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RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands:
Business Models
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Key Assumptions
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
- Business/deployment models are replicable
- Sustainable long term operation
- Cost recovering
- Community Involvement/Benefit
- Taking in local context
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Operator Models
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Source: Mini-grid Policy Toolkit
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Business Model Components
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Ownership
Site Selection
Technology
Financing Structure
O&M
Tariff Design
Four components are assessed for each deployment model:
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Stakeholders Definitions
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
ResortsLocal People
Local Businesses
Community
SAOPEA
MoEN
Utility/Public
Private Investor
Banks
Financing
Donor Public org.
Equity
Project Developer
EPC GIZ
Technical
ILF
RF
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Potential Models for Koh Bulon Don
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
1. Community Model: RESCO
2. Community Model: RESCO via Revolving Fund
3. Utility Model: SAO invest
4. Hybrid Model: Concession with SAO
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Community Model: RESCO
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Reduced risk of conflict with users
• Full retainment of revenues in the
community
• Can start immediately using existing
channels
Cons
• Difficult to find commercial financing
• Community have to take liability of
repayments
• Risk of defaults
Key success factors
• Strong community commitment and
leadership
• Community sees benefit in owning the
assets
• Getting the right financier
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Community Model: RESCO via Revolving Fund
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Possibly lower cost financing
• Long term financing + technical support
• Revolving fund can be used to finance
other islands
Cons
• Complexity and timeframe in setting up a
revolving fund
• Long term management of revolving fund
(More than 10 years)
Key success factors
• Revolving fund is well managed (possibly
backed by Ministry of Energy)
• Long term repayment to the revolving fund
is ensured
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Utility Model: SAO invest
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• No new organizational structure is needed
• No-low land use conflict
• Revenues can be retained in the
community via a fund
Cons
• Long decision making process
• Budget availabilities
• Technical expertise lacking
• No drive to ensure long term operation
Key success factors
• SAO sees the benefit and takes initiative
• System is procured as designed
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Hybrid Model: PPP Model (Concession with SAO)
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• SAO grid assets are utilized
• Developer get access to land
• SAO is in the loop to buffer potential conflict
with community
Cons
• Complexity of setting up concession
structure/PPP
Key success factors
• SAO is taking initiative and supportive
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Potential Models for Koh Mak Noi
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
1. Utility Model: PEA Invest
2. Private Model: Developer
3. Hybrid Model: JV
4. Hybrid Model: PPA Model
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Utility Model: PEA Investment (Alternative to Cable)
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Lower CAPEX and higher return than cable
• Increase utility‘s coverage and revenue
• Professional grid that complies to main grid
standards
Cons
• Can be slow in decision making and
deployment
• Community involvement/benefits may be
low
• Risk of political influence
Key success factors
• PEA is convinced of the higher benefits
• Decision makers approve of the concept
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Private Model: Developer
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Fast deployment and scalable
• Long term operation is ensured via cost
recovery
• Model is commercially sustinable
Cons
• Risk of conflict with users in payment
collection
• Risk of regulation changes
• Returns may not meet investor‘s
requirement
Key success factors
• Developer and community (head or
committee) relationship is well maintained
• Tariffs are transparent and communicated
at the start
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Hybrid Model: JV Model
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Strengths of each party are utilized
• Higher community acceptance via PEA
name
• Risks are shared between the parties
Cons
• Negotiations and decision may be a long
process
• Conflict of split decisions
• Revenues are shared
• Risk of regulation change
Key success factors
• Developer and PEA are able to agree on
JV
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Hybrid Model: PPA Model
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• PEA operate its core business
• Developer does not need to deal with
payment collection
Cons
• May pose legal/policy challenges
• Decision making and budget availabilities
on PEA side
• Risk of regulation change
Key success factors
• Developer is able to deliver based on the
PPA contract
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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Hybrid Model: Grid with community IPP
RE Hybrid Grid for Thai Islands: Business Models15.06.2017
Pros
• Diesel operators are included in the system
• No stranded assets
Cons
• Highly complex operation
• Risk of IPP not be able to deliver
Key success factors
• Design of system and operation commands
Community Commitment
Model Complexity
Scalability
Operation Sustainability
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