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PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL
LAW
BY –
SURBHI WADHWA
Assistant Professor (Law)
Jiwaji University,
Gwalior
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What is the difference between
International Law and Municipal
Law?
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The basis of both laws is different in many
ways.
Firstly, International Law is majorly
concerned with the relation among States.
Whereas Municipal Law controls the
relationship between individuals and the
State and between the individuals within a
State.
Introduction
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Secondly, in the case of International Law, the law is not above the individuals but between the sovereign States and the States themselves create the law.
In International Law, the States often disobey the laws or create laws as per their interests. Whereas in the case of Municipal Law, the law is deemed to be above the individuals, as is the case with the laws of most of the countries, the law is deemed to be above individuals.
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Thirdly, the sources of both laws differ.
Article 38 of the Statute of the ICJ is considered as the most authoritative statement of the sources of law for the Public International Law.
It states the sources of law such as customs, conventions, treaties, general principles of law recognized by civilized nations and judicial decisions and teachings of highly qualified publicists.
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Whereas in the case of Municipal Laws
there is a hierarchy of laws which
determines, which legal commandment is
more authoritative than others. For
instance, in many countries, a hierarchy of
courts is established wherein the
judgments of higher courts are of more
authoritative value and thus are relied
upon by the lower courts.
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Theories of Relationship
Monistic Theory
Dualistic Theory
Specific Adoption Theory
Delegation Theory
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Monistic Theory
Exponents – Kelsen, Wright, Westlake
Municipal Law as well as International law
are parts of one legal system serving the
needs of the human community in one
way or the other.
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Both systems regulate the conduct of the
individuals (municipal law does so
immediately, international law does so
mediately, through states)
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In actual practice, states do not follow
Monistic Theory.
Reason – International Law and Municipal
Law are two separate systems of law.
Each state is sovereign and as such not
bound by international law.
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Dualistic Theory
Exponents –Triepel, Anzilloti, Starke
International law and Municipal laws of
the several states are two distinct,
separate and self-contained legal systems.
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The subjects of Municipal Law are
individuals, while subjects of International
Law are States.
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Specific Adoption Theory
International law are not automatically
applicable in the municipal sphere, and
they become binding on municipal courts,
only if such rules are transformed into
municipal legislation.
Geneva Convention
Vienna Convention
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Delegation Theory
There is delegated to each state
Constitutional rules of international law
which permit each state to determine as
to how international treaties will become
applicable in the field of state law.
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