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Quality Assured Measurements of Animal Building Emissions: Part 2. Particulate
Matter Concentrations
Albert Heber; Teng Lim; John Gallien, Ji-Qin Ni; Pei-Chun Tao
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Larry JacobsonUniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
Jacek KozielTexas A&M University, Amarillo, TX
Steven HoffIowa State University, Ames, IA
Yuanhui ZhangUniversity of Illinois, Urbana, IL
Jerry BaughmanNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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ObjectivesDescribe use of TEOM in livestock
buildings to measure TSP, PM10 and PM2.5.
Discuss QAQCShow some preliminary data
collected this year
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Laying House PM
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Dust Measuring Strategies Determine temporal variation (Hinze et al., 1998)
Semi-continuous mass monitor Representative exhaust fan (minimum winter)Calibrate with FRM
Determine spatial variation (Wang et al., 1999)Multi-point gravimetric filter samplingMultiple exhausts plus ambientCalibrate with FRM
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TEOM flow schematic Sampling Inlet
Vacuum Pump
Sensor Unit
Flow Splitter
Control Unit
3.00 l/min
Main Flow 13.67 l/min
Aux. Flow Flow Controller
Filter
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TEOM record in a pig house (Hinz et al., 1998)
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PM Monitoring Schematic
Barn I n strument
shelter
TEOM control ler uni t
DAQ
TEOM sensor and inlet
PREF Ventilation fan
Cables and heated vacuum
lines
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Raceway Contains Vacuum Lines
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TEOM PM10
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System Calibration
Flow controller calibration (software) Mass flow controller calibration (hardware) Analog calibration Mass transducer verification Flow audit procedure Ambient temperature calibration Barometric pressure calibration
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TEOM Maintenance Filter replacement PM-10 inlet cleaning Replacing large bypass in-line filter Replacing flow controller filters Cleaning air inlet system Leak testing
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Changing TEOM Filter
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Loaded TEOM Filter
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“Feathered” Bug Screen
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Plugged Bug Screen
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PM10 Inlet Body
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Large Particles Collected
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Collocated TEOMS, FRM
Faninlet
External screen
PM10
inlet
Cabinet
Wedding PM10
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Collocated PM10 Measurements24-h at laying house exhaust
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/m
3 TEOM ATEOM B
`
Lights on
Lights off
Anticipatory Feeding
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Four Collocated TEOMs in laying house exhaust (4/3/02)
0
400
800
1200
1600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/m
3 TEOM ATEOM BTEOM CTEOM D
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TSP vs. PM10 in Laying House Exhaust Air (5/2/02)
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/
m3 TSP A
PM10 B
TSP C
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Collocated PM2.5, PM10, TSP at laying house
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/m
3
TSP
PM10
PM2.5
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Effect of Filter Loading
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/m
3 New filterLoaded filter
Humidity Effect
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Lagoon
Tunnel-ventilated finishing houses
with flushing
Oil sprinkledbuilding
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Oil Sprinkling
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Oil pressure
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TSP Measurements in Two Swine Barns (11/08/02)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/m
3
Amb
Barn B
Barn A
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Effect of Pig Activity on TSP
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Con
cent
ratio
n,
g/
m3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Activ
ity, V
TSP
Activity
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Nine shrouded vanes installed at laying house
Open vane (cheaper)
50% variations with static pressure!
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UIUC test of anemometer
Calibration atUIUC BESS Lab
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Open impeller vane anemometer
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Open propeller
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Small Vane Anemometer Readings vs. Building Static Pressure
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0
Time of day, h
Ven
tilat
ion
rate
, m3/s
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
dP, p
a
Fan 3
dP
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Summary First measurements of TSP, PM10 and
PM2.5 in livestock buildings in U.S. have been conducted.
QAQC is critical to TEOM success. Moisture is adsorbed and desorbed Oil sprinkling reduces PM Real-time concentrations correlated to
animal activity Anemometers provide real-time airflow
data.
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Check out www.AgAirQuality.com
Questions?