-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
1/18
Promoting Urine Elimination
Concepts of Nursing NUR 123
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
2/18
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
3/18
Factor affecting voiding
Developmental factor : Infant may urinate 20 times a day.
The output decreased at older people according to thedecrease of renal function.
Fluid and food intake : the healthy body maintains abalance between the amount of fluid ingested and theamount of fluid eliminated. Some foods and fluid change inurine color.
Medications : diuretics increase urine formation.
Pathologic conditions: such as kidney or heart disorders.
Psychosocial factors: such as not suitable time or place.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
4/18
Altered urine production and elimination
1- Hematuria: red blood cell in the urine.
2- Dysuria: painful or difficult urination .
3- Anuria : total urine out put less than 50 ml in 24 hr.
4- Oliguria: total urine out put less than 500 ml in 24 hr.
5- Urinary frequency ; is voiding at frequent intervals,that is more than usual.
6- Urgency : is sudden strong desire to void.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
5/18
Assessment
A complete assessment of the patient's urinaryfunction include:
Nursing history: normal voiding pattern andfrequency, appearance of urine and any recentchanges, habits of diet and fluid intake.
Physical examination of the genitourinarysystem, hydration status, and examination of the urine:
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
6/18
Assessment
Measuring urinary output normally, the kidneyproduce urine at a rate of approximately 60 mL
per hr or about 1500 ml per day, urine out putbelow 30 ml/hr indicate kidney malfunction.
Diagnostic tests: blood urea nitrogen,creatinine and urine analysis.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
7/18
Diagnosis
Impaired urinary elimination.Functional urinary incontinence.
Planning :
Maintain or restore normal voiding pattern
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
8/18
Promoting Bowel Elimination
Concepts of Nursing NUR 123
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
9/18
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
10/18
Process of Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a wavelike movement producedby the muscle fibers of the intestinal wall.
Peristalsis is under control of the nervous
system.
Contractions occur every 3 to 12 minutes.
One-third to one-half of food waste is excretedin stool within 24 hours.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
11/18
Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination
Developmental considerations.
Daily patterns.
Food and fluid intake.
Activity and muscle tone.
Lifestyle, psychological variables.
Pathologic conditions.Medications.
Surgery and anesthesia.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
12/18
Nursing Interventions to Promote NormalBowel Elimination
The nurse can help the patient to achieve a regular defecation byattending to:
Privacy
Timing- Patients should be encouraged to defecate when theurge to defecate is recognized.
Nutrition and fluids
Exercise - Ambulation helps to stimulate normal motility, andtherefore should be encouraged in post-surgical patients.
Positioning
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
13/18
Nursing Interventions for constipatedpatients
Increase fluid intake. Instruct the patient todrink fruit juices.
Include fiber in the diet with foods.
Administration of laxatives.
Administration of Enema
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
14/18
Nursing Interventions for patients withdiarrhea
Encourage intake of fluids and food.
Eating small amounts of bland foods.
Encourage the ingestion of food or fluids containingpotassium, since diarrhea can lead to greatpotassium losses.
Avoid excessively hot or cold fluids and highlyspiced foods and high fiber foods that canaggravate diarrhea.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
15/18
Promoting Proper Nutrition
Concepts of Nursing NUR 123
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
16/18
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
17/18
Factors Affecting Food Habits
1. Age.
2. Religion.
3. Culture.
4. Education.
5. Socio-economic status.
6. Lifestyle.
7. Health status.
8. Medications.
9. Psychological factors.
-
7/31/2019 Promoting Urine Elimination+Promoting Bowel Elimination+Promoting Proper Nutrition
18/18
Nursing Interventions
1. Screening patients for nutritional risk.
2. Observing intake and appetite.
3. Evaluating the patients tolerance.
4. Assisting the patient with eating.
5. Administering enteral and parenteral feedings.
6. Consulting with the dietitian and physician.7. Addressing potential for drug-nutrient reactions.
8. Participating in nutrition education efforts.