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Review of
Causes/Effects of
Exploration
►Desire for wealth from trade
►Spread Christianity throughout New World
►Competition for National Power that came from the wealth
� Made countries to desire more trade
Trade Routes►Crusades opened up the Far East using the Middle East
►Italians controlled the monopoly with the Middle East
� Italians got rich while Europe protested
►Europeans searched for new routes
• New ships
– Caravel
• Navigation tools
– Compass
– Astrolabe
– Sextant
• Spread of knowledge
– Printing press
New Technology
►Portugal
►Spain
►France
►England
►The Netherlands
PortugalPortugalPortugalPortugal
►Invent caravel
►First to map all water route to Asia around Africa
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►Columbus sailed west to find Asia
►Granted territory by Treaty of Tordesillas
►Spanish conquistadors claimed much of America
►Encomiendas/Slavery
►Colonies
� New Spain
� Peru
SpainSpainSpainSpain FRANCEFRANCEFRANCEFRANCE
► Sought the Northwest Passage
► Cartier
� Explored the St. Lawrence River
► Established fur trade
► Colony
� New France – Champlain & Quebec
ENGLANDENGLANDENGLANDENGLAND►Sought Northwest Passage
►Cabot
� Newfoundland, Canada
►Hudson
� Hudson Bay
►Established fishing trade
►Destruction of Native American Empires
►The Columbian Exchange
►European Colonies established in Americas
►Slavery
Effects on Native Americans
►Death by disease
►Killed by the Spanish
►Loss of freedom and culture
►Encomiendas –Native Americans
Serve as labor on plantations until African slavery takes over
Mercantilism
► Colonies exist to make
profit for European country
► Favorable balance of trade
� Colony produces raw materials for the country
� Colony buys finished product
from the country
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SLAVERY►African slaves brought to Americas to replace Natives
� Introduced by Spanish & Portuguese
►Middle Passage
� 12 Million Africans taken from Africa
� 2 Million die during journey to America
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
European Exploration
of the Americas
Thinking Map
Cause and Effect
