^
PSILOTALES
PREVIOUSLY
ASSIGNED
OWN PHYLUM
PSILOTOPHYTA
SYNONYM
P
PSILOTOPHYTA
^
COMMON NAMES
L
PSILOPHYTES
WHISK FERNS
PSILOTUM
WHISK
BROOM
^
DIVERSITY
EARTH
~12 SPECIES
1 SPECIES
^
REPRESENTATIVE
GENERA
PSILOTUM TMESIPTERIS
^
DISTRIBUTION
&
HABITAT
^
TMESIPTERIS
+
TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS
E
ENDEMIC
SOUTH PACIFIC
EARTH
ENDEMIC
SOUTH PACIFIC
E
TMESIPTERIS
ENDEMIC
ENDEMIC
GEOGRAPHICALLY
RESTRICTED
ENDEMIC
SOUTH PACIFIC
REGION
TMESIPTERIS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
+
TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS
E
TMESIPTERISTMESIPTERIS
EPIPHYTE EPIPHYTE
^
PSILOTUM
+
PSILOTUM
TROPICAL
EARTH
W
WARM TEMPERATE
EARTH
PSILOTUM
INDIGENOUS
ALABAMA
PSILOTUM
I
INDIGENOUS
INDIGENOUS
GEOGRAPHICALLY
NATIVE
INDIGENOUS
WETLANDS
+
PSILOTUM
NON-EPIPHYTE
^
GENERAL
CHARACTERS
>
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
CHARCTERIZE
PSILOTALES
MEIOSIS
SPOROCYTES 2N
SPORES 1N
MITOSISGAMETOCYTES 1N
MITOSIS
GAMETE
SPERM
1N
GAMETE
EGG
1N
SYNGAMY
ZYGOTE 2N
MITOSIS
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
SPOROPHYTE2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
SPOROPHYTE
1N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
PSILOTALES
LIFE CYCLE
SPOROPHYTE
2N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE
GAMETOPHYTE
1N PHASE
MULTICELLULAR
GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE
^
SPOROPHYTE
CHARACTERS
^
MORPHOLOGY
+
PSILOTUMMORPHOLOGY
HR
PSILOTUM
HIGHLY REDUCED
MORPHOLOGY
+
AERIAL
STEM
RHIZOME
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ROOT ABSENT
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
C
COOKSONIAPSILOTUM
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ROOT ABSENT
R
COOKSONIAPSILOTUM
RHYNIOPHYTA
HR
HIGHLY REDUCED
FERN PSILOTUM
P
HIGHLY REDUCED
FERN PSILOTUM
^
PTERIDOPHYTA
ROOT
AERIAL
STEM
RHIZOME
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
TRUE ROOT
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
A
AERIAL
STEM
RHIZOME
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
TRUE ROOT: ABSENT
LOST VIA REDUCTION
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
^
STEM
^
STEM STELE
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM
+
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM P
PROTOSTELE
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM A
PROTOSTELE / ACTINOSTELE
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM X
~1 XYLEM / MATURATION
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM >
P
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM
PROTOXYLEM
~1 XYLEM / MATURATION
M
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM
PROTOXYLEM
METAXYLEM
~1 XYLEM / MATURATION
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM
PROTOXYLEM
METAXYLEM
E
~1 XYLEM / MATURATION
ENDARCH
C.S. PSILOTUM
STEM
PROTOXYLEM
METAXYLEM
^
RHIZOME
AERIAL
STEM
RHIZOME
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ROOT ABSENT
PSILOTUM
V
AERIAL
STEM
VERY SMALL
RHIZOME
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ROOT ABSENT
PSILOTUM
L
AERIAL
STEM
LIMITED
LATERAL GROWTH
ENATION
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ROOT ABSENT
PSILOTUM
M
RHIZOME
PSILOTUM
MYCORRHIZAE
ABUNDANT
D
RHIZOME
DICHOTMOUS
BRANCHING
PSILOTUM
MYCORRHIZAE
ABUNDANT
^
AERIAL STEM
PSILOTUMAERIAL STEM
DICHOMTOMOUS
BRANCHING
ENATION
AERIAL
STEM
PSILOTUM
ROOT ABSENT
PSILOTUM
RHIZOME
P
PSILOTUM
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
AERIAL STEM
D
PSILOTUM
DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING
AERIAL STEM
?
PSILOTUM
?
PSILOTUM
?
E
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
ENATIONS
PRESENT
ENATIONS
PRESENT
F
+
PSILOTUM
FROND
PSILOTUM
FROND
^
FROND
^
MORPHOLOGY
PSILOTUM
FROND
PSILOTUM
S
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
SCALE-LIKE
ENATION
P
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
PSYN
H
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
HIGHLY
REDUCED
MEGAPHYLL
!
TRUE
NON-REDUCED
ENATIONS
SAWDONIA ^
FROND / ENATION
EVOLUTION
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
FROND / ENATION
EVOLVED
VIA
REDUCTION
LAMINA
SIMPLE
FERN FROND
R
SIMPLE
FERN FRONDREDUCTION
+
SIMPLE
FERN FRONDREDUCTION
>
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
FROND
SCALE-LIKE
ENATION
>
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
FROND
HIGHLY
REDUCED
MEGAPHYLL
^
PHYLLOTAXY
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
FROND
FROND
PHYLLOTAXY
A
NODE
NODE
PSILOTUM
PSILOTUM
FROND
FROND
ALTERNATE
PHYLLOTAXY
^
NODE
NODE
SPORANGIUM
MULTIPLE
CELL
INITIALS
WALL CELLS THICK WALL
SPOROCYTES
WALL CELLS
SPOROCYTES
TAPETUM
NUMEROUS
SPORES
L.S.
LARGE SIZE
E
MULTIPLE
CELL
INITIALS
WALL CELLS THICK WALL
SPOROCYTES
WALL CELLS
SPOROCYTES
TAPETUM
NUMEROUS
SPORES
EUSPORANGIUM L.S.
LARGE SIZE
+
PSILOTUMPSILOTUM
EUSPORANGIUM
EUSPORANGIUM
EUSPORANGIUM
F
PSILOTUMPSILOTUM
EUSPORANGIUM
FUSED
EUSPORANGIUM
FUSED
EUSPORANGIUM
FUSED
PSILOTUMAERIAL STEM
EUSPORANGIA
FUSED
?
C.S.
PSILOTUM
?
AERIAL STEM
S
C.S.
PSILOTUM
SYNANGIUM
AERIAL STEM
S
C.S.
SYNANGIUM
PSILOTUM
SYNANGIUM
FUSED
SPORANGIA
PSILOTUM
SYNANGIUM
+
PSILOTUM
SYNANGIUM
AERIAL STEM
^
C.S.
SYNANGIUM
EVOLUTION