Download - Remote sensing water table
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Real time - Remote Sensing for Water Table Management
Shaimaa Ahmed Finding Nemo
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Problem
• We have a regional unconfined aquifer , we pump water and the water table decreases.
• We need an early warning system that can alert us with water quality data and the change in the water table.
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Area of interest
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Steps
• Drop a plastic ball sensor in the beginning of the large unconfined aquifer.
• The sensor create map that is used as a base map. (assume time = 0)
• This ball collects data and it transmit to another sensor that is hold in a well within a grid of wells.
• The fixed sensor has its own sensing range which means that the ball may transmit the signal within a radius of it.
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• The well sensor is linked to another sensor on the ground which transmit the data to a server ( by satellites) that compares the current situation with the base maps.
• When there is a difference an alarm will be sent to a server.
• the transmutation is done by sending signals to a satellite in real time.
• This idea predict the change in the beginning at the aquifer thus it is a warning system at the end of the aquifer.
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Another solution
• The ball stores the water table level in a small chip on it (at time =0) and when it is doing its second trip, it compares new data with stored data. If different then it sends a signal through the previous network
• The sensor ball exists but it is used to collect data from caves and ground water.
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Ball PathBall path
Ball path
Ball path
Layout of ground waterWell grids (current and future – fixed sensor)
Range of sensors
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Satellite Server
PCs
Ball Sensor (Nemo)
Fixed sensor
Fixed sensor
Fixed sensor
Fixed sensor
Beginning of the aquifers
Piezometer
Piezometer
Through the aquifer or at its end
Cross Section
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http://www.karstworlds.com/2011/03/underwater-cave-mapping-sensor.html
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Suggested water quality parameters
• http://www.nj.gov/dep/dsr/trends2005/pdfs/groundwater.pdf
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What is new?
• The added feature is the hardware that can compare base maps (at time =0) with the current situation (time= t1, t2…t n)on real time.
• The fixed sensors are new because it has to receive signals from a moving object and send it to above the well.
• The well grid concept is new.
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What is new
• The ball moves freely (no need to energy source) through the aquifer and by calculating the distance, time - velocity
• From velocity equation get the difference in head.
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Difference between two heads
• It can be calculated by the velocity and plug it on the flow rate equation then we get the head differences
• dh/dl = head difference / length of aquifer
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How to get the ball back?
• The ball is like a small submarine and it has its source of energy and it can be controlled from above the surface and can be picked from a well when it is within its sensing range.
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What is new?
• Further development:• The ball collects real samples from below for
future analysis such as biological analysis
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Products?
• New invention (ball sensor that calculate the difference in real time)
• Software managing this invention in the ball, on fixed sensors, servers and PCs.
• Web application, cell phone applications and new hardware plugged on them to work with the signal transmitted
• Maps of ground water (three dimensions)
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Products
• Maps and database show water quality parameters and water table differences.
• The well grid installation, Sensors …etc (infrastructure) .
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Who may use the system
• This applications may be applied on regional or national level.
• Governments ( how to manage shared water resources among different countries).
• International organization.• NGOs.• researchers• farmers
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• On national level, the server must be located in a unit that mentored and shared among governmental agencies, civil society (NGOs), and it has to be published on the net for transparency among citizens.
• On regional level, a community of both countries has this responsibility , the community includes governmental representatives, NGOs representatives.. others.
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How to learn more?
• Web applications. – 2d maps – 3d maps new to the GIS market
• Cell phone applications. – 2d maps – 3d maps new to the GIS market
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How to learn more?
• If it is required to farmers– Videos on TVs (new market, new hardware and
SW to transmit this information in real time “delay may be hours but not days” )
– Maps on cell phones
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•Thank you