Download - Psychological Basis of Pd
Personality
Development
Its Psychological basis
Less on the environment Sequence movement of finger, standing,
walking, etc. Walk before running, and stand before
walking. Environmental factors may speed up or slow in
development.
Motor Development
Effects of deprivation Children whose learning opportunities are
restricted during the first two or three years of life, are seriously behind in language and intellectual skills.
Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist, made the most intensive study of children’s cognitive development.
Intellectual Development
Sensorimotor
Infants are busy
discovering the
relationships between
actions and consequences
Preoperational
Children learn to use
language to represent
objects using words.
Concrete Operational
Child can think logically about
objects and events
Formal Operational
12 years old – thinks
hypothetical, future and ideological problems
Series of distinct stages of children maturity: by Jean Piaget
Defines intelligent behavior as the general capacity of
the individual to think reasonably and to act with good judgment.
Personality Development & Public Relations
FIVE FACTORS1 Capacity to learn is determined by heredity and
environment2 Capacity for abstract thinking is the capacity to think in terms
of concepts.3 Mental alertness is quickness of observation, understanding,
and reaction.4 Sound judgment is the result of wisdom, common sense, and
does not allow himself to fall into hasty generalization, bias, and prejudice.
5 General adaptability is the all around ability to fit successfully into a variety of situation.
Development is a continuous process extending from
birth through adulthood to old age.
DEVELOPMENT AS A LIFELONG PROCESS
1st Year• Child’s feelings of trust in other people is
largely dependent on his relationships with his mother
Preschool Years• Children progress from a simple self-
control to an ability to initiate activities and carry them out.
Aging Years• Beginning age of 65, bring new problems,
declining physical strengths limits the person’s activities.
Middle Adulthood• Constitute most productive period. Men
are at the peak of careers & women have less responsibility at home.
WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE SUCCESSFUL?
Motivations & Emotions
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-actualization Aesthetic:
symmetry, order, & beauty
Cognitive: To know, understand, & explore
Esteem: to achieve, be competent, and gain approval & recognition
Belongingness & love : to affiliate with others, be accepted, and belong
Safety: to feel secure and safe, out of danger
Physiological needs: hunger, thirst, and so forth
There are pleasant emotions such as love,
feelings of accomplishment, and affection; there are also unpleasant emotions, as fear, anxiety, and anger.
LOVE & AFFECTION are emotional responses which, if expressed in a positive way form the basis for many of man’s greatest achievements.
Love builds tolerance, friendliness, and etc. If love is used negatively, it can result in
vanity, selfishness, and deteriorate into hate and jealousy
KINDS OF EMOTION
Hurt is not avoidable; Live life to its fullest, and
we’re bound to encounter disappointment and rejection;
Most people associate vulnerability but there’s nothing wrong with feeling vulnerable & no reason to fight the pain;
Teenagers are more susceptible
HOW TO HANDLE YOUR
HURT
You’re vulnerable every time
you become deeply
involved with other people.
Confronts your emotions; Analyze your expectation; probe into the reasons for being
rejected; Reviewing relationship may help you
avoid repeating the same mistakes;
TIPS & REALITY Worst part of getting hurt is the
realization that both you & your friend are fallible;
Sometimes, we dream that everything is perfect, and getting hurt shakes us back to reality;
Once we touch down, we may land hard; Vulnerability may produce
psychological disorders; Frustrations and anger should be
expressed rather than suppressed; ULCERS, HEADACHES, COLITIS,
AND ALLERGIES might occur when fail to deal with emotional conflicts;
a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.
HOW TO HANDLE YOUR ANGER
Can I control My Anger? Watch your personal pressure gauge to
make sure steam isn’t building up inside.
Avoid situations that irritate you. If you’re already mad and getting
madder, draw off the rage harmlessly. Learn to recognize and understand why
you feel what you feel.
Of all our feelings, anger is perhapsThe quickest, the least likely to mesh with how
We’d like to see ourselves, how we’d like to appear…
Denial When an external reality is too unpleasant to
face, an individual may deny that it exists. Repression This is a defense against internal threat.
Memories that are too threatening are excluded from conscious awareness. Cases of amnesia illustrate some aspects of repression.
Rationalization It is the assignment of logical motives to what
we do, so that we see, to have acted properly. We reach for a “good” reason rather than a “true” reason.
Projection This protects us from recognizing our own
undesirable qualities by assigning them to other people. (you cheat because other people do so)
DefenseMechanism Unconscious processes that defend a person against anxiety by distorting reality in some way.
Relaxation
Find a position in which you can be relaxed and alert at the same time.
Take 3 deep breaths and let them out slowly
Exercises for inner beauty
Receptivity Now that your active mind is
becoming still, you can contact your inner voice, that place within you that can suggest answers to your questions with honesty and wisdom. Reflection
Focus on something of beauty
Responsibility Make specific
commitment and follow the path