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PSYCHOLOGY
THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL
PROCESSES
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Why do we study psychology?
• To describe
• To predict
• To explain
• To change our behavior and experience
• To make sound decisions
• To help people
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GOALS
• To challenge “common sense”
• To gain understanding and tolerance
• To prepare for times that will be both good and bad, and all points between
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We all know that:
• If it doesn’t kill us it will just make us stronger.
• We would never do that!
• We can multitask effectively.
• Our emotions impair our reasoning.
• Couples should stay together for the kids.
• Nice guys finish last.
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The scientific study of behavior
• Wide scope
• Emphasis on evidence acquired through the methods of science
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How about animals?
• Do animals think?
• Are they smart?
• Do they feel emotions?
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How important is psychology?
• Abu Ghraib
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Why psychology?
Are nonstop electronics posing risks?
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• Special Education
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• Enhancing performance
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Big Questions
• Do we have Free Will?
• Do we really make decisions or are we just playing out a script?
Chaos
Sin
Crime
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What do psychologists do?
• Explore biopsychology
Brain trauma Drugs - neurotransmitters Genetics Evolutionary influences
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Study our cognitive capabilities and processes.
• How do we think and acquire knowledge?
• How can we treat learning disabilities?
• How can we control our “self talk”?
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Study human development
• When should we able to perform various tasks?
• What is the process of our development- from conception to death.
• What causes things to go wrong
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Social psychology
• The study of the influences we exert on one another.
• Persuasion.
• The intersection of law and psychology.
the jury system
the death penalty
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Professionals
• Counselors who listen and treat
• Psychiatrists who can prescribe
• Psychoanalysts who analyze
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Industrialorganizational
• Using psychology in the work setting
• How do employers select, train and pay their employees
• NFL combine
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Psychology as a Major?
• Suitable for many purposes
• Employment – Without a Master’s
With a Master’s
• P.H.D. programs
• Women - the new majority?
• Professional schools
• Typical classes
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The history of psychology
• From the dawn of time …..
• The Bible – Proverbs
• The Greeks tragedies Aristotle- observation and
rational analysis
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History cont.
• The Scientific Method – applying the rigor of the physical sciences to behavior and consciousness
• 1880 Wilhelm Wundt• The fist lab devoted to psychology• Ran experiments, collected data• Studied consciousness – with little
success
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History Cont.
• 1880 – William James &
Functionalism
• Stark contrast to Wundt
• Focus on utility
• The Principles of Psychology
• Inspirational, timeless
• But no research
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History vitwo geniuses
• Pavlov- 1905, Moscow• The discovery of Classical Conditioning and the
dawn of behaviorism
• Freud- 1900, Vienna• The birth of psychodynamic theory • Personality and behavior are controlled by
unconscious forces stemming from our childhood
• Dominated treatment and personality theory
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History-behaviorism
• Experience? Thoughts? Emotions?• Who cares?!?• In response to frustration with animal IQ
studies and the vague nature and unsettling assumptions of psychodynamics
• GOAL – to observe and quantify without inferences
• FOCUS – use animals to uncover the basic laws of learning and behavior
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History of psychology beyond behaviorism
• Albert Ellis – the power of irrational thinking – self talk
• “I must be approved or lovedby every significant person in my community”• “If I’m not thoroughly compe-tent in everything I do, I’mworthless.”