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Rock Physics
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Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
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Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
The stack is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
Where is the Gas?
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Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi
This log is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
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Nphi Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids GR
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob
Lithology/Fluid
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob
Porosity
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
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Nphi Rhob Lith/Phi/FluidsLithology/Fluids
Porosity
Petrophysics, Logs
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Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
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Amplitude Variations
with Offset,
AVO
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RecordingSystem
Seismic Sources
t2
t3
GeophoneArray
t1
Location
of gather
Offset
CMP Gather
t2
t3
t1
The PSTM CDP Gather
In the PSTM CDP gather, at any given time, each offset samples the
same subsurface point but does so at different angles.
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Am
pli
tud
e
sin2θθθθ
P (intercept)
Offset
Seismic Gather
tG (slope)
AVO Gradient Analysis
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Am
pli
tud
e
sin2θθθθ
AVO Analysis
Full Stack
P (Y Intercept)
G (Slope)
Normal Incidence Section
AVO Gradient Section
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Normal Incidence (P)
Seismic Petrophysics
Where are the sands?
Gas?
Porosity?
AVO Gradient (G)
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0,0
G
P P
Stack
G
Stack
Crossplot of P and G
What does this crossplot mean
In terms of:
Lithology?
Porosity?
Fluids?
![Page 22: Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft PowerPoint - Rock Physics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: pbailey Created Date: 10/29/2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5add06817f8b9aa5088c4b1e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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LithSeis®
Modeling Methodology
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Conventional Seismic Modeling
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Conventional Seismic Modeling
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Seismic Petrophysics
GR RT DT Rhob Nphi
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion
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GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion Forward Modeling
Seismic Petrophysics
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GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi Seismic
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion Forward Modeling
Seismic Petrophysics
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Lith/Phi/Fluids Seismic Model / Stack
Seismic Petrophysics
Logs
Forward Model
Inversion
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CDP 1
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CDP 11
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CDP 22
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CDP 33
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CDP 44
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Rock Modeling Summary
P GGathers
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1000 Models
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From Shale to a 6% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
6%
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From Shale to a 10% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
10%
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From Shale to a 14% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
14%
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From Shale to a 18% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
18%
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From Shale to a 22% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
22%
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26%
From Shale to a 26% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
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From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
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From Shale to a 34% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
34%
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From Shale to a 38% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
38%
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From Shale to a 42% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
42%
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From Shale to a 46% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
46%
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Laminated Sands
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From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
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From Shale to a 30% Porosity,Laminated Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
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Thickness
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
4ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
4ms
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
8ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
8ms
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
12ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
12ms
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
16ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
16ms
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
20ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
20ms
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Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
All Thicknesses
Distance
Thickness
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Results of:
1000’s Models
100’s data Sets
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Rocks vs. Distance & Direction
Function of?
Lithology
Fluids
Thickness
Elliptical Distance Direction
Function of?
Porosity
Blocky or Laminated
Infers Depositional Facies
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How does this fit with
reality?
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AVO Type Tendencies
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Seismic Petrophysical WorkflowP Section
G Section
Lithology Section
AVO Types Section
P vs. G
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Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
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Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
The stack is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
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GasGas
Gas
GasGas
Gas
Seismic Lithology/AVO Response
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
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Examples
Depositional Facies
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Lithology/Fluid and AVO Types
Lithology AVO Type
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
![Page 67: Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft PowerPoint - Rock Physics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: pbailey Created Date: 10/29/2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5add06817f8b9aa5088c4b1e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
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Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
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G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
AVO Type Response, Surface
![Page 69: Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft PowerPoint - Rock Physics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: pbailey Created Date: 10/29/2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5add06817f8b9aa5088c4b1e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
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LithSeis Data, Section Views
Lithology AVO Type
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
![Page 70: Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft PowerPoint - Rock Physics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: pbailey Created Date: 10/29/2015](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081521/5add06817f8b9aa5088c4b1e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
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4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface
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AVO Type Response, Surface
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Conclusion
Think in terms of
Lithology, Porosity
and fluids
not
wiggles and
impedances and
instantaneous
attributes.