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University Of Kota
Consumer Perception about
GSM & CDMAMobile Services in Kota city
DISSERATIONSubmitted to kota university In view of Sem-IV
(2009-2011)
(Master of Business Administration)
Presented by SupervisorPushp Raj Meena Dr.R.A. Gupta
(Student of M.B.A.) (Lecturer in Govt,Commerce
College,Kota)
Department of Commerce & Management
(University of Kota)
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COMMERCE AND MANAGMENT DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY OF KOTA,(KOTA)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that dissertation entitled Consumer Perception
about GSM & CDMA Mobile Services in Kota city. Is theoriginal work done by Mr Pushp Raj Meena, regular student of
M.B.A. University of Kota, Kota under my supervision and is being
submitted in lieu of Sem-IV (M.B.A.)
I have examined this paper and it fulfils the entire requirement for theaward do the degree of Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.)
from University Of Kota,Kota.
Date: SUPERVISED BY
Place: Kota ( Dr. R.A. Gupta )
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
If words are considered to be the signs of gratitude then let
these words convey the very same My sincere gratitude to
GSM & CDMA mobile services for giving me necessary
directions on doing this project to the best of my abilities.
I also thankDr. R.A. Gupta Lecturer of Govt. Commerce
College. Kota who has sincerely supported me with the
valuable insight into the completion of this dissertation.
I am grateful to all faculty members of Master of BusinessAdministration, University of Kota, Kota who have helped me
directly or indirectly in the successful completion of this
dissertation.
Last but not the least I duly recognize my sincere appreciationfor all my classmates & my friends, who helped me a lot to
complete this work
And no words to thank the Almighty for the profuse blessing.
(PUSH RAJ MEENA)
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Introduction
Before deciding which technology is superior, let's talk a little
more about these two tecnologies:
y CDMA: stands for Code Division Multiple Access. Bothdata and voice are separated from signals using codes
and then transmited using a wide frequency
range. Because of this, there are more space left
for data transfer (this was one of the reasons why CDMA
is the prefered technology for the 3G generation, which
isbroadband access and the use of big
multimedia messages). 14% of the worldwide market
goes to CDMA. For the 3G generation CDMA uses 1x
EV-DO and EV-DV. It has a lot of users in Asia,
specially in South Korea.
y GSM: stands for Global System Mobile. Even though itis sold as "the latest technology" in several countries, this
technology is older than CDMA (and also TDMA). But
keep in mind that this doesn't mean that GSM is inferior
or worse than CDMA. Roaming readiness and fraud
prevention are two major advantages from this
technology. GSM is the most used cell phone technology
in the world, with 73% of the worldwide market. It has a
very strong presence in Europe.
TDMA technology is the less used from the three main digital
technologies (GSM, CDMA and TDMA) and we think it will
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gradually be replaced to CDMA or GSM. That's why the
GSM vs CDMA war. At one corner, GSM operators say it is
better "because it uses a SIM chip, it is the most used
technology worldwide, it is more secure and it is more
advanced". On the other corner, CDMA followers say it is
better "because it is the 3G generation chosen technology and
GSM will migrate to CDMA since CDMA is more
advanced..."
But which one of these statements are correct? Acordingly to
Nokia, "this discussion is not about technology anymore, but
about market". We think this is the best way to describe the
war between these two cell phone technologies.
In the beginning, GSM was in fact superior. It had more
services and allowed more data transfer. But CDMA, facing
the advantages of the competitor standard, soon delivered the
same features found on GSM. Nowadays, it is not possible to
say that GSM services are better than CDMA. Multimedia
messages, video, high-speed Internet access, digital camera
and even PDA function are some of the features we can foundon both technologies. The new CDMA 1XRTT technology,
which previews what G3 cell phones will bring, is more
advanced than EDGE, technology from the beginning of 3G
generation, allowing higher transfer rates.
Even the GSM SIM card advantage, that allows you to change
your cell phone and keep your phone list, is being surplaced
by some CDMA operators with a service that allows you tostore your phone book on the operator's database , allowingyou to recover your phone book even if your cell phone is
stolen (which is not possible with GSM, since if your cell
phone is stolen, your SIM card will be stolen together). Notice
that recently a new accessory called SIM backup was
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released, which allows you to backup the data stored in your
SIM card. Also some GSM operators are offering a similar
backup service.
So, nowadays both technologies are equiparated intechnology, but this picture won't be like that in the future.
Afterall, CDMA evolution ground is wider and in a few years
it will be superior than GSM. This means that GSM operators
will disapear? Not at all. They will migrate over CDMA and
the war will continue, because the existing CDMA operators
chose to use 1xEV-DO and1XEV-DV technologies for their
3G network and the existing GSM operators have opted for a
different technology, called WCDMA. Also, even though thecurrent GSM operators will migrate to WCDMA, they still
can use their existing GSM network. So users won't feel
anything special when the operators shift to the new cell
generation (3G), independently from the technology they
choose.
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Cell Phone Network Technologies: 2G
There are three common technologies used by 2G cell-phonenetworks for transmitting information (we'll discuss 3G
technologies in the 3G section):
y Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)y Time division multiple access (TDMA)y Code division multiple access (CDMA)
Although these technologies sound very intimidating, you can
get a good sense of how they work just by breaking down thetitle of each one.
The first word tells you what the access method is. The
second word, division, lets you know that it splits calls based
on that access method.
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y FDMA puts each call on a separate frequency.y TDMA assigns each call a certain portion oftime on a
designated frequency.
y CDMA gives a unique code to each call and spreads itover the available frequencies.
The last part of each name is multiple access. This simply
means that more than one user can utilize each cell.
FDMA
FDMA separates the spectrum into distinct voice channels by
splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth. To better
understand FDMA, think of radio stations: Each station sendsits signal at a different frequency within the available band.
FDMA is used mainly foranalog transmission. While it is
certainly capable of carrying digital information, FDMA is
not considered to be an efficient method for digital
transmission.
In FDMA, each phone uses a different frequency.
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TDMATDMA is the access method used by the Electronics Industry
Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association
forInterim Standard 54 (IS-54) and Interim Standard 136
(IS-136). Using TDMA, a narrow band that is 30 kHz wideand 6.7 milliseconds long is split time-wise into three time
slots.
Narrow band means "channels" in the traditional sense. Each
conversation gets the radio for one-third of the time. This is
possible because voice data that has been converted to digital
information is compressed so that it takes up significantly less
transmission space. Therefore, TDMA has three times thecapacity of an analog system using the same number of
channels. TDMA systems operate in either the 800-MHz (IS-
54) or1900-MHz (IS-136) frequency bands.
TDMA splits a frequency into timeslots.
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Unlocking Your GSM Phone
Any GSM phone can work with any SIM card, but some
service providers "lock" the phone so that it will only work
with their service. If your phone is locked, you can't use it
with any other service provider, whether locally or overseas.You can unlock the phone using a special code -- but it's
unlikely your service provider will give it to you. There are
Web sites that will give you the unlock code, some for a smallfee, some for free.
GSM
TDMA is also used as the access technology forGlobal
System for Mobile communications (GSM). However, GSMimplements TDMA in a somewhat different and incompatible
way from IS-136. Think of GSM and IS-136 as two differentoperating systems that work on the sameprocessor, like
Windows and Linux both working on an Intel Pentium III.
GSM systems use encryption to make phone calls more
secure. GSM operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands
in Europe and Asia and in the 850-MHz and 1900-MHz
(sometimes referred to as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States.
It is used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems. GSM is
also the basis forIntegrated Digital Enhanced Network
(IDEN), a popular system introduced by Motorola and used
byNextel.
GSM is the international standard in Europe, Australia and
much of Asia and Africa. In covered areas, cell-phone users
can buy one phone that will work anywhere where thestandard is supported. To connect to the specific service
providers in these different countries, GSM users simply
switch subscriber identification module (SIM) cards. SIM
cards are small removable disks that slip in and out of GSM
cell phones. They store all the connection data and
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identification numbers you need to access a particular wireless
service provider.
Unfortunately, the 850MHz/1900-MHz GSM phones used in
the United States are not compatible with the internationalsystem. If you live in the United States and need to have cell-
phone access when you're overseas, you can either buy a tri-
band or quad-band GSM phone and use it both at home and
when traveling or just buy a GSM 900MHz/1800MHz cell
phone for traveling. You can get 900MHz/1800MHz GSM
phones from Planet Omni, an online electronics firm based in
California. They offer a wide selection ofNokia, Motorola
and Ericsson GSM phones. They don't sell international SIMcards, however. You can pick up prepaid SIM cards for a
wide range of countries at Telestial.com.
CDMACDMA takes an entirely different approach from TDMA.
CDMA, after digitizing data, spreads it out over the entireavailable bandwidth. Multiple calls are overlaid on each other
on the channel, with each assigned a unique sequence code.CDMA is a form ofspread spectrum, which simply means
that data is sent in small pieces over a number of the discrete
frequencies available for use at any time in the specified
range.
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In CDMA, each phone's data has a
unique code.All of the users transmit in the same wide-band chunk of
spectrum. Each user's signal is spread over the entire
bandwidth by a unique spreading code. At the receiver, thatsame unique code is used to recover the signal. Because
CDMA systems need to put an accurate time-stamp on each
piece of a signal, it references the GPS system for this
information. Between eight and 10 separate calls can be
carried in the same channel space as one analog AMPS call.
CDMA technology is the basis forInterim Standard 95 (IS-
95) and operates in both the 800-MHz and 1900-MHz
frequency bands.
Ideally, TDMA and CDMA are transparent to each other. In
practice, high-power CDMA signals raise the noise floor for
TDMA receivers, and high-power TDMA signals can cause
overloading and jamming of CDMA receivers.
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2G is a cell phone network protocol. Click here to learn about
network protocols for Smartphones.
Now let's look at the distinction between multiple-band and
multiple-mode technologies.