![Page 1: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Management
Steve GruberDennis KingDavid Moore
![Page 2: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
![Page 3: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework
Impairment Identified Sedimentation of the lagoon
Ecosystem Services Lost – Loss of Saltwater Marsh
Regulatory Driver – TMDL Quantify Waste Load Allocations
Identify Numeric Targets
Implementation Plan for Restoration Blueprint Meet Waste Load Allocations
Restore Beneficial Uses of the Lagoon
Ecosystem Services to Prioritize Restoration Alternatives
![Page 4: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
National Wetland Inventory - 1985
![Page 5: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
National Wetland Inventory - 2009
![Page 6: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ecosystem Services Lost Wildlife habitat
Endangered species protection
Recreational uses (hiking, birding, boating)
Fisheries (shellfish harvesting)
Aesthetic value
Education & research
Flood protection
![Page 7: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Los Peñasquitos LagoonSediment/Siltation TMDLLos Peñasquitos Lagoon
Sediment/Siltation TMDL
TMDL = WLAs + LAs + MOS
Source
Current
Load
(tons)
Historical
Load
(tons)
Load
Reduction
(tons)
Percent
Reduction
Required
TMDL 13,663 12,360 1,303 10%
Watershed
Contribution
(WLA)
7,719 2,580 5,139 67%
Ocean
boundary
(LA)
5,944 9,780+3,836
(increase)
+39%
(increase)
![Page 8: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Three Major Drainages to Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
![Page 9: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Numerous Stakeholders
City of San DiegoCity of PowayCity of Del MarCounty of San DiegoCaltransCA State ParksLagoon Foundation
![Page 10: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Increasing Population in the Watershed
![Page 11: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Increasing Urbanization Leads to Larger Flows
![Page 12: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydromodification
![Page 13: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Streambank Erosion
![Page 14: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mining Operations
![Page 15: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regulatory Process
USEPA
(CWA)
SWRCB
303(d)
RWQCB
TMDL
Stakeholders
Third Party
TMDL
Implementation
PlanWLA
Goals &
Numeric
Targets
Lagoon
Restoration
1996 2006
2011-2012 2011-2031
2007-2011
![Page 21: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ecosystem Services: Are the beneficial outcomes of ecosystem
functions
Include such things as clean air and water, flood control, various active and passive use values, and aesthetic and other “non-use values”
Are often taken for granted as free
Are often left out of important decisions
![Page 22: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Building Blocks of Ecosystem Services & Values
Features
• Saltwater Marsh
Functions
• Wildlife Habitat
• Flood Control
Services
• Endangered Species Protection
• Reduced Property Damage
Values
• Value of Endangered Species
• Property Damage Avoided
![Page 23: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Flow of Information About Ecosystem Services
Decision-making
Change in Features and
Functions
Change in Ecosystem Services
Change in Ecosystem Value
Changes in ecological
production functions
Applications of
economic valuation methods
Investments to protect/
restore ecosystemsInformation &
Incentives
![Page 24: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Key Questions
What features of ecosystems support functions that generate valuable ecosystem services?
What changes & trends in features & functions are affecting ecosystem services?
What policies & investments will favorably affect these changes & trends?
How much will those policies & investments cost?
How should we decide among restoration alternatives?
![Page 25: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cost-Effectiveness/Incremental Cost Analysis
Cost Effectiveness Analysis Is used to ensure that the least cost alternative is
identified for each possible level of output (e.g., production of ecosystem services)
Incremental Cost Analysis Reveals the additional cost of achieving increasing
output
Presents tradeoffs for policy makers to determine whether the increase in output is worth the additional cost
![Page 26: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Illustration: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Plan Total CostEcosystem
Services
No-action $0 0
Plan A $20,000 40
Plan B $10,000 40
Plan C $15,000 45
Plan D $15,000 55
Plan E $42,000 105
Plan F $40,000 110
Plans are sorted in order of increasing output
![Page 27: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cost-Effectiveness Frontier
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
To
tal
Co
st
Ecosystem Services
B
D
F
No-
action
Wasteful
Unattainable
A
C
E
![Page 28: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Incremental Cost Analysis
Plan CostOutput
(Ecosystem Services)
Incremental Cost
Incremental Output
Incremental Cost per Unit
Ecosystem Service (ES)
No-action $0 0 NA NA NA
Plan B $10,000 40 $10,000 40 $250/ES
Plan D $15,000 55 $5,000 15 $333/ES
Plan F $40,000 110 $25,000 55 $455/ES
Only cost-effective plans are carried forward for Incremental Cost Analysis.
![Page 29: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Decision-making Summary
Identify, measure and, where necessary, rank and weight ecosystem services
Identify outcome and cost thresholds
Conduct cost effectiveness and incremental cost analysis
Screen out clearly inferior alternatives
Present tradeoffs for policy makers to consider when choosing among alternatives
![Page 30: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework
Impairment Identified Sedimentation of the lagoon
Ecosystem Services Lost – Loss of Saltwater Marsh
Regulatory Driver – TMDL Quantify Waste Load Allocations
Identify Numeric Targets
Implementation Plan for Restoration Blueprint Meet Waste Load Allocations
Restore Beneficial Uses of the Lagoon
Ecosystem Services to Prioritize Restoration Alternatives
![Page 31: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 33: Role of Ecosystem Services in Watershed Managementconference.ifas.ufl.edu/NCER2011/Presentations/Wednesday/Harbor… · Ecosystem Services within the Regulatory Framework Impairment](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa00f1f38726c3626045695/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)