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Reconstructing Water Levels in
the Lake Michigan Basin from Embayed
Lakes
Michigan
Wisconsin
Image from: http://www.savannah-weather.com/poes/extra/michigan.jpg
Tim Fisher
University of Toledo, OH
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2003 1974
How do you make
investments?
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Embayed Lakes Outline
Location
Michigan Lake Level History
Geomorphic Evidence
Sedimentologic Evidence
Working with cores & geomorphic data to generate a lake level curve
Eolian sand as a LL proxy
Images from Google Maps
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Toledo
Study Sites
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Strandlines of glacial Lake ChicagoL
Glenwood
Calumet
Nipissing
Michigan Lake Level History
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Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin 14C
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Two Creeks Site
Logs in lake sediment and overlying till
Dated at 11,850 14C yr BP or 13,600 cal yr BP
till
till
Lac.
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Olson site
Chrzastowski et al. (1991)
>5 0 s t u m p s /<0 . 1k m 214 C D a t e s8 12 0 ±10 0 B P8 3 2 0 ±7 0 B P8 3 2 0 ±7 0 B P
8 3 8 0 ±10 0 B P~9300 cal yr BP
Olsen site in Lake Michigan, 26 m depth
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Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin
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Cause of Nipissing transgression is uplift of the North Bay sill (NBS)
NBS
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Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin
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Platte Embayment, Sleeping Bear Dunes, MI
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strandplain
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New beach ridge ~1986
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Thompson with peels
Todd Thompson, IGS
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Distance landwards from modern shoreline (km)
1 2 3 4 5
Cal
enda
r ye
ars
Ele
vatio
n (m
)
Thompson & Baedke (GSA Bull 1997)
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Lake Michigan relative lake level
curveBaedke and Thompson, JGLR 2000Composite
New ridge ~1985
2011
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Amber Boudreau’s UT MS thesis
?
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Baedke & Thompson, 2000
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Coring Targets
Lake Michigan
Shallow Wetland
Lake Michigan Small Lake
Barrier-duneComplex
Barrier-duneComplex
Big lake records preserved in a little lake’s sediment:
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DEM of Study area
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Amber Boudreau (nee Lahners)
Kelly Weyer
In review
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Field Methods
Piston
Coring Tube
RV Perforator
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Fisher et al. 2007
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Fisher et al. 2007
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Fisher et al. 2007 (J Paleolim)
Laminated mud
marl peat peat
Laminated marl
?
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Silver Lake lithostratigraphic
logs
Fisher et al. 2007 (J. Paleolim)
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Model of contact
i
Lake Michigan Small LakeBarrier-duneComplex
Silver Lake Contact
Stony Lake Contact
Pea
t
G
yttja
Mar
l
G
yttja
embayed lake
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Fisher et al. 2012J. Paleolim
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PRESENT-DAY TILTING OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION BASED ON WATER LEVEL GAUGES
Geological Society of America Bulletin, July/August 2005 1077
Figure 6. Contour map of ICE-3G global postglacial r ebound–derived velocities in the Great Lakes area. Contour interval—3 cm/century.
Figure 7. Contour map of vertical velocities derived from water level gauges over the Great Lakes surrounded with ICE-3G–derived velocities. Contour interval—3 cm/century.
From Mainville & Craymer(2005) GSA Bull
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HamlinPentwaterSilverStonyWhite
peat gyttja
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Active sand sheet
Cabins at great prices!Cabins at great prices!
Exhumed forestExhumed forestHansen et al. (Aeol R)
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Niveo-aeolian activity, Silver Lake State Park, MI
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Evidence of ActiveSand on the Dunes
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Sand in Core SL01-5 0
25
50
75
100
1 2 3 4 5
140
144
152
156
160
160R
164
168
172
176
179
179R
209
223
225
235
244
phi
%
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sand curve compared toBaedke & Thompson (2000) curve
Fisher & Loope, 2005
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Toleston
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Hanes, 2010
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Hanes, 2010
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Summary
Lake levels at embayed lakes can be reconstructed by:-Strandline geomorphology-Drowned Subaerial deposits-Lacustrine deposits
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References Fisher, T. G., and Loope, W. L. 2004. Lake-level variability in Silver Lake, Michigan: A
response to fluctuations in lake levels of Lake Michigan. Michigan Academician 35, 373-385.
Fisher, T. G., and Loope, W. L. 2005. Aeolian sand preserved in Silver lake: A reliable signal of Holocene high stands of Lake Michigan. The Holocene 15, 1072-1078.
Fisher, T. G., Loope, W. L., Pierce, W. C., and Jol, H. M. 2007. Big lake records preserved in a little lake’s sediment: an example form Silver Lake, Michigan, USA. Journal of Paleolimnology 37, 365-382.
Fisher, T. G., Weyer, K. A., Boudreau, A. M., Martin-Hayden, J. M., Krantz, D. E., and Breckenridge, A. 2012. Constraining Holocene lake levels and coastal dune activity in the Lake Michigan basin. Journal of Paleolimnology 47, 373-390.
Hansen, E. C., Fisher, T. G., Arbogast, A. F., and Bateman, M. D. 2010. Geomorphic history of low-perched, transgressive dune complexes along the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. Aeolian Research 1, 111-127.
Timmons, E. A., Fisher, T. G., Hansen, E. C., Eiasman, E., Daly, T., and Kashgarian, M. 2007. Elucidating eolian dune history from lacustrine sand records in the Lake Michigan coastal zone, USA. The Holocene 17, 789-801.
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