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Resilient Leadership Key Strategies for Bouncing Back in Tough Times
Kevin Nourse, PhD
Nourse Leadership Strategies
AAPA Executive Management Conference May 2012
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Lessons From Hurricane Katrina
• Qualitative study in 2008
• Thriving middle managers in New Orleans
• Workplace support types and sources
• Internal variables of resilience and thriving
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Lessons the 2008-09 Financial Downturn
• Qualitative study in 2009 • 15 CEOs at US, Canadian and Caribbean ports • Strategic thinking mindsets & practices • Lessons learned from the financial crisis • Critical competencies needed by port managers
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Part 1: The case for change leadership
• Part 2: Change leadership competencies
• Part 3: Building and sustaining resilience
• Part 4: Call to action
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 4
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In The Words of a Port CEO
When things change this fast in directions that are not totally expected, you want to be prepared and ready to react. But then again you don’t want to react too fast.
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 5
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Part 1: The Case for Change Leadership
• Forces, trends, and issues
• Nature of change
• Impacts of change on people
• The nature of change: Impacts on people
• Leadership gap analysis framework
• Leadership adaptation
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 6
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Seaport CEO Observations
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 7
Many of the other port directors I spoke with talked about one of the biggest leadership challenges - the uncertainty
There’s no context for this particular situation because I can’t say, hey, you know, this happened 10 years ago We’re able to pull out our 20-year strategic vision/plan and say we’ve got a plan here. We’re not going to let this little blip affect the next 20 years
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Forces, Trends and Issues: Overall
• Technology: Innovations, availability, complexity
• Social Trends
• Business environment: Ownership, competition, market needs
• Ecological: Global climate change
• Economic and political forces
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 8
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Forces, Trends and Issues: Port Industry
• Increased focus on intermodal linkages
• Larger, more sophisticated ships with greater cargo volume
• Shippers expectations for comprehensive, value-added logistics
• Enhanced focus on security and safety
• Ports as a job creation engine
• Greater competition springing from the Panama Canal expansion
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 9
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Forces & Trends: Port of LA
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 10
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Forces & Trends: Port of NY/NJ
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 11
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The Nature of Change
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 12
© Barnes & Conti, LLC Used by Permission
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Reflection Question
• What internal or external forces are driving change at your port?
• What is the nature of these changes?
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 13
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Impacts of Change on People
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 14
It just didn’t seem real. She had to almost slap me in the face to snap out of it. ‘We’ve got to do
something. It’s really going to happen.
-- Manager impacted by Hurricane Katrina
Two days after the storm, I walked into the Port. The regular sites of activity were all silent…mass
destruction. I was alone and my thoughts led me almost to believe we will not reopen.
-- “Ethan”, Operations Manager
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Neutral Zone Beginnings
Impacts of Change on People
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 15
Endings
Loss Doubt
Discomfort Discovery
Understanding Integration
Source: Bridges, CCMC
Leve
l of
Ind
ivid
ual
Fu
nct
ion
ing
Time
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Impacts of Change on People
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 16
Chronic Stress
Acute Stress
Assessment of Stress & Coping
Response
Dysfunctional Response
Fight or Flight
Choiceful and Functional Response
Stress Resolved Successful outcomes
Stress Unresolved Strain
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Symptoms of Strain
• Physical strain
• Mental strain
• Behavioral strain
• Impacts on work performance
• Career derailment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 17
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Leadership Gap Analysis Framework
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 18
Demographic Trends Economic & Political
Trends Port Industry Trends
Organizational Challenges
Leadership Challenges
Leadership Skills & Mindsets Needed
Current Leadership Skills & Mindsets
Gap between skills needed and
current skill set
Technical Skills Social Skills
Personal Skills
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Leadership Adaptation: Success
Two years ago we saw it coming when there was no steel coming from Europe on ships to the USA … we asked ourselves, “What’s going to follow here and how is this going to impact some other sectors?” Then we started to understand how the housing markets impact so many different sectors.
-- Seaport CEO
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 19
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Leadership Adaptation: Disappointment
People fall into patterns…you just do it every day and you come to work, you get a paycheck every two weeks. Now all of a sudden, you don’t have the banana ships coming in every Monday. Since some of our managers have not experienced anything outside of their own ports, they’re not quite sure how to respond to this. I actually was a little annoyed with my marketing staff that I didn’t hear it from them…they should have been picking up this kind of [customer] intelligence earlier. (c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 20
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The Bottom Line
• Implications for Leaders
– Managing ones’ own change process
– Guiding your people through the change process
– When handled well, can unleash tremendous energy
– When handled poorly
• Leads to career derailing experiences
• Deepens the negative impacts of change
• Extends the time followers remain in loss, doubt, and discomfort
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 21
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Part 1: Summary
• Current trends and forces are creating greater organizational challenges
• In order to thrive, Seaports must anticipate change and intentionally adapt
• Change triggers predictable reactions in people
• Effective leaders understand change and know how to lead it thus promoting organizational success
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 22
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Part 2: Introduction to Change Leadership
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 23
Resilience
Creativity & Innovation
External Awareness
Flexibility
Strategic Thinking
Vision
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Top 5 Leadership Skills
1. Change leadership
2. External awareness
3. Strategic thinking
4. Resilience
5. Creativity and innovation
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 24
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Resilience
• Dealing effectively with adversity; recovering quickly from adversity; remaining optimistic
• Evidence of ability
• Evidence of a development gap
• Complete the self-assessment for this item
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 25
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Strategic Thinking
• Continuous process of developing, testing and and deciding on possible actions under continually changing conditions
• Evidence of ability
• Evidence of a development gap
• Complete the self-assessment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 26
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Strategic Thinking
I try to force the staff, and I force myself, I force the commissioners to approach everything in what is known as bifocal vision. Be able to look at the immediate, and then eventually what will be the long-term impact of your decision. And to try to make the managers more aware that their tactical decisions on a day-to-day basis really are the strategic decisions.
Seaport CEO
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 27
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Strategic Thinking
The “what if” game becomes more critical in terms of looking at those scenarios. And at the same time you have to do it much more efficiently. You’ve got to be able to sit down and plug new assumptions in on a very frequent basis.
Seaport CEO
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 28
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Creativity & Innovation
• Develops new insights into situations; questions conventional ideas; encourages new ideas and innovations
• Evidence of ability
• Evidence of a development gap
• Complete your self-assessment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 29
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External Awareness
• Understands local, national, and international trends; aware of organization’s impact on the external environment
• Evidence of ability
• Evidence of a development gap
• Complete your self-assessment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 30
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External Awareness
We are scanning our environment a little bit more … I’m starting to look for … some new business options or some other avenues. And the best way to do that is to try to get information is from the environment.
-- Port Director
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 31
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Flexibility
• Open to change and new information; adapts rapidly to new information or conditions
• Evidence of ability • Evidence of a development gap • Complete your self-assessment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 32
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Flexibility
I have asked our people to stretch beyond just their cadre, relative to are you the finance person? Well you need to look for the marketing perspective, etc. While people will have titles and will have direct responsibilities for certain function, they have to broaden themselves and look at it from several different perspectives just as I do.
Port CEO
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 33
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Vision
• Takes a long term view and builds shared vision; catalyst for change; influences others to translate vision into action.
• Evidence of skill
• Evidence of a development gap
• Complete your self-assesssment
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 34
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Vision
We’re able to pull out our 20-year strategic vision/plan and say we’ve got a plan here. We’re not going to let this little blip affect the next 20 years.
Port CEO
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 35
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Assessing Your Change Leadership Ability
• Find a partner
• Review and discuss your self-assessment
• Any surprises?
• What impact could you have if you better developed your change leadership skills?
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 36
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Part 3: Building Resilience
• Definitions and frameworks
• Key variables for resilience and thriving
• Building your own resilience
• Building the resilience of your people
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 37
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Building Resilience
We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked…giving away their last piece of bread…everything can be taken from a man but one thing…to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances
Viktor Frankl
Man’s Search for Meaning
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Key Definitions & Frameworks
• Resilience The process of adapting well in the face of adversity; “bouncing back” from difficult experiences The ability to adapt to and bounce back from adversity
• Thrive The ability to function throughout and adverse experience beyond a baseline level or to grow despite exposure to stressful experiences
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Definitions & Frameworks
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 40
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Reflection Questions
• Reflect on your leadership history
• Identify a situation you faced adversity where you were resilient and thrived
• Explore with your partner
– What internal factors helped you maintain resilience?
– What external factors helped you?
– How were you transformed by the experience?
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Key Variables of Resilience and Thriving
• Empathy
• Faith/spirituality
• Flexibility
• Hardiness
• Impulse control
• Meaning making
• Optimism
• Positive emotions
• Problem solving
• Self-efficacy
• Self-awareness
• Social support
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Hardiness
• 1979 Study by Suzanne Kobasa
– 161 managers
– Group 1: high stress, no illness
– Group 2: high stress, stress-related illness
– Differences were explained by hardiness
• 1999 Study by Paul Bartone
– 787 men and women in the National Guard
– Hardiness shown to protect against ill effects of intense stress
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Hardiness
• A set of beliefs about oneself, the world, and how they interact
• Commitment
• Control
• Challenge
• How hardiness builds resilience
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Building Hardiness
• Find resilient mentors
• Awareness of the impacts of isolation and powerlessness
• Reframe adversity as an opportunity to solve a problem
• Find more meaning in your work
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Positivity
• 2003 study of college students and coping with the 9/11 terrorist attacks
• Positive emotions were negatively correlated to depressive symptoms
• Positive emotions buffer resilient people against depression; fuel thriving
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Positive Emotions
• Positive meanings and optimistic attitudes that trigger positive emotions
• Positivity Ratio
• Role or impact of negative emotions
• Broaden and build theory
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Positive Emotions: Taking Action
• Identify and remove the source of negative emotions
• Identify and Increase the sources of positive emotions
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Building Resilient Followers
Two days after the storm, I walked into the Port. The regular sites of activity were all silent. I had to stare into the mass destruction. I was alone and my thoughts led me almost to believe we will not re-open. As I was walking out, I found no one here. No one to talk to.
My boss told me ‘I’m gonna give you an open checkbook because I trust you and your judgment. I want you to do whatever it takes.’ And that one thing alone I attribute the most to getting the Port back into shape.
Port Operations Manager
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Building Resilient Followers
• Build meaning for your followers
• Stretch assignments
• Reframing adversity as a leadership development opportunity
• Empowerment (authority, autonomy)
• Coaching and feedback
• Modeling behavior
• Helping followers build strong networks
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Part 4: Call to Action
• Which change leadership competency do you most need to build?
• How will you increase your own resilience?
• How will you increase the resilience of your people?
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Summary
• Resilience is a key element of change leadership
• Resilience is a trait and coping process
• Resilience differs from thriving
• Leaders can enhance their own resilience through hardiness and positivity
• Leaders can play an instrumental role in promoting resilience among their people
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For More Information
• Kevin Nourse, PhD
• Nourse Leadership Strategies
• Services
– Executive coaching and development
– Team effectiveness and meeting facilitation
– Leadership and management training programs
• www.nourseleadership.com
• 202-462-6252
(c) Kevin Nourse, PhD | www.nourseleadership.com 53