Download - Ridgeline Meteorological Sensor Network
Ridgeline Meteorological Sensor Network
Stephen Copeland, Xau Moua, Joseph Lane, Robert Akerson
Client: Doug Taylor, John Deere Renewables
Advisors: Dr. Manimaran Govindarasu, Dr.Venkataramana Ajjarapu
Small scout towers capable of wirelessly transmitting measurements to large MET towers.
Wireless communication via radio transceivers on scout tower and MET tower.
Built-in mesh networking protocol
Project Plan
Design Scope
Signal Converter
Microcontroller and Wireless Shield
MicrocontrollerArduinoRuns programmed code to send and receive data on mesh networkWireless ShieldXbee Provides easy form of adapter from transceiver to arduino due to header misalignment.
Transceiver and Antenna
TransceiverXbee-PRO digimesh 900Provides mesh protocolTransmits data to other node
Antenna7" ½ wave dipole, bulkhead mount, RPSMA connectorOmni-directional transmission of data
Wind SensorsWind Vane NRG#200P Provides wind direction Angle from North=(360’/Vin)*VoutVout ranging from 0 to Vin
AnemometerNRG#40CProvides wind speedGenerates a sine wave whose frequency determines wind speed
Sensor Circuitry
Used to transform the Sine wave output from the Anemometer into a square wave which provides the arduino with a frequency that represents the measured wind speed.
Sensor Circuitry Cont.
Scout Tower Code Reads the Voltage
Signal at selected pins of the Arduino
Aggregates data at a user specified interval
Arduino CodeAnemometer Output Signal
Measures Pulse Width
Converts Pulse Width to Wind
Speed
Sends Wind Speed to Serial
Port
Central transceiver code Receives data from all
other nodes in the mesh network
Aggregates all of the data Prints new data set to a
text file
Arduino Code cont.
Reads Signal From
Transceivers
Sends Data To Computer
Averages Wind Speed Data
Sensor Testing PCB Functionality Testing Range Evaluations
◦ Elevated testing locations north of Ames Power consumption
◦ Use of multi meters to measure current and voltage levels
Microcontroller◦ Basic data communication
Testing
Self Healing◦ Selected modules turned off during transmission
Security◦ Encryption of data being transmitted
Latency◦ Receiving rate vs. data size
Casing◦ Shock, vibration, realistic impact, and contact
with water, ice, and snow.
Further Testing
We connected the anemometer directly to an oscilloscope
Signal amplitude and frequency increases as wind speed increases
Sensor Testing Anemometer Results
We connected the wind vane to 5V power supply
Oscilloscope gives output voltage over time
Voltage varies as wind vane changes direction from 0 to 360 degrees
Sensor Testing Wind Vane Results
Able to obtain a sine wave from the anemometer
Outputs a square wave with a frequency relative to the actual wind speed
PCB Functionality Testing and Anemometer Results
Wind speed in mph Top node 1 Middle node 2 Both sampled and
averaged every 10 seconds
Bottom average of node 1 and 2 calculated every 10 seconds
Aggregated Data Simulation
Successful interfacing to the sensors and PCB for gathering of data
Aggregation of data from sensors
Storage of data as MPH in a text file from output
Microcontroller Results
Found optimal frequency of our antennas to be marker 1
Freq= 896.247MHz
Antenna Results
marker 1freq=896.2473 MHzdB(S(1,1))=13.97
marker 2freq=1.8014 GHzdB(S(1,1))=13.66
We attached sensors to the roof of Coover Hall.
Successful transmission of data to motors lab from two nodes on roof
Simulated rugged terrain at Veenker golf course north of campus
Achieved an approximate range of 0.8 Km between nodes.
Results for Rough Terrain Testing
Tested North of Ames on a flat gravel road
Achieved an approximate range of 1.75Km
Results for Range Testing
We spliced the USB cable between the device and PC
Connected inner USB wiring to a multi meter
Through the use of P=I*V we determined the required power to be around 0.5 Watts
Power Consumption Results
Placement of four nodes at a certain distance preventing direct communication between first and last node
Upon the removal of a middle node from the system the line of communication is not broken
Self Healing Results
Receiving Node
Node 1
Node 3
Node 2
User
128-bit encryption is incorporated in the protocol for the transceivers
Client required only verification of encryption setting in transceivers
Security and Latency Results
Node 1 sends current time to node 2 Node 2 computes difference from it’s
current time
Security and Latency Results
Time Synchronized
Time Synchronized
Node 1 Node 2
Security and Latency Results
2 3 4012345678
f(x) = 2.1 x + 0.933333333333335R² = 0.988050784167289
Latency (ms)
Latency (ms)
Linear (Latency (ms))
Number of Nodes
Tim
e (m
s)
2 nodes 3 nodes 4 nodes2.9ms 5.4ms 7.1ms
Remained water tight under running water
Absorbed force from hammer without damage to the inner components
Withstood 6℉ without damage
Case Testing Results
Consists of sections of PVC and Brass connectors to ensure stability for the sensors
Nema-4 enclosure Clamped to vent pipes
on the roof of Coover Hall
Mounting System
Cost of Product
Task Breakdown
Fall Semester Project Schedule
Utilizes aggregated wind speed from the roof of Coover
USB interface with transceiver and Desktop PC
Uses Labview Software to run motor Motor is coupled to a wind turbine which
simulates wind power generation.
EE 491 Wind Turbine Project
EE491 Wind Turbine Project cont.
http://seniord.ece.iastate.edu/may1101
Use of renewable energy power source (wind or solar) Integration of CFD into calculations for Wind Turbine
project Addition of more sensors to device
◦ GPS units◦ Temperature Sensors◦ BarometersThis would allow for better analysis of potential wind generation
locations
Recommendations
Leland Harker, ISU Parts Shop Senior Design Team SD MAY11-01 Doug Taylor, John Deere Brad Luhrs & Bryan Burkhardt , DMACC Dr. Manimaran Govindarasu Dr. Venkataramana Ajjarapu
Acknowledgements
Any Questions?
Thank You