QUIZ:HOMOLOGOUS&ANALOGOUSSTRUCTURESANDEVOLUTIONARYTREESPERIOD:
NAME: DATE:
Homologous&AnalogousStructures
1)Pleasematcheachstructure(s)withthetermontherightthatBESTdescribesit.(Youmayuseeachtermmorethanonce.)
A) Dorsal(Back)FininaShark&Dolphin________
B) “Eyes”inBlindCaveFish________
C) ButterflyWing&DragonflyWing________
D) “Humerus”BoneinaWhaleFlipper&inaHumanArm_______
a. AdaptiveStructuresb. AnalogousStructuresc. VestigialStructuresd. HomologousStructurese. PhylogeneticStructures
2)CompleteeachstatementwiththeBESTphrasefromthelisttotheright.(Youmayusethesamephrasemorethanonce.)
A) Analogousstructuresareevidencethat__________.
B) Homologousstructuresareevidencethat________.
C) Vestigialstructuresareevidencethat__________.
a. Sharearecentcommonancestorb. Shareatraitthatisnolongerusefultoonespeciesc. Sharethesameorasimilarenvironmentd. Sharesimilartraitsbycoincidence
3)Thetrilobitefossilsinthediagrambelowhavebeenorganizedintoabranchonanevolutionarytreebasedonhomologousstructures.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a. TrilobiteAshouldbeplacedinitsownbranch,withCasitsmostrecentancestor.
b. TrilobiteBshouldbeplacedbetweenC&D.c. TrilobiteCshouldbeplacedinitsownbranch,withDas
itsmostrecentancestor.d. TrilobiteBshouldbeplacedinitsownbranch,withDas
itsmostrecentancestor.e. Nochangestothebranchareneeded.
4) Whalesliveintheocean.Theydonothavelegs.However,theydohaveapelviswithsmalllegbonesattachedtoit.ThelegbonesaresosmallthattheyareNOTvisibleontheoutsideofthewhale.Thisisevidencethat:
a. Whalesarestillevolvingb. Whalesarenotwell-adaptedtoliveintheoceanc. Whalesevolvedfromlargerfishd. Whalesevolvedfromanimalsthatoncelivedonland.e. Whalesdonothavehomologousstructures
5)ThediagramsbelowshowtwoPOSSIBLEwaysthatthe4chamberedheartmayhaveevolved.Pleaseexplainthedifferencebetweenthesetwooptions.(Besuretousethewords“homologous”and“analogous”inyouranswer.)
EVOLUTIONARYTREES
PleaseusetheevolutionarytreeaboutdifferentmonsterspeciesONTHENEXTPAGEtohelpyouanswerthequestionsbelow.
6)PleasedrawastarontheevolutionarytreetoshowwherethecommonancestorofaSnorlaxandaBlastoisewouldbe.
7) Accordingtothetree,whichmonsterspeciesdivergedfromtheothersearliestintime?_________________________
8) Accordingtothetree,whattraitsdoesBlastoisehave?(CircleALLthatapply.)a. Feathersb. Wingsc. TailFired. Firee. Shellf. Tailg. Limbs
9) Accordingtothetree,whattraitsdoSquirtlesandCharmeleonsshare?(CircleALLthatapply.)a. Feathersb. Wingsc. TailFired. Firee. Shellf. Tailg. Limbs
10) Whichpairofpokemonaremorecloselyrelated?(Pleasecircleapair.)
Charmander&Charmeleon OR Charmander&Charizard?
Howdoyouknow?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11) ThediagrambelowshowsTWOevolutionarytrees,eachrepresentingaDIFFERENTpatternofevolution.
a. PleasefillintheblankaboveeachtreewiththeNAMEofthepatternofevolution.
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a. Pleasesummarizethedifferencebetweenthesetwopatternsofevolutionin1-2sentences:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ:ADAPTATIONS&SPECIATION PERIOD:NAME: DATE:
Pressures&Adaptations
1) Cactusplantstypicallygrowindryareas,likethesouthwest
UnitedStates.Basedonthephotototheright,pleaseidentifyTWODIFFERENTenvironmentalpressuresaffectingtheseplants,aswellasanadaptationtoeachpressure.
EnvironmentalPressure: RelatedAdaptation:
Pleaseusethefollowinginformationtohelpyouanswer#3and#4:InCalifornia,thereisaspeciesofsalamandercalledtheCaliforniaRedSalamander.Itisbrightredandispoisonoustoitspredators.TheEnsatinasalamanderlivesinthesameareaandisevolvingtohavethesameredcolor.
3) TheEnsatinaismostlikelyevolvinginthiswaybecause:a. Itisalsopoisonousb. Itwillblendintoitsenvironmentbetterc. Itwillhelpitstaywarmerd. ItwantstomatewiththeCaliforniaRedsalamandere. Itspredatorsthinkitispoisonous
4) ThisstrategyisBESTdescribedas:a. Adaptationb. Camouflagec. Competitiond. Mimicrye. Fitness
Pleaseusethefollowinginformationtohelpyouanswer#5and#6:Amedicine,penicillin,canbeusedtokillbacteria.Inthelab,youexpose1000bacteriacellstopenicillin.Itkills996ofthebacteriacells.Thefourbacteriacellsthatsurvivewereexposedtothepenicillinagain,butdidnotdie.
5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
a.thebacteriathatsurvivedcouldresistpenicillinbeforetheywereexposedtoit
b.thebacteriathatsurvivedchangedthemselvestobeabletoresistpenicillin
c.thebacteriathatsurvivedreproducedfasterthantheotherbacteria
d.thebacteriathatsurvivedlearnedhowtoresistpenicillin
6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
a. Overtime,thepercentageofhumansthatareresistanttopenicillinwillincreaseb. Overtime,thepercentageofbacteriathatareresistanttopenicillinwillincreasec. Overtime,thepercentageofbacteriathatareresistanttopenicillinwilldecreased. Overtime,thebacteriawillgoextincte. Overtime,thepenicillinwillbecomemoreeffective
7) Maleparrotshavefeathersthatarebrightcolors-likeredandyellow–eventhoughtheyaretypicallysurrounded
bygreenplants.Thismakesthemmorenoticeabletopredators!Basedonyourunderstandingofpressuresandadaptations,explainwhytheparrotsmighthavethesecolors.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Speciation
8) SpeciationisBESTdefinedas:a. Theprocessinwhichasinglespeciesbecomesmorediverseb. Theprocessinwhichasinglespeciesevolvesintomultiplespeciesc. Theprocessinwhichasinglespecieschangesgraduallyovertimed. Theprocessinwhichasinglespecieschangessuddenly&rapidlyovertimee. Theendingorextinctionofasinglespecies
9) Whattwothingsmusthappentoapopulationforspeciationtooccur?
a. _________________________________________________________________________________________________AND
b. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
10) WhichofthefollowingisLEASTLIKELYtoresultinisolation?a. Aforestfireburnsanareainthemiddleofaforestb. Humansbuildaroadthroughanareaofwildernessc. Afloodcausesanewrivertoformthroughagrasslandd. Agroupofinsectsbeginsingingadifferentmatingsongfromtherestofthepopulatione. Birdsmigratefromnorthernareastosouthernareaseachseason
11) WhichofthefollowingisMOSTLYLIKELYtoresultinspeciation?a. Giraffesliveinanenvironmentwithtalltrees.Overtime,theyevolvetohavelongerandlongernecks.b. Sharksanddolphinsbothliveintheoceanandfacethesameenvironmentalpressures.Overtime,theyevolve
tohavethesamebodyshape.c. SomebirdsfromthemainlandofSouthAmericagetblowntoanislandbyastorm.Overtime,theyadaptto
thenewislandenvironment.d. HomosapiensandNeanderthalscompeteforsurvival.HomosapienssurviveandNeanderthalsgoextinct.e. Theclimategraduallygetswarmerandthegrasslandhabitatsexpand.Zebrasliveinthegrasslands.Over
time,thezebrapopulationgrowslarger.
12) WhichofthefollowingistheBESTevidencethattheEnsatinasalamandershaveNOTYETspeciated:a. Theorangeandspottedsalamandersshareallofthesametraits,otherthancolor.b. Theorangeandspottedsalamandershavesimilarbehaviors.c. Theorangeandspottedsalamandershavethesamenumberofchromosomes.d. Theorangeandspottedsalamandersbreedtogether.e. Noneoftheabove.TheorangeandspottedsalamandersHAVEspeciated.
13) Bacteriaaresimple,singledcelledorganisms.Theyreproducewhenonecelldividesitselfintotwonewcells.
TheylacksophisticatedmechanismsforrepairingtheirDNA,somutationsoccurfrequently.Eventhoughwethinkofbacteriaasorganismsthatmakeussick,MOSTspeciesofbacteriaareactuallyharmlesstohumans.
A) Whichofthefollowingfactsmakeitdifficulttostudyspeciationinbacteria?a. Bacteriaaresimpleorganisms.b. Bacteriareproducebydividinginhalf.c. MutationsoccurfrequentlyintheirDNAd. Somebacteriaareharmfultohumanse. Mostbacteriaareharmlesstohumans
B) ExplainyouranswertopartA:
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DARWIN’SOBSERVATIONS&INFLUENCES
1) Darwinobservedmanydifferentplant,animal,andfossilspeciesonhistravelsaroundtheworld.Hebasedmanyofhisconclusionsaboutevolutionontheseobservations.PleasematcheachofhisobservationswiththeconclusionthatitBESTsupports.(Hint:UseeachletteronlyONCE.)
a. ___________FinchesontheGalapagosIslands
b. ____________Largebirds(ostriches,emus,andrheas)ondifferentcontinents.
c. ____________Glyptodontfossil&modernarmadilloinSouthAmerica
d. ____________EarthquakeinChilethatcausedlandunderneaththeseatoliftupoutofthewater
a. Specieschangeovertime
b. Homologousstructuresareevidencethataspeciessharedarecentcommonancestor
c. Extinctionoccurswhenspeciescannotadapttorapidchangeinenvironmentalpressures
d. Speciesthatfacesimilarenvironmentalpressureswilldevelopanalogoustraits
3) Lamarckwasascientistwhosuggestedthatanimalschangeovertimebecausetheywanttobemoreperfectfortheirenvironment.WasthisideahelpfultoDarwin?
a. No,becausetheideawaswrong–thisisnothowevolutionhappens.b. No,becauseLamarckstoleDarwin’sidea.c. No,becauseother scientistsacceptedLamarck’s ideas, so itwasharder forDarwin toconvince themto
believesomethingdifferent.d. Yes,becauseLamarckrealizedtherewasaconnectionbetweenthecharacteristicsaspecieshasandits
environment.e. Yes,becauseLamarck’sideaswerecorrect,soDarwincouldbuildonthem.f. Yes,becauseallideasarevaluable,eveniftheyarewrong.
4) Malthuswasahistorian&economistwhowroteafamousessayaboutthefutureofhumansocietiescalled“Onthe
PrincipleofPopulation.”HowdidMalthus’sideasinfluenceDarwin?a. Darwinrealizedthathisideasaboutevolutiondidnotapplytohumansb. Darwinrealizedthatindividualswithinanyspeciesmustcompetetosurvivec. Darwinrealizedthatpopulationsofindividualsevolvedifferentlywhentheyareisolatedd. Darwinrealizedthatpopulationsofindividualschangeovertimetoadapttotheirenvironments.e. Noneoftheabove–becauseMalthuswasnotascientist,Darwindidnotaccepthisideas.
5) Darwinwasalsoinfluencedbyatypeofevolutionheobservedcalled“artificialselection.”ThisisBESTdefinedas:
a. Humanscausingaspeciestoevolvebybreedingfordesirabletraitsb. Humanspreventingaspeciesfromevolvingbybreedingfordesirabletraitsc. Humansinterferingwithnaturalevolutionbychangingtheenvironmentd. Aspeciesevolvingbyadaptingtopressuresinitsnaturalenvironmente. Aspeciesnotevolvingeventhoughtherearenewenvironmentalpressuresf. Aspeciesevolvingbybreedingwithanotherspecies
6) Theideaof“artificialselection”influencedDarwinbygivinghimanexampleof:
a. Howevolutiondoesnotalwaysoccurb. Howtwospeciescouldbreedtocauseevolutionc. Howhumaninterventionisnecessarytocauseevolutiond. Howaspeciescanchoosetobreedinawaythatwillimproveitselfe. Howoffspringaremorelikelytohavetraitsthataresimilartotheirparents
NATURALSELECTION
Pleaseusethefollowinginformationtohelpyouanswer#6-9:The“pepperedmoth”livesinEurope.Itrangesincolorfromverylighttoverydarkgray.Likemanybugs,pepperedmothsareeatenbybirds.Thesebirdsusetheirvisiontohunt.Thepepperedmothlivesonbirchtrees,whichhavewhitebark.
ExamplesofPepperedMothColors: LightPepperedMothonBirchTree:
7) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthevariationseeninthepepperedmoths?a. Individualpepperedmothscanvarytheircolorstobebettercamouflaged.b. Withinthespeciesofpepperedmoth,individualsrangeincolorfromverylighttoverydarkgray.c. Therearemultiplespeciesofpepperedmoth,eachwithadifferentcolor.d. Overtime,thepepperedmothsvariedincolorfromlightgraytodarkgray.
8) Thereisalimittothetotalnumberofpepperedmothsthatcaneverexistinthepopulationbecause:
a. Theyhaveaveryshortlifespanb. Theycannotreproducequicklyenoughtoexceedacertainpopulationsizec. Therearenotenoughresourcesforalloffspringthatareborntosurvived. Therearenotenoughmatesavailablee. Theyareeatenbybirds
9) Asthepepperedmothpopulationevolvesbynaturalselection,thepepperedmothscompetewith…
a. Eachotherb. Otherbugsc. Thebirdsd. Thetreese. Theenviornment
10) Weknowthatthenumberoflightanddarkmothsinthepepperedmothpopulationhaschangedovertime.
Beforetheindustrialrevolution,over95%ofmothswerelightcoloredandtheremaining5%weredarkcolored.Whentheindustrialrevolutionbegan,humansbuildmanyfactoriesthatpollutedtheairwithsmokeandsoot.Thesootcoveredthebirchtrees,turningtheirbarkblack.Duringthistime,over95%ofmothsweredarkcoloredandtheremaining5%werelightcolored.Pleasewrite2-3sentencesexplainingHOWthischangeoccurred.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11) Manyofthecropsthatwefarmtodayforfood,likecorn,arewelladaptedtotheirenvironments,butdonothavemuchgeneticdiversity.WhichofthefollowingwouldbeMOSTLIKELYtooccurifanewfungusevolvedthatattackedcornplants?1. Farmedcornwouldgoextinctbecauseitcannotadapt2. Farmedcornwouldmutatetoadapttothefungus3. Farmedcornwouldevolvetoberesistanttothefungus4. Thefunguswouldevolvetoberesistanttothecorn5. Therewouldbelittle/noeffectonthecornbecauseitis
alreadywelladapted.
12) VariationexistswithinALLspeciesbecauseof:
a. Mitosisb. Meiosisc. Sexualreproductiond. Evolutionbynaturalselectione. RandommutationsinDNA
QUIZ:HISTORYOFLIFEONEARTH PERIOD:NAME: DATE:
1) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribeswheretheoxygenonEarthcamefrom:a. OxygenhasalwayssurroundedtheEarthfromthetimeitwasfirstformed.b. Oncetheearthcooled,volcanoeseruptedandreleasedoxygenthathadbeentrappedinsidetheEarth.c. Anearlyprokaryotecellevolvedtheabilitytodophotosynthesisandbeganreleasingoxygen.d. Earlytreesevolvedtheabilitytodophotosynthesisandbeganreleasingoxygen.e. Earlyoceananimalstookoxygenoutofthewatertobreathe.
2) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribeswheretheoceansonEarthcamefrom:
a. WaterhasalwaysbeenonthesurfaceoftheEarthfromthetimeitwasfirstformed.b. Oncetheearthcooled,volcanoeseruptedandreleasedwaterthathadbeentrappedinsidetheEarth.c. Anearlyprokaryotecellevolvedtheabilitytodophotosynthesisandbeganreleasingwater.d. TheicecapsonthepolesoftheEarthmeltedandcreatedtheoceans.e. Earlyoceananimalstookoxygenoutofthewatertobreathe.
3) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribeswherethesurfaceoftheEarth(theland)camefrom:
a. LavatouchedthewateronthesurfaceoftheEarthandquicklycooledandturnedsolid.b. ThelavathattheEarthwasmadeofgraduallycooledandturnedsolid.c. Volcanoeseruptedandreleasedlavathatcooledandturnedsolid.d. Oxygenreactedwiththelavaandcreatedland.e. ThesurfaceoftheEarthhasalwaysbeensolid.
4) Pleaseputthefollowingeventsinorderfromoldest(1)tomostrecent(9).
Firstcells(prokaryotes)appeared Earlyhumanancestors(inthegenusHomo)appeared Dinosaurswentextinct Reptiles&hibiansevolvedonland Floweringplantsbecamewidespread Jellyfish,sponges,&clamsevolvedintheocean Birdsevolved Oceansformed Largeamountsofoxygenpresentintheatmosphere
5) Pleaseshowthe4erasofEarth’shistoryaccuratelyonthetimelinebelow.(BesuretoclearlylabeltheNAME&DATES
ofeachera.)
5bya 4bya 3bya 2bya 1bya Today
6) Chloroplasts are the organelles in that carry out photosynthesis inside many plant cells. The best evidence that chloroplasts were once independent cells is:
a. Chloroplasts are green in color b. Chloroplasts have their own DNA c. Some cells are able to “eat” others by surrounding
them d. Not all plant cells have chloroplasts e. Oxygen is present in the Earth’s atmosphere
7) The process in which chloroplasts were incorporated into other prokaryotic cells to become eukaryotes is called: ____________________________
QUIZ:PRIMATE&HUMANEVOLUTION PERIOD:NAME: DATE:
1) Pleasedrawanevolutionarytreeshowingtherelationshipsbetweenthe5modernprimategroups:
2) Youareaprimatologistatthezoo.Youhaveanewanimaljoiningyourcollection.Shehasopposabletoes&thumbs,livesprimarilyontheground,andhasanon-prehensiletail.Whatprimategroupshouldshebeplacedwith?
a. OldWorldMonkeysb. NewWorldMonkeysc. Apesd. Humanse. Prosimiansf. Pergatorius
3) Whichtraitwouldbemosthelpfulindistinguishinganewworldmonkeyfromaprosimian?a. Bodysizeb. Numberofteethc. Descriptionoftaild. Binocularvisione. ShapeofNose
4) Pleasecircletrueorfalseforeach.Humansaretheonlyprimatesthat…a. usetools. TRUE FALSEb. careforsickorinjuredindividuals. TRUE FALSEc. usefacialexpressionstocommunicate. TRUE FALSEd. spendmultipleyearsraisingandteachingtheiroffspring. TRUE FALSE
5) Pleasecircletrueorfalseforeach:a. Humansaremorecloselyrelatedtomonkeysthantheyaretogorillas. TRUE FALSEb. Humansevolvedfrommoderndaychimpanzees. TRUE FALSEc. Australopithecuswasacommonancestorofbothmodernhumans
andmodernchimpanzees. TRUE FALSEd. Atsomepointsinhistory,thereweremultiplehominin(human)species
LivingonEarthatthesametime. TRUE FALSE
6) CompareandcontrastAustralopithecusandHomoerectus:a. Bothwerebipedal,butonlyHomoerectusstilllivedinthetreesb. Bothhadequallylargebrains,butonlyHomoerectuswasbipedalc. Bothhadequallylargebodies,butonlyHomoerectushadamodernhumanbraind. Bothwerebipedal,butonlyHomoerectusmadehuntingweaponsandusedfiree. BothwereancestorsoftheNeanderthals,butonlyHomoerectusinterbredwiththem
7) Twoofthemajortraitsthatdistinguishhumansfromotherprimatesarebeingfullybipedalandhavingthelargest,mostintelligentbrains.Whatpressuresdrovethedevelopmentofthesetwotraitsinhumanevolution?(PleasebespecificaboutBOTHtraits!)
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