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#PROJECTACNEBrought to you by the Skin & Cancer Foundation Inc.
LESSON 1
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STUDENT OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
• Identify the layers, and explain key functions of the skin
• Define acne and recognise key steps in acne formation
• Correctly identify acne myths
• Describe the physical appearance of acne, and the
physiological impact on individuals
• Understand the psychological impact of acne and identify
resources and services available for individuals with acne
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YOUR CHANGING SKIN
Part A
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Exploring the body’s largest organ: the skin
Your skin provides
protection from the
external environment,
whilst keeping the
internal environment
of the body stable.
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What are the functions of the skin?
Protection Thermal regulation
Sensation
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Function: Protection
The skin provides a barrier between the body’s
internal environment and its surroundings.
It prevents the entry of chemicals, toxins and
micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi,
which can cause infection. It provides
protection from ultra-violet radiation and
damage from physical injury.
The skin also works to retain body fluids and
moisture.
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Function: Thermal regulation
Temperature regulation is aided by the skin
through the sweat glands and blood vessels.
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Function: Sensation
The skin detects the sensations of heat, cold,
pressure, contact and pain through nerve
endings.
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Structure of the skinThe skin has three main layers:
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer
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What do these different layers do?
THE EPIDERMIS
• Outmost layer of the skin
• Protects the more delicate, inner layers of
skin
• Helps to make the skin waterproof
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What do these different layers do?
THE DERMIS
• Inner layer of the skin
• Contains the sweat glands, sebaceous
(oil) glands, hair follicles, blood vessels,
muscle fibres and nerves
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What do these different layers do?
THE SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
• Inner most layer of skin and consists
mostly of fat
• The fat acts as insulation to keep the
temperature of the body stable
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Let’s take a closer look at the structures within the skin
BLOOD VESSELS Provide nutrients to the skin
SEBACEOUS GLAND Produce sebum (oil) to keephair follicle free from dust and bacteria, and assist in makingthe skin waterproof
FAT CELLS Aid in insulation and can be used for energy when nutrient intake is insufficient
SENSORY NERVE ENDING These sense touch, pressure, heat, cold and pain
NERVESActivate muscles and glands and send messages from the sensory cells to the brain
SWEAT GLAND Opens onto the surface of the skin as pores
HAIRAids in protection and body temperature regulation
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ACTIVITY TIME
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What do you know about acne?
2. What is acne?
3. When does acne usually start?
4. What causes acne?
5. What can you do if you have acne?
6. Can acne be treated?
CLASS DISCUSSION
1. What are some common names for acne?
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What is acne?
Full video available at abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3608431.htm
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Skin cells and sebum
accumulate to form a
plug. Hormones cause
the sebaceous glands
to produce more
sebum and a build
up occurs.
Acne bacteria feed on
the built up sebum and
multiply.
The immune system
responds and the area
becomes red and
swollen.
How does acne form?
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ACTIVITY TIME
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SEEING SPOTS
Part B
Date of preparation:
August 2017. OTH16-11-0015b.
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LESSON RECAP
#PROJECTACNE
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There are many causes of acne
Changes in hormone levels
Genetics Stress
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Who gets acne?
Acne affects approx.
of Australian adolescents1
85%
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There are many people who can help with any changes to your skin
Pharmacists General Practitioners
(doctors)
TeachersParents Dermatologists (doctors who
specialise in skin conditions)
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There are also reputable websites which provide accurate information
All About Acne
Skin & Cancer Founda-
tionacne.org.au skincancer.asn.au/acne
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ACTIVITY TIME
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What does acne look like?
Whiteheads Blackheads Papules &
Pustules
Cysts &
Nodules
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Whiteheads
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Blackheads
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Papules and Pustules
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Cysts and nodules
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3
If acne becomes more inflamed, then nodules or cysts may develop. These
nodules or cysts can be very painful and, like papules and
pustules, lead to scarring.
1
In most cases, whiteheads
and blackheads develop first.
2
They may be followed
by the development
of pimples (ie. papules
and pustules).
Acne development
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Acne scars
• Scarring occurs as a result of damage to the surface and underlying layers of the skin. Scars may be raised, cause skin discoloration or pits in the skin. In some cases, scars may be permanent.
• The good news is that scarring may be prevented with early and effective acne treatment.
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Acne is more than skin deep
For some individuals, the effects of acne are not just physical.
Changes to the skin may leave some teenagers feeling self-conscious.
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ACTIVITY TIME
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ACTIVITY TIME
Sponsored by Galderma, Australia.
Date of preparation: November 2017.