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Rabies
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The infectious path of Rabies virus
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Just the Facts
• Possible in any mammal.
• Occurs mostly in wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes.
• Domestic animals account for less than 10% of the reported rabies cases, with cats, cattle, and dogs most often reported rabid.
• 1-2 deaths per year, nearly always in untreated individuals.
• Only one known case of survival with no pre-/post treatment: 15 yr old girl in 2004.
• A bite is not necessary…can be transmitted by saliva to cut or mucous membrane.
• Has been transmitted by organ transplants; four deaths from one donor!
• Treatment: a course of rabies immune globulin and five doses of vaccine given over a 4-week period typically exceeds $1,000.
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Symptoms in Humans• Infects the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy and death. • Early symptoms of rabies are nonspecific, consisting of fever, headache, and
general malaise. • Advanced symptoms: insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis,
excitation, hallucinations, agitation, hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water).
• Death usually occurs within days of the onset of symptoms.
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Rabid Animal Reports in PA in 2010
Raccoon – 217 Skunk – 56
Cat – 56 Bat- 29
Fox – 25 Cow – 7 Deer – 6
Groundhog – 5 Horse – 5 Dog – 4
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How to Prevent Rabies• Keep vaccinations up-to-date for all dogs, cats and ferrets. This benefits you and
your pet • No pet contact with wild animals. If your pet is bitten by a wild animal, seek
veterinary assistance immediately. • Call your local animal control agency to remove any stray animals from your
neighborhood. They may be unvaccinated and could be infected by the disease. • Do not handle, feed, or unintentionally attract wild animals with open garbage cans
or litter. • Never adopt wild animals or bring them into your home. Do not try to nurse sick
animals to health. • Teach children never to handle unfamiliar animals, wild or domestic, even if they
appear friendly. • Prevent bats from entering living quarters or occupied spaces in homes.• When traveling abroad, avoid direct contact with wild animals and be especially
careful around dogs in developing countries.
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