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RI Regulatory Setbacks & Buffers:Coastal Management Issuesg
New England Onsite Wastewater Training Program @ URIOWT 155 - November 29 2012OWT 155 November 29, 2012
Photo: October 30, 2012James Boyd - Coastal Policy Analyst
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Goals for TodayGoals for Today
• Understand the impacts of storms, coastal erosion and sea level rise and the consequences for coastal OWTSq
• Importance of OWTS design and siting for adapting to seas level rise and storm flooding impactsseas level rise and storm flooding impacts
• Importance of coastal setbacks/buffers for OWTS
• Be able to determine the required CRMC setback/buffer
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Why Worry About Coastal Setbacks?
GONE!GONE!
20052007
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Why Worry About Coastal Setbacks?
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Why Worry About Coastal Setbacks?
October 30, 2012
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Coastal ErosionCoastal ErosionHappens During Storms!
Tropical Storms (Hurricanes)Tropical Storms (Hurricanes)Extra-tropical storms (Nor’easters)
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Atlantic Basin Tropical Storm Tracks 1851-2000
Graphic: USGS
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Atlantic Basin Tropical Storm Tracks 2012
Graphic: Weather Underground
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Quonochontaug Headland Quonochontaug PondQuonochontaug Pond
Ninigret PondNinigret PondBlock Island Sound
E t B h B iEast Beach Barrier after Hurricane Carol in 1954
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Misquamicut 2012
Photo: RIDOT October 30, 2012
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Coastal Erosion from Storms
Hurricane Sandy October 2012
Coastal Erosion from Storms
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The Ocean Mist
Circa 1950s
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The Ocean Mist – Matunuck
December 9, 2009
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Now What?
Abandoned CesspoolsCesspools
April 1, 2010
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HEIGHT NOWHEIGHT NOW
Adapted from: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?stnid=8452660%20Newport,%20RI
Boothroyd 2011
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Higher sea levels = more property at riskg p p y
Hurricane Sandy20122012
Graphic courtesy of Jon Boothroyd URI
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Rising sea levels will impact shoreline OWTS!
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OWTS Site Considerations for Storms
Photos: October 30, 2012
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Sea Level Rise Influence on Groundwater
P bl !Problem!
Source: USGS http://wh.er.usgs.gov/slr/coastalgroundwater.html
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Conventional drainfields are of limited use Conventional drainfields are of limited use in high groundwater areasin high groundwater areasin high groundwater areasin high groundwater areas
3.5 ft
Source: RIDEM OWTS Rules, June 2011 Minimum Separation
Distance to GW = 2 - 4 ft
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OWTS designs to overcomeelevated water tableselevated water tables
12”
Source: RIDEM “Guidelines for the Design and Use of Bottomless Sand Filters”November 2001, revised October 2011
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Textile filter to BSF installed in Jamestownon a lot adjacent to Narragansett Bay on a lot adjacent to Narragansett Bay
Photo: New England Onsite Wastewater Training Center @ URI
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Pressurized Shallow Narrow Drainfield
Installed on sloping terrain following the natural contoursInstalled on sloping terrain following the natural contours
Photo: New England Onsite Wastewater Training Center @ URI
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OWTS designs to overcomeelevated water tableselevated water tables
24”
Source: RIDEM “Guidelines for the Design and Use of Sand Filters and Pressurized Shallow-Narrow Drainfields” April 2000, revised June 2011
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What to expect in the future
• Shorelines will continue to erode
• Higher storm surges due to higher sea levels
• Storm surge impacts will be felt farther inland
• Coastal OWTS will be impacted by rising water p y gtables and exposure and flooding during storm events
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Wh th CRMC J i di ti l A ?Where are the CRMC Jurisdictional Areas?
• Coastal Zone– Tidal Waters (to 3 miles offshore)– Shoreline FeaturesShoreline Features– 200 foot coastal feature contiguous area
• SAMP Watersheds• Freshwater Wetlands in the Vicinity of the Coast
id• Statewide (Inland activities CRMP Section 320)
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CRMP Section 140: SetbacksCRMP Section 140: Setbacks
• Always measured from the inland edge of aAlways measured from the inland edge of a shoreline feature
• Minimum of 50 feet!• Minimum of 50 feet! • Shoreline Change Maps (See CRMC website)
– 30 or 60 times the erosion rate for that area
• 25 feet from inland edge of Coastal Buffer Zone25 feet from inland edge of Coastal Buffer Zone
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Coastal Shoreline Features• Beaches (§ 210.1)
B i d S it (§ 210 2)• Barriers and Spits (§ 210.2)• Coastal Wetlands (§ 210.3)• Headlands, Bluffs, and Cliffs (§ 210.4)• Rocky Shores (§ 210.5)• Manmade Shorelines (§ 210.6)• Dunes (§ 210.7)Dunes (§ 210.7)
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Coastal Beaches (§ 210.1)
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Barriers and Spits (§ 210.2)
Quonochontaug Pond
Block Island Sound
Ninigret Pond
Block Island Sound
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Coastal Wetlands (§ 210.3)Coastal Wetlands (§ 210.3)
Setbacks are always measured from the most inland edge of the coastal wetland, including any contiguous freshwater wetlands!
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Coastal Headlands, Bluffs, and Cliffs (§ 210.4)
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Coastal Headlands, Bluffs, and Cliffs (§ 210.4)
Bonnet Shores
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Inland edge
Coastal Bluff
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Rocky Shores (§ 210.5)
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Inland edge of shoreline feature= top of revetment
Manmade Shorelines (§ 210.6)
Riprap Revetment
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Manmade Shorelines (§ 210.6)
Inland edge of the shoreline feature
Seawall
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Watch Hill, Westerly, RI
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Dunes (§ 210.7)
Dune Crest
Beach
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CRMP Section 140: Setbacks
Setbacks are required for:
CRMP Section 140: Setbacks
q Fill, removal or grading activities Residential buildings and garages Residential buildings and garagesExcludes associated structures, such as attached
decks; porches; tool sheds; fences, etc.; p ; ; , New Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems
Flexibility in setback standard for repair of existing OWTS y p gand replacement of cesspools (pre-existing use)
Commercial and other non-water dependent uses
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Setbacks: ProhibitionsSetbacks: Prohibitions
B i (§210 2) d D (§210 7)• Barriers (§210.2) and Dunes (§210.7)
– Minimum of 50 feet from inland edge of either the beach or the dune
– Applies to Residential and Commercial pp Cconstruction and new OWTS
– A Special Exception is required for relief from the– A Special Exception is required for relief from the 50 foot setback requirement
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CRMP Section 130: Special ExceptionsCRMP Section 130: Special Exceptions
• The proposed activity must serve a compellingThe proposed activity must serve a compelling public purpose which provides benefits to the public as a whole as opposed to individual or p ppprivate interests*
* Only the Council can grant a special exception, provided the project meets the above burden of proofthe project meets the above burden of proof
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CRMC Dune Setback Requirements
D C
q
Inland edge of Dune
MHW
Dune Crest
Special Exception
25’ 50’If the annual erosions rate were 2.1 ft./yr i thi th th i d tb k f 63’in this area, then the required setback for a single-family home would be:
2.1 ft/yr X 30 = 63 feet (measured from
63
the inland edge of the dune)Determine erosion rate fromCRMC shoreline change maps
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http://www.crmc.ri.gov/maps
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2004
1939
20042004
19391939
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October 2005Reflective profile
Beach erosion causes walkwayand foundation collapse
Relocation inland Setback buys timey
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OWTS Repair Guidance in Critical Erosion Areas – November 2012
Collapsed foundation
Exposed OWTS
Collapsed foundation
Exposed OWTS
E iErosion
2005
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What is a Coastal Buffer Zone?
It’ ti f t ti b d i It’s a contiguous area of vegetation bordering a coastal shoreline feature
B ff d i d tBuffer zones are designed to:•Slow & spread runoff•Filter sediment, nutrients, & pollutants•Stabilize the shoreline & prevent erosionStabilize the shoreline & prevent erosion•Provide food & habitat for wildlife (species diversity)•Add visual aesthetics•Help moderate flooding impacts
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CRMC Water TypesCRMC Water Types
T 1 C ti A• Type 1 Conservation Areas• Type 2 Low Intensity Uses• Type 3 High Intensity Boating• Type 4 Multipurpose WatersType 4 Multipurpose Waters• Type 5 Recreational and Commercial Harbors
T 6 C i l d I d t i l P t• Type 6 Commercial and Industrial Ports
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Coastal Buffer Zone Designations for Residential Development
Water Use CategoryWater Use Category• Type 3, 4, 5 & 6 Type 1 & 2• Residential Lot Size Required Buffer
(f )(Sq. ft) (ft)
<10,000 15 .................... 25• 10 000 20 000 25 50• 10,000 – 20,000 25 .................... 50• 20,001 – 40,000 50 .................... 75• 40,001 – 60,000 75 .................... 100• 60,001 – 80,000 100 .................... 125• 80,001 – 200,000 125 .................... 150• >200,000 150 .................... 200
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CRMP Section 150: Coastal BuffersCRMP Section 150: Coastal BuffersBoundary of
Construction Area
Inland Edge of theCoastal feature
BufferBoundary
Construction Area
Coastal LawnFeature
50' Vegetated Buffer Septic Tank & Field
75' CRMC Setback
200' CRMC Jurisdiction
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Don’t do this to your buffer!Don t do this to your buffer!
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Coastal Buffer Zone Management Guidance
www.crmc.ri.govCoastal Landscapes p
Program
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CRMC Setback and Buffer Summary
First, determine the coastal shoreline feature and its inland edge (See CRMP Section 210)
Determine whether the shoreline erosion setback is greater than the minimum 50 foot setback (see CRMP Section 140)Section 140).
Are you doing a repair in a critical erosion area? See: “OWTS Repair Guidance in Critical Erosion Areas –OWTS Repair Guidance in Critical Erosion Areas February 2009”
Determine the coastal buffer width required by CRMP q ySection 150 – Table 2a
If variance is necessary, make sure you meet ALL five variance criteria requirements in CRMP Section 120
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Setback and Buffer ExampleSetback and Buffer Example
Shoreline feature is a coastal beach backed by low 2 ft. bluff abutting CRMC Type 2 waters
15,000 sq.ft. lot(150’ x 100’)
abutting CRMC Type 2 waters
Table 2a – Buffer = 50 ft.
Final setback is: 50ft. buffer + 25ft. setback = 75 feet
Annual erosion rate = 0.36 ft/yrThus, erosion setback is 30 X 0.36 = 10.8 feet < 50 ft. minimum setback
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Photo: RIDOT October 30, 2012
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