Download - RFID - Future
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Future Technology Center Jan 31 2005 1
Integrating New Technologies & Design RFID: technologies, applications, future
Steven Schilthuizen
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Contents presentation RFID• 10 Connective technologies• Tracking & tracing• What is RFID?• Frequencies• RFID-tags
• Silicon RFID• Printed RFID• Polymer RFID• Nano RFID
• Costs of RFID• RFID-roadmap• RFID-readers• Sensors• Applications• Options and challenges• Discussion / questions
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18 Oct 2004 3
10 connective technologies institute for the future
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What is RFID….• R(adio) F(requency)
ID(entification) ~~~~ radio waves
• RFID is contactless / wireless
• RFID is ranked among the top 10 of dominant future technologies
• RFID has also limitations…
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Technology components of RFID….• RFID-tags: IC/ μ-processor+antenna+packaging• RFID-reader: antenna+coupler+μC
• Software: • Embedded protocol handling in reader• Data management and connection RFID-system to ERP and other
software
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Working principle RFID
RFID readerRFID reader
tag
01.43200B9.23AE1F.345C4D012
Interface to host computer (RS485,
RS232/422, ethernet, 802.11, etc)
ID: 01.43200B9.23AE1F.345C4D012
Working principle RFID
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RFID is based on radio waves• Physical description of a rf-wave
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Band Frequencies RF(ID) Technology name Used Frequencies VLF 3~30 kHz (EM - EAS electro magnetic) 2-4 kHz LF 30~300 kHz (First RFID Proximity Standard) 125-135 kHz HF 3~30 Mhz (RF-EAS / ISO RFID Range) 8.2 / 13.56 Mhz UHF 300~3000 Mhz (UHF / EPC RFID Range) 330 /868–968 Mhz SHF 3~60 Ghz Wireless LAN and Telecom (micro, radar waves)
Spectrum of the (Radio) Waves
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Passive vs active RFID-tags
$10 to $20~ $0.15 to $10Cost
2 to 7 yearsUnlimitedLife
64 bites - ?128 bits – 32 kbitsMemory
~ 2 to 500 m< 1 mRead Distance
HF (303, 433 MHz), Microwave (2.4 GHz)
LF (125 KHz), HF (13.56 MHz), UHF (868-968 MHz), Microwave (2.4 GHz)
Frequency
BatteryInductivePower
ACTIVEPASSIVEATTRIBUTE
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Barcode vs RFID-tags
•Higher Costs•Read Sensitive to Product Attributes (metal, H2O)
•Limited Adoption
•Data Transfer Requires Line of Sight
•Data Storage is Limited•Environmentally Sensitive
RFID / EPC
•No Line of Sight•Large Memory – Data Moves with Product / Asset
•Dynamic Data Reads
Barcodes
•Low Cost•Broad Utilization•Human Readable•Integrated in printed mat.
+
-
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RFID-TAGS• Smart CARDS (13.56 MHz)• CAR KEY TAGS / HARD
TAGS• GLASS TAGS (125 KHz)
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RFID-TAGS• Silicon RFID -tags
• Silicon chip (IC or μC): thickness 120 μm- 500 μm
• Tag: IC-antenna-polymercarrier-packaging
• 13.56 MHz- UHF-2.45 GHZ• RO and RW IC’s• Al, Cu and screen/rotoprinted
antennas• Price level too high for most
primary packaging (0.15-0.30 EUR)
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RFID-TAGS• Chip-antenna connection +
antenna:• Expensive• Vulnerable (P, T)• Bonding necessary
• Solutions:• Coil on chip: rf-link to label antenna
(Microsensys)• Use chipmodules• Develop new bonding materials
and methods• Flexible Si-chip with integrated
antennas (Philips)
© Philips
© Microsensys
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UHF RFID-labels • Frequency 868-968 MHz up to 2.45 GHz.• Some companies use two antenna lines connected to
UHF IC, creating by this a di-pole antenna
• Some use other shapes for better performance
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Examples UHF RFID-labels
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RFID-labels, TNO competence • TNO models and designs various RF-antennas for RFID-
tags (13.56 MHz, UHF, 2.45 GHz), reader and detection systems
• We use other shapes for better performance• We improve chip-antenna connections• We use other materials (Cu, Al, conductive inks and
polymers etc.)• We integrate antennas in labels, products (clothing, sails)
etc.• We will start developing all polymer RFID-tag
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RFID-labels, UHF-antennas and 13.56 Mhz labels (design&protoyping TNO)
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RFID-TAGS, standards• ISO 15693• ISO 14443 A/B• ISO 18000 (13.56 MHz-UHF)
• See www.nen.nl
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RFID-TAGS• EAS-tags
• Anti-theft tags• RF or magnetic• Al or other metals• Low costs: 0.01 EUR• Options to use as sensor or authenticity tag
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RFID-TAGS• Printed RFID-tags
• Antenna: ink filled with silverparts
• RF-parts: connection pads, capacitor element
• Printed EAS/authenticity tags
Printed EAS-tag (TNO) 13.56 MHZ RFID-tagUHF RFID-tag
Printed fuse in EAS-tag
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RFID-TAGS• Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
• Replace silicon with polymer logic circuitry• Basic elements are: FET, antenna, rectifier• Use inkjet and/or lithographic technology• Integrate tags in printed labels/packaging• Ultra low cost tags
PlasticPlastic“wafer”“wafer”
Photo Philips
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RFID-TAGS• Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
• Focus at: production technology, accuracy of FETs, antenna/rectifier (speed)
• Integration of low cost polymer sensor possible
All-Polymer Field-Effect Transistor
sourcesubstrate
gate
insulatorsemiconductor
source drain
- - - - - - - - - -+ + + + + + + + + +
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RFID-TAGS• Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
• Focus at upgrading operatingfrequency: 50-60-125 KHz. Aimat 13.56 MHz for firstprototypes.
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RFID-TAGS• Nano and molecular RFID
• Molecular FETs to makemolecular logic circuitry
• Use of nanoparticles (CNT-FET) for logic and nanowires
• Smaller and cheaper thanCMOS chips
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RFID-TAGS• SMART DUST
• Micro/nano devices• Integrated MEMS+ID+power+rf
antenna
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2002 2005 2010 2015
Passive RFID-tags roadmap
13.56 MHz passive tagC
ost/s
ize
redu
ctio
n
Frequency
Nano/Molecular electronics
868 Mhz-2.45 GHzUHF passive tag
All Plastic 13.56 MHz tag
POLYMER FET
sourcesubstrate
gate
insulatorsemiconductor
source drain
- - - - - - - - - -+ + + + + + + + + +
Hybrid Si-polymer tag
Hitachi 0.4 mm 2.45 GHz tag
125 Khz 13.56 MHz UHF-tag 868 MHz 2.45 GHz
Data rate
Smart Dust (ID+sensor+pos+power+rf)
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Costs of RFID
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Silicon RFID vs Plastic RFID
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RFID READERS• Fixed:
• Gate readers• Industrial readers on forklift
trucks, transport lines• Handheld:
• Mobile scanner/PDA• PDA with RFID-card reader
module• Mobile phone?
©Dialoc ID
©SAMsys
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RFID READERS• Basic construction
• Antenna, amplifier, coupler, μC, battery,user-interface
interface
Protocol Management RF interface+
RFID-reader coupler (μC/PIC/FPGA)
13.56 /UHF
Antenna
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RFID READERS, FUTURE• RFID coupler chipset in
mobile phones:R2R, R to Tag (for payment, access control, info etc.)
• Credit card sizedmicroreaders forconsumers with display,battery
RFID-tag
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POLYLED (RF)ID-card• Fine maskpattern in polyLED• Optical cardreader and/or RFID-reader• Store biometric info also in IC• Supply power to polyLED via reader• Integration biometric data: fingeprint, irisscopic, facial etc.
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SENSORS• Optical• RF• Acoustic• Passive vs active• Integration in packaging to
monitor:• T• Humidity• B/C influences• Tampering
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Conductive and active polymers forsensors
RF-antenna with reactivepolymer parts
All plastic opticalsensor
Senstenna
POLYLEDs
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BIOSWITCH SENSORS
• Bioswitch sensor for B/C detection in materials/packaging
B/C element
Nanosensor
Nanosensor withprotective/reactive coating(RF or optical reading)
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RF antenna sensor, wireless reading• RF antenna resonator sensor with reactive nanotubes or reactive dielectric
substrates:• autonomous condition sensor • also possible: B/C sensor, RF wireless “DNA”-array
for food, health care etc.
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RFID APPLICATIONS• Services:
• Loyalty and membership cards• Payment (with car, at vending machines, automatic cash machines
etc.)• Library
• Safety & security:• Access control, passports• Identification of soldiers, military equipment
• Logistics:• Supply chain management of returnable transit items (pallets,
kegs, containers)• Wharehouse control• Automatic ID of products
• Production of hardware / components:• Tagging of products under manufacturing or assembling (smart
factory)• Wharehousing• Service supply / maintenance
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RFID APPLICATIONS• Retail:
• Pricing / automatic payment• Individual item tagging of food, pharma packaging, FMCG (EPC-
coding vs EAN-barcode)• Smart shelf• EAS and authenticity tagging• Liability, traceability• Info supply to consumer
• Clothing:• EAS• Find right size, colour etc• Find matching clothing
• Pharma/ healthcare:• ID, traceability, authenticity of pharmaceuticals• ID-tagging of blood bags• Diagnostic packaging.
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RFID APPLICATIONS: HEALTH• Diagnostic and talking packaging: electronics to give info
to consumer + feedback on dosis/use/need for medication
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RFID APPLICATIONS: HEALTH• Blisters and dispensers with RFID tag or capacitor system• Containers with RFID tag• Personal Medical RFID card with prescription• RFID-tagging of pharmaceuticals
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RFID APPLICATIONS: LOGISTICS• Inmoulded RFID-tags in plastic crates/trays
Main GoalMain Goalt
Development of integration method for RFID-tags in injection moulded and blowmouldedpackaging and development of read/writesystem
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RFID APPLICATIONS: LOGISTICS• Inmoulded RFID-tags in plastic crates/trays/drums/pallets
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RFID APPLICATIONS: LOGISTICS• Inmoulded magnetic or polymer RFID-tag in mineral water
PET-bottle
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RFID APPLICATIONS: LOGISTICS• RFID-tagging of transport packaging, boxes, bags
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RFID APPLICATIONS: RETAIL • Printed EAS or authenticity tags on expensive goods (anti-
counterfeit)
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RFID APPLICATIONS: RETAIL• Payment (via EPC) EAS, tr&tr info for consumer, smart
shelf (for pricing, info, inventory control)
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RFID APPLICATIONS: RETAIL • Anti-allergic or anti-obesity indicator tag on packaging
(scan with handheld pen in supermarket)
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RFID APPLICATIONS: SAFETY & SECURITY• Identification, access control, passports
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RFID APPLICATIONS: SERVICES• Payment, library, loyalty cards
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RFID APPLICATIONS: PRODUCTION• Identification of parts in automotive , aerospace,
electronics production, professional equipment
Identec /VW
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RFID APPLICATIONS: CLOTHING• Identification, EAS, find right size, colour, matching
clothing, dressing up
Prada store NY
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RFID: OPTIONS, CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
•Reduce costs•Privacy aspects of tagging•Readability, long distance reading
•Multiple tag reading > 500 t/s•Printable plastic tags•Memory capacity chips•Universal protocols and frequencies
•Positioning with RFID-tags
OPTIONS
•Tag every product/item•Combine RFID+sensor•Supply info via tag and web•Improve efficiency•Improve quality &safety•Develop new services•Integrate in printed materials
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Thank you for your attention!
[email protected] Technology CenterTNO Science & Industry