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PublicHealthConcernsRelatedtotheAvailabilityandUseofMarijuana
LeelanauCountySubstanceAbusePreventionCoalition
PublicHealthconcernsregardingmarijuanausearefocusedonhealth,safety,
andthefactorsthatsupportthesuccessandwell-beingofourchildren,grandchildrenandfriendsofallages.
ThisinfographicisdesignedtobringtolightmanyofthesePublicHealthconcerns.
THC(Tetrahydrocannabinol)isthepsychoactiveingredientinmarijuana.
Marijuanauseislinkedtosubsequentopiateandheroinuse.“Cannabisuse,evenamongadultswithmoderatetoseverepain,wasassociatedwithasubstantiallyincreasedriskofnon-medicalprescriptionopioiduse…”Source:TheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry(2017)
%THCLevels %CBDLevels
Net%THCLevels
Then–Leaf 1.5–2.5% 1.0–1.5% 0.5-1.5%
Current–Leaf 15.0–25.0% 0–0.5% 15.0–24.5%
Edibles 40–55+% 0.0% 40–55+%Oils(THC) 80–90+% 0.0% 80–90+%
TODAY’SMARIJUANAisnotthesameasinthe1970’sand80’s(“then”).Whenwehearitsaidthatmarijuanais‘natural’–notanymore.Today’s(“current”)THCtoxicityhasanimpactthatcanbesurprising–relatingtohealtheffects.
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IncreasedAvailability=IncreasedAccessbyYouth=
IncreasedUsebyYouth
LeelanauCountyMedicalMarijuanaCardHolders
2016Population
#MarijuanaPatients
#Caregivers
Rateofcardholdersper1,000residents
%changeofcardholderssince2012
21,765 411 71 18.9 47%*MM=MedicalMarijuanaCardHoldersSources:StateofMichiganLARAandMiPHYStudentSurvey
4.32%
4.95% 5.20% 5.20% 5.35% 5.38% 5.59%
7.33% 7.93% 8.07%
8.65% 8.68%
9.08% 9.70% 9.77%
10.43%
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
UtahMississippiOklahomaAlabamaVirginia
IowaArkansasCalifornia
WashingtonDistrictofColumbia
NevadaMassachusetts
ColoradoMaineOregonAlaska
Past30DayUseofMarijuanafor12and17yearoldsbyStateswithandwithoutmarijuanalegalizationlaws
(2016)
Althoughtheuseofmarijuanaisillegalforyouth,researchshowsthatyouthuseratesgoupasavailabilityandaccessincrease.ThisisconsistentacrosstheStates,asthosewithlegalizationormedicalmarijuanalawshavethehighestyouthuserates.
StatesthathavelegalizedmarijuanaforrecreationaluseStatesthatdoNOThavemedicalorrecreationalmarijuanaSource:SAMHSA.gov
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Weeklyusebyadolescentsisassociatedwithimpairedlearning,memory,mathandreading,aswellasfailuretograduatefromhighschool.Perspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth
ANewZealandstudyshowedthat“peoplewhostartedsmokingmarijuanaheavilyintheirteens…lostuptoeightIQpointsbetweentheagesof13and38.”Theselostmentalabilitiesfailedtoreturntoeventhosewhoquitusing…intheiradultyears.Source:SafeguardMichigan’sFuture:ProsecutingAttorney’sAssociationofMichigan
MENTALHEALTHCONCERNSSeveralstudieshavelinkedmarijuanausetoincreasedriskformentalillnesses,includingpsychosis(Schizophrenia),depressionandanxiety.Source:NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse
Thesesymptomsareworsewithhigher(THC)doses.Source:MedicalandRecreationalMarijuanafromaPublicHealthPerspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth,et.al.
Potuseisstronglycorrelatedwithpsychosis
USE&ImpairedLearning
IQLOSSOF
8POINTS
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2012–2016TrafficCrashDataTrendsYear Total
CrashesFatal
CrashesInjuryCrashes
Fatalities Injuries
2012 76 70 5 78 612013 78 70 6 86 712014 91 77 9 87 872015 102 97 2 109 832016 160 138 15 159 172
Pre-andPostNatalExposure• BiologicalevidenceshowsthatTHCcanpassthroughtheplacentaas
wellasthroughthebreastmilk.• Marijuanausemaybeassociatedwithanincreasedriskofheart
defectsorstillbirth.• Strongerevidencehighlightstheeffectsseenmonthsoryearsafterthe
birthifthechild’smotherusedduringgestation.Someeffectsincludedecreasedgrowth,impairedcognitivefunction,decreasedacademicabilityandincreaseddepressionsymptoms.Source:MedicalandRecreationalMarijuanafromaPublicHealthPerspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth,et.al.
MarijuanaRelatedFatalCarCrashesIncrease211%inMichiganfrom2012-2016
MichiganStatePolice(MSP)DriversTestedPositiveforCannabinoidDrugs(Delta9,HashishOil,Hashish,Marijuana/Marihuana,Marinol,Tetrahydrocannabinois,THC,orCannabinoid,typeunknown)
SecondHandSmokeAfterjustoneminuteofexposuretosecond-handsmoke–ArteryRecoveryTime:
TOBACCOSMOKE:30minutes
MARIJUANASMOKE:90minutesSource:JournalofAmericanHealthAssociation:July2016
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IncomeforMunicipalities?!?Thecostofhavingamarijuanabusinessgoesbeyondwhatisreceivedintaxes.Thecostofamarijuanabusinessalsoincludestheharmcausedtothecommunity.Examplesinclude;fatalvehiclecrashes,emergencydepartmentandotherhealthcareservices,localemployercosts,aswellasfamilyproblemsandothercoststhatoccuraroundaddictionandmentalhealth illness.Basically,community leadersalsoconsiderthecostsaroundtheHealth,SafetyandVitalityofthefamiliesandbusinessesintherespectivecommunities.Ourexperiencewiththealcoholandtobaccoindustriesshowusthat;forevery$1collectedintaxes,coststothecommunityareapproximately$10.
BusinessExperiences:
“TheMichiganChamberofCommerceopposesthelegalizationofmarijuanaasitwouldthreatentheabilityofemployerstomaintainasafe…workplace.”Source:www.michamber.com
