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Roaring 20'sThe Depression
The Rise of Fascist and Nazi States
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Following World War I• Countries renounced war• Encouraged international cooperation • In Europe recovery from the war was slow
• Backed by loans and other assistance from U.S.
• *In the United States during the 1920’s• The economy boomed• Industry grew• People were happy
• Dangerous under current of over-production
Sec.1& 2
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1920’s in U.S.
• *WWI caused• Factories to expand• People moved from rural to
cities• Blacks migrated to north
• *After War• Factories retooled• Incomes rose• Sales and manufacture of consumer goods rose
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Automobile’s *Ripple Effect
• Model T price dropped from $850 to $290• More jobs industries making parts for cars• More roads• New industries centered around the car motels,
service stations, tourist traps• Installment buying, buy now pay later
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1920’s Society• Prohibition 1/15/20 18th Amendment• *Women’s place
• Suffrage 19th Amendment 1920• Work place changes due to the war• Appliances make house work easier creating free time
• *Cars • Created suburbs• Causing the nation to shrink
• Red scare 1919-20• Limited immigration
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1920’s Sports, Arts and Fads
• Babe Ruth 60 homers 30yr record• First talking movie “Jazz Singer” 1927• Radio 1st in Pittsburgh 1920 by 1929, over
10 million • Jazz combines African rhythms with European
harmonies• Literature criticized American society
• Ernest Hemingway “Farewell to Arms” and F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby”
• Lucky Lindy was the greatest hero flew NY to Paris in 33 1/2hrs.
• Fads: flag pole sitting gold fish swallowing• *Flapper…young women rebels…lipstick, short
dresses (just below the knees)
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Flag Pole Sitting
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Conditions in Britain and France
Britain• Overseas trade lost• In deep dept• Irish Rebellion 1916• Former colonies
become independent• Canada, Australia,
New Zealand and So. Africa
France• Recovered faster due
to• Reparations• Territories recovered• Decentralized
industries• Maginot Line
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*U.S. Economics
• Stock market soared Bull Market, • Many people bought stocks on the
margin. • Consumer debt rose 250% by 1929
• Farmers saw prices drop with demand after the war
• Labor unions were not supported by the government• Union membership dropped by 30%
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*The Great Depression
• Created financial turmoil• Widespread suffering
throughout the industrialized world. • Businesses closed• Global trade declined• Unemployment and poverty
grew to unprecedented levels.
• New deal… Economic & Social reform
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Fascism in Italy• Benito Mussolini and his
Fascist party established the first totalitarian state• Took advantage of economic
and political unrest
• *Fascism is rooted in • Extreme nationalism• Glorified action
• Violence, discipline, and, above all, loyalty to the state.
• March on Rome 1922• Emmanuel III
Sec. 3
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*Totalitarian Rule
Used by Stalin and Hitler as a model1. Single party dictatorship2. State control of the economy3. Used secret police and terror to enforce will4. Strict censorship5. Used schools and media to indoctrinate
citizens6. Unquestioned obedience to single leader
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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
• *Germany’s Weimar Republic was weakened• Political disunity and runaway inflation• Blamed for the hated Versailles treaty
• War-guilt and reparations clauses
• *Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party• Appealed to extreme nationalism• Anti-Semitism• Anti-Communism• Resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
U. S. needed cash, investments in Germany stopped
Sec.4
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*Hitler’s Third Reich• Establish a totalitarian state
• Using terror, repression, and one-party rule
• Controlled all areas of Germany life• Government, Religion, Schools
• The SS troops enforced • The secret police (Gestapo)
terrorized• Combined with SS in April of 1936
• Most cheered• Ended unemployment• Revived German power• Public works
Heinrich Himmler
Hermann Goering
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Purging German Culture• Textbooks rewritten to reflect Nazi views• Banned books burned• Considered Christianity weak and flabby
• Muzzled the clergy• Closed church schools
"Youth Serves the Führer. All 10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
Membership in the Hitler Youth had become mandatory in 1936.
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Campaign Against the Jews
• *Nuremberg Laws prohibited• marriage to non Jews• Teaching in German schools• Holding Government jobs• Practicing law or medicine• Publishing books• Were not considered citizens of
the Reich• Hitler used the Jews as
scapegoats
“*Night of Broken Glass"
In two days, over 1,000 synagogues were burned, 7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and looted, dozens of Jewish
people were killed, and Jewish cemeteries, hospitals, schools,
and homes were looted
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Authoritarian Rule Grows in Eastern Europe
• A dozen Ethnic countries were carved out of the Old Hapsburg, Ottoman and parts of the Russian and German empires.
• People were not accustomed to a slow moving democracy
• Gave up their freedoms for something to eat• Stalin and Hitler divide Eastern Europe