![Page 1: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Resistance to the HolocaustResistance to the Holocaust
Belfer Presentation
Robert Hadley
Mandel 2001-2002
![Page 2: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Define ResistanceDefine Resistance
What does this term mean?– Physical – Spiritual– Cultural– Emotional
![Page 3: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PhysicalPhysical
Underground Youth Movements
PartisansCamp Revolts
![Page 4: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Underground Youth MovementsUnderground Youth Movements
Hashomer and HeChalutz (Zionist)
Akiva (Zionist) Dror (Zionist) Bund Betar Communists
![Page 5: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Partisan MovementsPartisan Movements
Abbe Kovner, Vilna Ghetto
Bielski Partisans, Belorussia
Joining Polish and/or Russian Partisan Movement
![Page 6: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Camp RevoltsCamp Revolts
Sobibor
Treblinka
Auschwitz
![Page 7: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Map of RevoltsMap of Revolts
![Page 8: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Role of Women in the ResistanceRole of Women in the Resistance
Intelligence and Reconnaissance
CouriersFightersEducators
![Page 9: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SpiritualSpiritual
Maintaining ones Faith in God
Strength of Human Dignity
Observing Jewish Traditions
Kiddush ha-Shem ("Sanctification of God's Name")
![Page 10: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Prayers and Religious observationPrayers and Religious observation
Minyanim (10 or more gathered to pray)
Religious Holidays Fasting and
remaining Kosher in face of starvation
![Page 11: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EmotionalEmotional
Staying alive!Helping others stay aliveNot allowing ones spirit to be
defeated
Resource : If you Cried, You died
![Page 12: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CulturalCultural
Art and Music– Terezin Requime
Schools Community based
programs– Self Help
Plays Lectures
![Page 13: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Art in the CampsArt in the Camps
How is Art resistance?
What record do we have of the Holocaust as a result of Artists?
Urge to create in the midst of death
![Page 14: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cultural EventsCultural Events
Cultural events took place in the camps and ghettos
Impact and power of such events as Resistance?
![Page 16: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Music in the CampsMusic in the Camps
Archive of music program from Terezin
Importance music played in camp life?
![Page 17: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Schools in the GhettosSchools in the Ghettos
Primary purpose to nourish the body and the soul (see the bread on napkins)
Aliya: Religious boarding schools
Most Schools were clandestine
Orphanages: Dr Janusz Korczak
![Page 19: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Movies/VideosMovies/Videos
Escape From Sobibor (1989) Showtime
The Grey Zone (2002)
Out of the Ashes (2003) Showtime
Uprising (2001) NBC
![Page 21: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BooksBooks
Defiance: The Beilski Partisans by Nechama Tec They Fought Back by Yuri Suhl The Avengers by Rich Cohen The Bravest Battle by Dan Kurzman Resistance by Israel Gutman Justyna’s Narrative by Gusta Draenger Kazik: Memoirs of a Warsaw Ghetto Fighter by Simha
Rotem Unbroken by Len Crome Against All Hope by Hermann Langein Fighting Back by Harold Werner
![Page 22: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Great Web Sites!Great Web Sites! The Ghetto Fighter’s House: Museum of the Holocaust and Resistance.
http://www.gfh.org.ilIsraeli museum with searchable archives. Many articles and pictures online.
Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership. - www.jpfo.comUses the history of genocide and resistance to it to argue for the right to bear arms.
Museum of the Slovak National Uprising.http://www.muzeumsnp.skMuseum in Slovakia dedicated to their 1944 armed uprising against the Germans, one result of which was the Jewish Novaky brigade.Anniversary of the said Uprising - http://www.55snp.sk/en
Simon Wiesenthal Center - http://www.wiesenthal.comHas material on the Warsaw Ghetto uprising as well as general Holocaust information
http://www.yad-vashem.org.il/ Incredible archives of the Holocaust including Resistance
![Page 23: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Online lessonsOnline lessons
http://connections.smsd.org/veterans/holocaust_resistance_movement.htm (Great list of FAQ’s with websites)
http://www.ushmm.org/education/foreducators/guidelines/ (scroll down to Sample lessons, do the one on Resistance, powerful tool with students!)
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/RESIST2.htm (Excellent resource on Resistance for educators)
http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?ID=275 (Great comprehensive Lesson when pressed for time in a unit)
![Page 24: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
More Online LessonsMore Online Lessons
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/RESIST/WARSAW.HTM (Great way to connect with the Ringleblum play)
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/RESIST/resistan.HTM (I have used Courage to care in the classroom…Great video…and great way to close a unit on the Holocaust. Bring Hope back to your students…like I said..bring them out of the darkness)
![Page 25: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Even more lessons!Even more lessons!
http://www.holocaust-trc.org/lesson.htm (many lesson plans and activities around Resistance and resistance movements, all vetted by Mark Nataupsky, an excellent educator from Virginia!)
http://www.holocaust-trc.org/Warsawhs.pdf (excellent Resistance Unit created by Sol Factor, a Mandel fellow from Ohio. You don’t have to use the entire unit…the lessons can be extracted separately)
![Page 26: Resistance to the Holocaust Belfer Presentation Robert Hadley Mandel 2001-2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e0d5503460f94af711f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Totten SeriesTotten Series
Teaching and Studying about the Holocaust
Holocaust Education
Holocaust Literature