced the first image of all of Antarctica 21
Antarctic Ice Cap Map
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Additional Observations produced Ice flow Maps
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Antarctic Ice Cap Flows
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Shuttle Radar Topology Mission covered between +/- 60° latitude and penetrated most of the vegetation and all of the clouds.
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Global Topology – Areas at Risk
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Global Topology – Areas at Risk
ASTER on TERRA covered between +/- 83° latitude but did not penetrate vegetation or clouds.
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Weather Prediction and Climate Variables
Geosynchronous Weather Satellites Track Weather Systems worldwide
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Ozone – Action Needed
A Growing Antarctic Ozone “hole” admitted more UV to the Southern Hemisphere
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Ozone – Action Taken
The Montreal Protocol,effective Jan. 1, 1989,reduced global CFCproduction
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Ozone – Results
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Summary
Satellites provide data necessaryto monitor environmental change
over the entire globe, including climate change.
Radio Spectrum is requiredto return data from
ALL environment-monitoring satellites, regardless of their instrumentation.
Radio Spectrum is necessary to provide unique observations
of some environmental parameters and is critical to monitoring polar regions.
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