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PROFESSIONAL ETHICSIN ENGINEERING
NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS,
WARRI BRANCH COURSE
AUGUST 10, 2012
ENGR. C. W. WAMUO. FNSE, FNIM
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1. INTRODUCTION ENGRS PLAY KEY ROLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
NATIONS THROUGH DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION &
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURES & INDUSTRIALSYSTEMS. THEIR ACTIVITIES IMPACT ON THE
ENVIRONMENT & THE QUALITY OF LIFE, HEALTH &
SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE.
THE HIGH DEMAND FOR THESE INFRASTRUCTURES &
THE BY-PRODUCT OF ENGRING ACTIVITIES HAS
INCREASED PUBLIC FOCUS ON THE PRACTICE OF
ENGRING. THE PUBLIC IS AWARE THAT THE BENEFITS OF
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS & INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT MUST BE BALANCED AGAINST NEED TO
PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM DANGERS CAUSED BY -
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1. INTRODUCTION cont ACCORDINGLY , ENGINEERS ARE MADE TO PERFORM
UNDER THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT.
ENGRING FAILURES USUALLY LEAD TO LOSS OF HUGERESOURCES AND ATTRACT NATIONAL & MEDIA INTEREST.
ALSO, FAILURES OF COMPLEX ENGRING SYSTEMS ARE
OFTEN DESCRIBED AS NATIONAL DISASTERS WHICH
SHOULD BE PREVENTED. THEREFORE ENGRS SHOULD
ALWAYS BE CONSCIOUS OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR
ACTIONS & THE IMPLICIT HIGH STANDARDS OF
PERFORMANCE.ENGRING ETHICS IS TODAY ATTRACTING ATTENTION IN
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES & ENGRING CURRICULA
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
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1. INTRODUCTION contd
ENGINEERING ETHICS BECAME NECESSARY TOASSIST ENGINEERS ACHIEVE PUBLIC SAFETY AND
HIGH STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE.ENGINEERING ETHICS IS TODAY ATTRACTINGATTENTION IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES ANDENGINEERING CURRICULA THROUGHOUT THEWORLD.
THIS PAPER SEEKS TO IDENTIFY THEENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL AS HAVING SOME
CHARACTERISTICS WHICH ENGENDERCOMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE. THEFUNDAMENTAL CANONS FOR ENGINEERINGETHICS COMMON TO ALL ENGINEERINGDISCIPLINES ARE REVIEWED
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1. INTRODUCTION contd
THE ENGINEERS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC
SAFETY AND THE VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL
OBLIGATIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED. MANDATORY
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT ARE PRESENTED AS REQUIREMENTS FOR
SUCCESSFUL PROFESSIONAL CAREERS.CASE STUDIES OF ENGINEERING FAILURES AND
ETHICS VIOLATIONS ARE USED TO MOTIVATE
DISCUSSIONS TO ENSURE THAT MISTAKES OF THEPAST ARE NOT REPEATED. THE CODES OF CONDUCT
AND ETHICS OF SOME PROFESSIONAL BODIES ARE
INCLUDED IN APPENDIX.
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2. PROFESSIONALISATIONIT IS GENERALLY AGREED THAT THERE ARE ANUMBER OF CHARACTERISTICS WHICH DISTINGUISH
A PROFESSION FROM OTHER LESS FORMALLYCONSTITUTED TRADES AND OCCUPATIONS [ 3 ] :
THE PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINE HAS ACOMMAND OF A SPECIALIZED BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY FOR PLANNING, DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PHYSICALSTRUCTURES, ENGINES/MACHINES.
THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IS TRANSMITTEDTHROUGH RECOGNIZED TRAINING AND REGULARLYUPDATED ON BEHALF OF THE PROFESSIONAL BODYTO ENSURE CERTIFIED STANDARDS OF PROFICIENCY.
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2. PROFESSIONALISATION contd
A CODE OF ETHICS AND STANDARDS GOVERN THE
PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION AND ENSURES THE
SATISFACTION AND SAFETY OF THE CLIENT IN
PARTICULAR AND THE SOCIETY IN GENERAL.
A MONOPOLY IS USUALLY GRANTED TO A
PROFESSIONAL BODY BY SOCIETY THROUGH LAWSTO ENSURE THAT ONLY REGISTERED MEMBERS
CAN ENGAGE IN THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE.
THE MEMBERS ARE COMMITTED TO CONSTANTEDUCATIONAL RENEWAL THROUGH A LIFE LONG
LEARNING OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY AND
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
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2. PROFESSIONALISATION contd
THE PROFESSIONAL BODY IS LEGALLY TO
REGULATE ITSELF, DISCIPLINE ITS MEMBERS AND
CONTROL THE PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION.
THE QUALITY OF A PERSONS LIFE IS IN DIRECT
PROPORTION TO HIS COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE
REGARDLESS OF THE CHOSEN FIELD OF ENDEAVOR(VINCE LOMBARDI).
PROFESSIONALISM IS THEREFORE ABOUT
COMMITMENT TO STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE INTHE PERFORMANCE OF TASKS WHICH REQUIRE
SPECIALIZED SKILLS AND EXPERTISE.
2 PROFESSIONALISATION td
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2. PROFESSIONALISATION contdA PROFESSIONAL IS THUS SOMEONE WHOSE
BASIC SATISFACTION IS IN PERFORMING WELL,
TASKS FOR WHICH HE HAS BEEN TRAINED AND
ALWAYS STRIVES TO ACHIEVE THE BEST
STANDARD POSSIBLE IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCE.
TO BE A PROFESSIONAL IS THUS TO FLAUNT THE
HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE SKILLS ONE PROFESSES
TO COMMAND. THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGRS
IN ORGANIZING COURSES FOR HER MEMBERS ISENCOURAGING CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF ITS MEMBERSHIP.
3 FUNDAMENTAL CODE OF ETHICS
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3.FUNDAMENTAL CODE OF ETHICS
THE PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER HAS SOME
AUTHORITY WHICH HAS TO BE EXERCISED
CAREFULLY TO AVOID BEING A SOURCE OFDANGER TO THE PUBLIC. THIS INCLUDES BEING A
LEADER IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS, PRACTICING
ENGINEERING AND SUPERVISING THE WORK OFYOUNGER ENGINEERS. THE BASIC RULES THAT
GOVERN THE CONDUCT OF ENGINEERS
(ENGRING ETHICS) ARE SUMMARIZED INTO *14+:HOLD PARAMOUNT THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND
WELFARE OF THE PUBLIC.
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3.FUNDAMENTALCODE OF ETHICS contd
PERFORM SERVICES ONLY IN AREAS OF THEIR
COMPETENCE.
ISSUE PUBLIC STATEMENTS ONLY IN AN
OBJECTIVE AND TRUTHFUL MANNER.
ACT FOR YOUR EMPLOYERS AS FAITHFUL
AGENTS OR TRUSTEES.
AVOID DECEPTIVE ACTS.
CONDUCT THEMSELVES IN SUCH A WAY AS TOALWAYS ENHANCE THE REPUTATION OF THE
PROFESSION.
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4.ENGINEERS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY
RECENT INCIDENCES IN THE US SUCH AS THECHALLENGER SPACE-SHIP DISASTER, THE KANSAS
CITY HYATTREGENCY HOTEL WALKWAY COLLAPSEAND THE EXXON OIL SPILL HAVE DRAWNATTENTION TO THE ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FORPUBLIC SAFETY.
SINCE SAFETY IS A SOCIAL AND NOT PRIMARILY ALEGAL OBLIGATION, ENGINEERS AND THEIRMANAGERS MUST KEEP THEIR OBLIGATIONS TO
PUBLIC SAFETY AT THE FOREFRONT WHEN MAKINGDESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS.
QUALITY DESIGNS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE
ARE IMPERATIVE IN EVERY FIELD OF ENGINEERING.
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ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY contd THERE IS NEED FOR ETHICAL & CREATIVE ENGINEERING
DESIGNS & CORPORATE PRACTICE.
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGRING CODE OFETHICS STATES THAT ENGRS MUST HOLD THE PUBLIC
SAFETY, WELFARE, & HEALTH PARAMOUNT & USE THEIR
KNOWLEDGE & SKILL FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF
HUMAN WELFARE. WHEN ENGRS TAKE PRIDE IN &
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR DESIGNS, THE ENTIRE
ENGRING PROFESSION BENEFITS.
CONSIDERATION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGRINGPRACTICE POSITIVELY AFFECTS ENGRING CREATIVITY. IF
IGNORED, BAD PUBLIC RELATIONS ARE A POSSIBILITY
FOR THE ENGR, THE COMPANY HE WORKS FOR & THE
PROFESSION GENERALLY.
4 ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY td
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4.ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY contd
ENGRS SHOULD STRICTLY ADHERE TO THEIRPROFESSIONAL CODES & STANDARDS, ENCOURAGEOTHERS TO REPORT THOSE WHO DO NOT BECAUSE:
IT WILL HELP PROTECT PEOPLE FROM BEING INJURED BYWHAT THE ENGINEERS DO.
IT WILL ASSURE EACH ENGR OF A BETTER WORKING
ENVIRONMENT AND REDUCE PRESSURES FROM OTHERPEOPLE TO DO OTHERWISE.
THEY WILL BE PROUD OF THEIR PROFESSION IF THEYADHERE TO THE CODES OF ETHICS, ESPECIALLY IN NIGERIA
WHERE THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF ENGRS NEEDIMPROVEMENT.
ADHERING TO THE CODES WILL LEAD TO BENEFITS FORALL ENGRS & PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE PROFESSION
WILL BE INCREASED.
4 ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY d
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4.ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY contdSAFETY IS AN ESSENTIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION,
DEEMED AS THE ABSENCE OF UNREASONABLE DANGER.
SOMETIMES, A FACTOR SAFETY OF 2-3 IS BUILT INTOENGRING DESIGN EQUATIONS.
DESPITE THIS, LITIGATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ENGRING
FAILURES ARE ON THE INCREASE, & IN SOME COUNTRIES
PRACTICING AS A PROFESSIONAL HAS BECOME A RISKYVENTURE.
THE ENGRS & THEIR PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES MUST
ACQUIRE REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT LIABILITYISSUES. THE QUESTION IS OFTEN ASKED, WHERE DOES A
DESIGN ENGR & HIS COMPANYS RESPONSIBILITY END &
THE CONTRACTORS, MANUFACTURERS & CONSUMERS
BEGIN?
4 ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY td
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4.ENGRS RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY contd
IF IT IS TRUE THAT: THE PUBLIC HAS PROVIDED
ENGRS, THROUGH THE TAX BASE, WITH THE
MEANS OF OBTAINING EDUCATION, & THROUGH
LEGISLATION, WITH THE MEANS OF LICENSING &
REGULATING THEMSELVES THEN IN RETURN,
ENGRS HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROTECTING
THE SAFETY & WELL-BEING OF THE PUBLIC IN ALL
OF THEIR DESIGN EFFORTS. THIS IS PART OF AN
IMPLICIT SOCIAL CONTRACT ALL ENGRS AGREE TO
WHEN THEY ACCEPT ADMISSION TO AN ENGRING
COLLEGE (MEMBERSHIP OF NSE).
5 CONFLICTING INTERESTS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST
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5. CONFLICTING INTERESTS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST.
ENGRS SHOULD BE CAREFUL IN GETTING INVOLVED IN
TAKING DECISIONS WHICH MAY BE SEEN AS BIASED OR
HAVING CONFLICTING INTERESTS OR CONFLICT OFINTEREST. EXAMPLES BELOW INDICATE CONFLICT OF
INTERESTS WHICH CAN INFLUENCE THE JUDGMENT OF AN
ENGR.
AN ENGR HAS RESPONSIBILITY TO WRITESPECIFICATIONS FOR A WATER PROJECT BUT OWNS A
COMPANY THAT MANUFACTURES & SELLS SUCH SYSTEMS.
THIS CONSTITUTES A CONFLICT OF INTEREST.
AN ENGR WORKS FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY
& AT THE SAME TIME WORKS FOR A CONSULTING FIRM
THAT DEALS WITH THE AGENCY.
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5. CONFLICTING INTERESTS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST contd
ENGRING DECISIONS THAT ARE TO THE ADVANTAGE OF
ENGRS TAKING THE DECISION CONSTITUTE CONFLICTING
INTERSTS.A COMPANY PAYS FOR ENGRS TO ATTEND A SEMINAR
ON THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS. THIS IS COMPARED TO
PERKS AND GIFTS GIVEN TO PHYSICIANS BY DRUG
COMPANIES.
AN ENGINEERS INTERESTS MAY BE AT CONFLICT WITH
THOSE OF ITS CLIENTS.
AN ENGINEER LEAVING PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ANDTHEN WORKING IN THE SAME AREA IN THE PRIVATE
SECTOR IS A DELICATE ISSUE. THE ENGINEER HAS HAD
ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES THAT A PRIVATE
CLIENT MAY DESIRE. CAN THIS BE ETHICAL?
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CONFLICTING INTERESTS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST contd
A CITY ENGR SELECTS AN ENGRING FIRM FOR ACITY PROJECT BASED ON ITS TECHNICAL
PROPOSALS. HOWEVER OTHER FIRMS VIEW THESELECTION OF THE FIRM AS BIASED.
A CLIENT BELIEVES AN ENGINEERS DESIGN ARE
TOO COSTLY BUT THE ENGINEER FEARS THATANYTHING LESS MAY ENDANGER PUBLIC SAFETY.
AN ENGINEER HAS A CONFLICT BETWEENHONORING AN AGREEMENT WITH A FORMEREMPLOYER AND REPORTING A HAZARD TOPROTECT PUBLIC INTEREST.
AN ENGINEER OWNS BOTH A CONTRACTING FIRM
AND A CONSULTING FIRM AND SEEKS TO PROVIDE
6 ENGINEERS PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATIONS
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6. ENGINEERS PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATIONS.
ENGINEERS SHALL COMMIT THEMSELVES TO
ACHIEVING THE HIGHEST STANDARDS IN THEIR
WORK SO AS TO INCREASE THE REPUTATION OFTHEIR PROFESSION. TO ACHIEVE THIS THEY SHALL:
ACT CONSISTENTLY IN PUBLIC INTEREST
ACT IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THEIR CLIENT ANDEMPLOYER AND CONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC
INTEREST
THEIR PRODUCT MUST MEET THE HIGHESTPROFESSIONAL STANDARDS POSSIBLE
MAINTAIN THE INTEGRITY OF THEIR
PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT
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ENGINEERS PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATIONS-Contd
PROMOTE AN ETHICAL APPROACH TO DESIGN &DEVELOPMENT
ADVANCE THE INTEGRITY AND REPUTATION OF
THE PROFESSION CONSISTENT WITH PUBLICINTEREST
BE FAIR TO AND SUPPORTIVE OF THEIR
COLLEAGUESBE COMMITTED TO LIFE LONG LEARNING AND
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SHALL PROMOTE AN ETHICAL APPROACH
6 1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PUBLIC
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6.1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PUBLICENGRS SHALL ACT CONSISTENTLY IN PUBLIC INTEREST BY;
ACCEPTING FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR OWN
WORK.ACTING AS MODERATORS OF THE INTERESTS OF THE
EMPLOYER, THE CLIENT & THE USERS IN THE BEST
INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC GOOD.
ACCEPTING DESIGNS & PROPOSALS ONLY IF THEY ARE
SAFE, MEET SPECIFICATIONS & DO NOT DIMINISH
QUALITY OF LIFE OR HARM THE ENVIRONMENT.
DISCLOSING TO APPROPRIATE BODIES, ANY POTENTIAL
DANGER TO THE USER, PUBLIC OR THE ENVIRONMENT
THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A PROPOSAL OR
DESIGN.
OBLIGATIONS TO THE PUBLIC contd
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OBLIGATIONS TO THE PUBLIC contd
COOPERATING IN ANY EFFORTS TO ADDRESS
SUCH MATTERS OF GRAVE PUBLIC CONCERN THAT
MAY ARISE FROM HIS ENGINEERING PROPOSALOR DESIGN.
AVOIDING DECEPTION IN ALL PUBLIC
STATEMENTS CONCERNING HIS PROPOSALMETHODS AND TOOLS.
VOLUNTEERING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND
CONTRIBUTING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THEDISCIPLINE.
6 2 OBLIGATIONS TO CLIENTS AND EMPLOYER:
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6.2 OBLIGATIONS TO CLIENTS AND EMPLOYER:ENGRS SHOULD ALWAYS ACT IN A MANNER THAT
IS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THEIR EMPLOYERS
AND CLIENTS, CONSISTENT WITH PUBLICINTEREST. AS APPROPRIATE, THEY SHOULD;
PROVIDE SERVICE ONLY IN THEIR AREA OF
COMPETENCE AND SHOULD BE HONEST IN ANY
LIMITATIONS OF THEIR EXPERIENCE AND
EDUCATION.
SHOULD NOT KNOWINGLY USE DESIGNS THAT
ARE OBTAINED ILLEGALLY OR UNETHICALLY.
SHOULD USE THE PROPERTY OF HIS CLIENT OR
EMPLOYER ONLY IN AUTHORIZED MANNER OR
WITH HIS CONSENT.
6 2 OBLIGATIONS TO CLIENTS AND EMPLOYER
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6.2 OBLIGATIONS TO CLIENTS AND EMPLOYER MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY OF ANY INFORMATION
GAINED IN THE PROFESSIONAL WORK WHERE SUCH IS
IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND CONSISTENT WITH THELAW.
REPORT TO CLIENT OR EMPLOYER PROMPTLY, IF A
PROJECT IS LIKELY TO FAIL, PROVE TOO EXPENSIVE,
VIOLATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW OR OTHERWISE
BE PROBLEMATIC.
ACCEPT NO OUTSIDE WORK DETRIMENTAL TO THE
WORK BEING PERFORMED FOR THE PRIMARYEMPLOYER.
INFORM CLIENT OR EMPLOYER OR APPROPRIATE
AUTHORITY WHEN A HIGHER ETHICAL CONCERN IS
BEING COMPROMISED.
6 3 OBLIGATIONS TO MANAGEMENT
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6.3 OBLIGATIONS TO MANAGEMENTENGRING PROJECTS MANAGERS & LEADERS SHOULDENSURE & PROMOTE ETHICAL APPROACH TO
DEVELOPMENT & EXECUTION OF ENGRING PROJECTS &SHALL AS APPROPRIATE:
ENSURE GOOD MANAGEMENT AND EFFECTIVEPROCEDURES FOR PROMOTION OF QUALITY &
STANDARDS & REDUCTION OF ASSOCIATED RISKS. ENSURE INFORMATION ON STANDARDS AREAVAILABLE TO ENGRS ON A PROJECT.
ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITY TO ENGRS AFTERCONSIDERING APPROPRIATE CONTRIBUTIONS OFEDUCATION & EXPERIENCE TEMPERED WITH POTENTIALFOR FURTHER EDUCATION & EXPERIENCE.
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6.3 OBLIGATIONS TO MANAGEMENT Contd
ENSURE REALISTIC AND QUANTITATIVE BILLS OF
QUANTITIES, SCHEDULING, AND OUTCOMES ON
THE PROJECT AND PROVIDE AN UNCERTAINTY
ASSESSMENTS OF THE ESTIMATES.
PROVIDE FULL AND ACCURATE CONDITIONS OF
SERVICE TO PROSPECTIVE ENGINEERS FOR
EMPLOYMENT ON THE PROJECT.
OFFER FAIR AND JUST REMUNERATION TO
EMPLOYEES ON THE PROJECT.
PROVIDE FOR DUE PROCESS IN HEARING
CHARGES OF VIOLATION OF AN EMPLOYERS
POLICY OR OF THIS CODE.
6 4 OBLIGATIONS TO PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES:
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6.4 OBLIGATIONS TO PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES:
ENGRS SHOULD BE FAIR & SUPPORTIVE OF THEIR
PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES. THEY SHOULD AS
APPROPRIATE:
ENCOURAGE COLLEAGUES TO STRICTLY ADHERE TO
THE CODE.
SHOULD BE COMMITTED TO ASSISTINGCOLLEAGUES IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT.
IN THAT AREA.
OBLIGATIONS TO PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES- contd
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OBLIGATIONS TO PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES- cont d
ALWAYS CREDIT FULLY THE WORK OF OTHERS &
REFRAIN FROM TAKING UNDUE CREDIT.
SHOULD ALWAYS GIVE A FAIR HEARING TO THE
OPINIONS, CONCERNS OR COMPLAINS OF OTHER
COLLEAGUES.
ENGRS IN SITUATIONS OUTSIDE THEIR AREA OFCOMPETENCE, CALL ON THE OPINIONS OF OTHER
PROFESSIONALS WHO HAVE COMPETENCE
6 5 OBLIGATIONS TO SELF:
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6.5 OBLIGATIONS TO SELF:ENGRS SHOULD BE COMMITTED TO LIFELONG LEARNING
PROCESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT & SHALL
PROMOTE AN ETHICAL APPROACH TO THE PRACTICE OF THEIR
PROFESSION. THEY SHALL ALSO ENDEAVOUR TO:
CONTINUALLY IMPROVE THEIR KNOWLEDGE IN THE
ANALYSIS, DESIGN, SPECIFICATIONS, MAINTENANCE,
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE SYSTEMS OF INTERESTTOGETHER WITH THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS.
IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE OUTPUT OF THE ENGRING
PROJECTS THEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH. IMPROVE THEIR ABILITY TO PRODUCE ACCURATE &
INFORMATIVE DOCUMENTATION OF THE PROJECTS.
IMPROVE THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL
STANDARDS & LAWS GOVERNING THE CONTRACTS.
7 CONTINOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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7. CONTINOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTCOMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE.ENGINEERS CAN LEVEL MOUNTAINS TO THE GROUND
AND TURN RIVERS FROM THEIR COURSES.
THE SKIES AND THE OCEANS ARE MEDIA FOR A WIDERANGE OF ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES.
VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF MODERN
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
HAVE TURNED THE WORLD INTO A GLOBAL VILLAGE.
ELECTRIC ENERGY HAS CATALYZED CIVILIZATION
AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT. ENGINEERS
ARE THE AGENTS OF CHANGE AND INNOVATION
THROUGH WELL THOUGHT OUT ENGINEERINGPROJECTS.
7. CONTINOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT &
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7. CONTINOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT &
COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE- contd
IN THE LIGHT OF THE ABOVE, THE ENGR MUST BE ENGAGEDIN CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TO
MAINTAIN COMPETENCE AND ADVANCE THE EXISTINGFRONTIERS OF KNOWLEDGE IN THEIR AREAS OF PRACTICE.(HE WHO ADDS NOT TO HIS LEARNING DIMINISHES IT-TALMOND THE ENGR SHOULD PROVIDE SUBORDINATES ,
THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.PROFESSIONALISM IS ALSO ABOUT COMMITMENT TOSTANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OFTASKS IN ONES FIELD OF EXPERTISE.
THE ENGRS OBLIGATIONS INCLUDE COMMITMENTS TOPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, THE DETERMINATION TOALWAYS ACHIEVE A HIGH STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE ANDCONSISTENTLY ENSURING A SOUND JUDGMENT INDECISION MAKING.
7 1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PROFESSION:
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7.1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PROFESSION:
ENGRS SHOULD ALWAYS WORK TO ADVANCE THE
INTEGRITY AND REPUTATION OF THE PROFESSION
CONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC INTEREST.ENGRS SHOULD AS APPROPRIATE:
PROVIDE PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROFESSION &
AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ENCOURAGES ETHICAL PRACTICEOF ENGRING.
SHOULD NOT PROMOTE THEIR OWN INTEREST AT THE
EXPENSE OF THE PROFESSION, CLIENT OR EMPLOYER.
ENSURE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS EXCEPT WHEN
INCONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC INTEREST
SHOULD ALWAYS AVOID FALSE STATEMENTS AND THOSE
THAT COULD BE CONSIDERED SPECULATIVE, VACUOUS,
7 1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PROFESSION contd:
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7.1 OBLIGATIONS TO THE PROFESSION cont d:
ENGRS SHOULD ENSURE THAT CLIENTS,
EMPLOYERS AND SUPERVISORS KNOW OF THEIR
COMMITMENT TO THE PROFESSIONAL CODE OF
ETHICS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF SUCH
COMMITMENT.
7 2 COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE
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7.2 COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCEENGINEERS SHALL ENSURE THAT THEIR FINAL OUTPUT
MEET THE HIGHEST PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS POSSIBLE.
AIM TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY AND ACCEPTABLE COST,IRRESPECTIVE OF TRADE OFFS. SUCH TRADEOFFS SHOULD
BE CLEAR TO AND ACCEPTED BY THE CLIENT & EMPLOYER.
IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS ETHICAL, ECONOMIC, LEGAL &ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE PROJECTS.
7.2.3 ENGRS SHOULD ENSURE THAT THEY HAVE THE
REQUISITE QUALIFICATIONS, BY APPROPRIATE
COMBINATION OF EDUCATION, TRAINING & EXPERIENCE,
FOR THE PROJECT THEY ACCEPT TO EXECUTE.
7 2 COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE- contd
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7.2 COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE- cont d
ENSURE THAT THEIR OUTPUT MEET THE HIGHEST
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND SHOULD NOT DEPART
FROM SUCH STANDARDS UNLESS WHEN ETHICALLY ORTECHNICALLY JUSTIFIED.
UNDERSTAND CLEARLY THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR
PROJECTS THEY UNDERTAKE.
ENSURE REALISTIC ESTIMATES OF COST, SCHEDULING,
QUALITY AND OUTCOMES ON ANY PROJECT AND
PROVIDE UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT OF THEIR
ESTIMATES ENGINEERS SHOULD ENSURE ADEQUATE
DOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTIONS ADOPTED FOR ANY
PROJECT EXECUTED.
NEED FOR SOUND JUDGEMENT
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NEED FOR SOUND JUDGEMENT ENGRS SHALL MAINTAIN INTEGRITY & INDEPENDENCE
IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT AND AS
APPROPRIATE: ONLY ENDORSE DOCUMENTS PREPARED UNDER THEIR
SUPERVISION OR WITHIN THEIR AREAS OF COMPETENCE
AND WITH WHICH THEY ARE IN AGREEMENT.
MAINTAIN PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVITY WITH ENGRING
DOCUMENTS THEY ARE ASKED TO EVALUATE.
NOT ENGAGE IN CORRUPT PRACTICES SUCH AS BRIBERY,
DOUBLE OR INFLATED BILLING, OR OTHER IMPROPERFINANCIAL PRACTICES.
DISCLOSE TO ALL PARTIES CONCERNED, THOSE
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST THAT CANNOT BE AVOIDED IN
THE PROJECT
NEED FOR SOUND JUDGEMENT contd
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NEED FOR SOUND JUDGEMENT cont d
SHOULD REFUSE TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY PROJECT
IN WHICH THEY, THEIR EMPLOYERS OR CLIENTS
HAVE UNDISCLOSED CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.
DISCLOSE TO ALL PARTIES CONCERNED, THOSE
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST THAT CANNOT BEAVOIDED IN THE PROJECT
SHOULD REFUSE TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY PROJECT
IN WHICH THEY, THEIR EMPLOYERS OR CLIENTS
HAVE UNDISCLOSED CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.
8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT
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8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCTENGRING ETHICS IS BEGINNING TO TAKE ITS PLACE
ALONGSIDE OTHER WELL ESTABLISHED
PROFESSIONAL GROUPS SUCH AS MEDICAL,NURSING, BUSINESS & LEGAL ETHICS. THESE
PROFESSIONS HAVE WEBSITES ON THE
CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT OF THEIR MEMBERS.MOST ESTABLISHMENTS HAVE UNWRITTEN CODES
OF CONDUCT FOR THEIR STAFF WHILST OTHERS
SPELL OUT WHAT SHOULD BE REGARDED ASMISCONDUCT.
SINCE TO ENGR IS HUMAN THE NIGERIAN
SOCIETY OF ENGRS IS BEGINNING TO RECEIVECOMPLAINTS ON ENGRS MISCONDUCT.
8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT
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8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS SENIOR STAFF CONDITIONS OF
SERVICE DEFINES MISCONDUCT AS GENERAL CONDUCT TOTHE PREJUDICE OF THE GOOD NAME OF THE
ESTABLISHMENT AND/OR OF DISCIPLINE AND THE PROPERADMINISTRATION OF BUSINESS OF THE UNIVERSITY. THISINCLUDES CORRUPTION, DISHONESTY, DRUNKENNESS INTHE COURSE OF DUTY, AND FALSE CLAIMS AGAINST THEUNIVERSITY, INSUBORDINATION, DIVIDED LOYALTY
(CONFLICT OF INTEREST) , NEGLIGENCE, FALSIFICATION ANDSUPPRESSION OF RECORDS AND CONVICTION FOR ACRIMINAL OFFENCE OTHER THAN TRAFFIC OFFENCE,ABSENCE FROM DUTY WITHOUT LEAVE FOR TWOCONSECUTIVE OR MORE NIGHTS WITHOUT SATISFACTORY
REASON, DISOBEDIENCE OF ANY INSTRUCTION ISSUED BY ACONSTITUTED AUTHORITY, FAILURE TO APPEAR OR TOANSWER QUESTIONS SATISFACTORILY IN ANYINVESTIGATIVE PANELS SET UP BY THE ESTABLISHMENT ONMATTERS OUT OF ABOVE REGULATIONS.
8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT: contd
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8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT: cont dAN INTERNET SEARCH WOULD REVEAL THAT CASES OF
MISCONDUCT ARE NOT AS RAMPANT IN ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINE AS IN OTHER PROFESSIONS. ENGINEERS ARE TAUGHT TO BE FAMILIAR WITH CODES
AND STANDARDS FOR THEIR DISCIPLINES AND TO
INTRODUCE A REASONABLE FACTOR OF SAFETY IN THEIR
DESIGNS. THEY ARE ALSO EXPECTED TO COLLABORATE
WITH THE LOCAL STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
SUCH AS THE STANDARDS ORGANIZATION OF NIGERIA.
HOWEVER, NEGLECT OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ANDINADEQUATE ENFORCEMENT OF CODES AND STANDARDS
ARE THE CAUSES OF THE FEW ENGINEERING FAILURES IN
NIGERIA.
8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT: contd
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8 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT/MISCONDUCT: cont d
IN ACADEMICS, PLAGIARISM IS A SERIOUS
OFFENCE. IT IS INTERESTING THAT SOME
COMPLAINTS ON PLAGIARISM HAVE BEENRECEIVED BY THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF
ENGINEERS. ALL ENGINEERS HAVE
RESPONSIBILITY TO BUILD A GOOD IMAGE FORTHE SOCIETY AND SHOULD ALWAYS BE
CONSCIOUS OF THE IMPACT OF THEIR ACTIONS
ON THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF THEIR PROFESSIONS.
9 ENGINEERING FAILURES
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9 ENGINEERING FAILURES
ALTHOUGH THE ENGINEERS EFFORTS AT CREATING AND
BUILDING SYSTEMS TO MEET SOME NEED ARE EXPECTED
TO BE FAIL PROOF, FAILURES DO OCCUR. ENGINEERINGSYSTEMS ALSO FAIL OVER TIME AS A RESULT OF AGING,
MATERIAL FATIGUE OR WEAR AND TEAR.
THE ENGINEER MUST DESIGN TO AVOID FAILURE WHICH
COULD RESULT IN LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY OR
DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT. A COMBINATION OF
FACTORS LEAD TO SYSTEM OR EQUIPMENT FAILURES.
THESE INCLUDE HUMAN FACTORS, DESIGN FLAWS,MATERIAL FATIGUES, EXTREME CONDITIONS OF
OPERATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. OFTEN,
NEGLECT OF ENGINEERING ETHICS IS A ROOT CAUSE OF AN
ENGINEERING FAILURE.
9 ENGINEERING FAILURES- Contd
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9 ENGINEERING FAILURES Cont d
AN ETHICAL ENGINEER IS ONE WHO:
I. AVOIDS CONFLICT OF INTEREST
II. DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO MISREPRESENT HIS
KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE SO AS TO ACCEPT
JOBS OUTSIDE HIS AREA OF EXPERTISE.
III. ACTS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF SOCIETY AND
ENVIRONMENT
IV. FULFILLS THE TERMS OF THEIR CONTRACT IN A
PROFESSIONAL MANNER
V. PROMOTES THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG
ENGINEERS WITHIN THE FIELD.
con
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A SEARCH FOR OUR WORLDS WORST ENGRING
FAILURES/DISASTERS WOULD COVER COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS
AND OTHER STRUCTURES, NATURAL DISASTERS SUCH AS
EARTHQUAKES AND OIL SPILLS. SOME OF THE WELL
DOCUMENTED FAILURES INCLUDE:
I. COLUMBIA SPACE SHUTTLE/CHALLENGER SPACE-SHIP
DISASTERII. FAILURE OF SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT CONCORD
III. BHOPAL CHEMICAL LEAK WHICH CLAIMED 2000 LIVES
IV. COLLAPSE OF BRIDGES FROM WIND DAMAGE
V. CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT EXPLOSION AND FIRE
VI. EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL, ALASKA 1989, 10MILLION
GALLONS SPILLED
VII. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI HYATT REGENCY HOTEL FAILURE
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WHEN FAILURES OCCUR, ENGINEERS SHOULD
PROVIDE AN ANALYSIS REPORT BY CONSIDERING
THE ETHICAL ISSUES THAT MIGHT HAVE BEENPARTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FAILURES.
THIS SHOULD INCLUDE INFORMATION ON WHAT
FAILED, WHY IT FAILED, POSSIBLE WAYS OFPREVENTING SUCH FAILURES AND WHO WAS AT
FAULT.
9.1 LOCAL ENGINEERING FAILURES AND ARBITRATION
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THE INVESTIGATION, FAILURES & ANALYSISCOMMITTEE (IFAC) OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OFENGRS HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY TO VISIT EVERYSITE OF ENGRING FAILURE, ACCIDENT ORCOMPLAINT SO AS TO ASCERTAIN THE CAUSE OFSUCH DEVELOPMENT. THIS IS NECESSARY TO
ENSURE THAT SUCH OCCURRENCE IS PREVENTED INFUTURE & TO REDUCE THE DANGER TO THE PUBLICARISING FROM ACTIVITIES OF ENGRS. APPENDIX 1SHOWS A LIST OF SOME OF THE COLLAPSED
BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, BOMB & FIRE DISASTERSIN THE COUNTRY IN RECENT TIMES. ONE MAYRECALL REPORTED COLLAPSED BUILDINGS THAT ARE
NOT IN THIS LIST.
9.1 LOCAL ENGRING FAILURES AND ARBITRATION contd
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THERE HAVE BEEN MANY CASES OF COLLAPSED BUILDINGS
IN LAGOS, ABUJA AND OTHER MAJOR TOWNS. IN NIGERIA.
THIS PROMPTED THE THEN PRESIDENT OF NSE, ENGR.
SOMOLU TO WRITE TO INITIATE ACTION IN 2003 TO REDUCE
SUCH INCIDENTS.
HE SUGGESTED THAT APPROPRIATE AUTHORITIES
CONCERNED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND SUPERVISION OFPUBLIC BUILDINGS SHOULD ENSURE THAT:
1. APPROVAL OF ALL DRAWINGS, STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL
AND MECHANICAL SHOULD BE DONE BY ONLY REGISTERED
ENGRS.
2. SUPERVISION OF BUILDING PROJECTS SHOULD BE DONE AT
VARIOUS STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION BY QUALIFIED
PROFESSIONALS & APPROVALS OBTAINED FOR EACH STAGE
BEFORE THE PROJECT IS CONTINUED TO COMPLETION.
9.1 LOCAL ENGRING FAILURES & ARBITRATION contd
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AFTER THE BOMB BLAST AT IKEJA CANTONMENT ARMORY, OFJANUARY 2003, THE PRESIDENT OF NSE PROPOSED AN NSETEAM OF EXPERTS TO PROFESSIONALLY EVALUATE THE
IMMEDIATE & FUTURE EFFECTS OF THE SERIOUS EXPLOSIONSON THE BUILDINGS, BRIDGES AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURALFACILITIES IN LAGOS.
THIS WAS SEEN AS A CONTRIBUTION TO LAGOS STATE THEENTIRE NATION. RECORDS DID NOT SHOW THAT THE PROJECT
WAS EXECUTED. THE NSE SHOULD BE ABLE TO SPONSOR SUCHSTUDIES WHICH CAN BE USEFUL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEENGRING PROFESSION.
THE EXPLOSIONS WOULD HAVE PROVIDED THE MININGDIVISION OF NSE, WHO SOMETIMES DEALS WITH EXPLOSIVES,
AN OPPORTUNITY TO INVESTIGATE THE STANDARDS FORSTORAGE OF SUCH LETHAL WEAPONS, & UNRAVELLING WHYTHE DISASTER OCCURRED. THE FACT THAT THOUSANDS OFNIGERIANS LOST THEIR LIVES WOULD HAVE LED TO MORESERIOUS INVESTIGATIONS OF THE DISASTER BY THE NSE.
9.1 LOCAL ENGRING FAILURES AND ARBITRATION contd
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HE SUGGESTED THAT APPROPRIATE AUTHORITIES
CONCERNED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND SUPERVISION OF
PUBLIC BUILDINGS SHOULD ENSURE THAT:IT CONSIDERED EXPEDIENT THAT IFAC SHOULD BE
ASSISTED TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE IN ITS INVESTIGATION
OF STRUCTURAL FAILURES AND OTHER DISASTERS IN THE
COUNTRY.
IFAC SHOULD PROVIDE MORE DETAILED REPORTS ON
STRUCTURAL FAILURES IN THE COUNTRY. THE CAUSES OF
THE FAILURES SHOULD BE DOCUMENTED.INFORMATION ON ACTIONS TAKEN BY RELEVANT
AUTHORITIES TO PREVENT A REPETITION OF SUCH
FAILURES SHOULD BE COMPILED.
9.1 LOCAL ENGRING FAILURES & ARBITRATION contd
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IFAC AND ALL THE COMMITTEES OF NSE SHOULD BE
ADEQUATELY FUNDED BY THE SOCIETY TO ENSURE THAT THEY
CAN CARRY OUT ANY INVESTIGATIONS, PROVIDE REPORTS
AND HOLD SEMINARS ON ACTIVITIES OF ENGINEERS THAT
AFFECT PUBLIC SAFETY.
NSE RECORDS HAVE NOT SHOWN, ANY CASE OF AN ENGR
BEING INVESTIGATED OR SANCTIONED FOR INADEQUATE
DESIGN OR UNPROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY THAT LED TO A
STRUCTURAL FAILURE OR BUILDING COLLAPSE.
IN FACT IN SOME CASES OF BUILDING COLLAPSE THEOWNERS DID NOT USE PROFESSIONALS FOR THE DESIGN &
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS & EVEN APPROVED
DRAWINGS WERE NOT AVAILABLE.
9.1 LOCAL ENGRING FAILURES & ARBITRATION contd
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THE CURRENT EFFORT BY THE INSTITUTE OF
TOWN PLANNERS IN CONJUNCTION WITH FIVE
OTHER PROFESSIONAL BODIES TO DEVELOP ANATIONAL BUILDING CODE SHOULD LEAD TO
SOME IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCEDURE OF
COMMENCING & SUPERVISING A BUILDINGPROJECT AND ENSURING THAT IT IS ADEQUATELY
COMPLETED & READY FOR THE PURPOSE IT IS
DESIGNED.ENGRS, BY THE CODE OF ETHICS, ARE
COMMITTED TO ENSURING THAT THE INCIDENCE
OF FAILED ENGINEERING PROJECTS ARE REDUCED
TO A MINIMUM.
10. CASE STUDIES IN ENGINEERING ETHICS.
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THE IFAC OF THE NSE HAS PROVIDED REPORTS ON THEVARIOUS BUILDING FAILURES IN THE COUNTRY. THISCOURSE GIVES ENGRS THE OPPORTUNITY TO VALUATE THE
REPORTS & THE ACTIONS TAKEN BY RELEVANTAUTHORITIES. IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE MISTAKESINHERENT IN REPORTED FAILURES ARE NOT REPEATED,CASE STUDIES OF SOME LOCAL & FOREIGN ENGRING
FAILURES ARE SUMMARIZED.
(I)THE ABERDEEN THREE [4] : IN 1989, THREE ENGRSWORKING ON DEVELOPING CHEMICAL WEAPONS AT A USARMY FACILITY, THE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND INMARYLAND, WERE INDICTED FOR A CRIMINAL FELONY.THEY WERE TRIED 7 CONVICTED OF ILLEGALLY HANDLING,STORING & DISPOSING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INVIOLATION OF THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION &RECOVERY ACT FORM 1983-1986.
10. CASE STUDIES IN ENGINEERING ETHICS contd
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THIS CASE SHOWS THE IMPORTANCE OF THEENGRING PROFESSIONS SOCIAL &
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES, IN BOTHLEGAL AND MORAL TERMS.
IN ADDITION, IT SERVES AS AN IMPORTANT CASESTUDY IN THE ESCALATING PUBLIC CONCERNOVER ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOXIC WASTE, ANDTHE WAYS IN WHICH GOVERNMENT IS CALLEDUPON TO REGULATE ENGINEERING BUSINESS.
ABERDEEN THREE IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL FORSTUDENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;HOWEVER, IT IS ALSO A USEFUL CASE FORSHOWING ENGINEERING STUDENTS THEIR
RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC AT LARGE
. .(II) KANSAS CITY MISSOURI HYATT REGENCY HOTEL
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(II) KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI HYATT REGENCY HOTELWALKWAYS COLLAPSE [4] :
AS THE UNITED STATES MOST DEVASTATING STRUCTURAL
FAILURE, IN TERMS OF LOSS OF LIFE AND INJURIES, THEKANSAS CITY HYATT REGENCY WALKWAYS COLLAPSE LEFT114 DEAD AND IN EXCESS OF 200 INJURED. IN ADDITION,MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN COSTS RESULTED FROM THE
COLLAPSE, & THOUSANDS OF LIVES WERE ADVERSELYAFFECTED, ALL BECAUSE OF DISPUTED CONVERSATIONSBETWEEN THE ENGRING DESIGN FIRM & A FABRICATOR, &NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF THE CONTRACTING
ENGRING FIRM. THE CASE PROVIDES A VIVID EXAMPLE OFTHE IMPORTANCE OF ACCURACY & DETAIL IN ENGRINGDESIGN & SHOP DRAWINGS (PARTICULARLY REGARDINGREVISIONS), & THE COSTLY CONSEQUENCES OF
NEGLIGENCE IN THIS REALM.
10. CASE STUDIES IN ENGINEERING ETHICS contd.
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THE CASE IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN STRUCTURAL
DESIGN, STATICS AND MATERIALS CLASSES.
(iii) ACCEPTING GIFTS AND AMENITIES [4] :
MOSTLY ENGRS PROBABLY BELIEVE THAT ACCEPTING
SMALL FAVORS (SUCH AS INEXPENSIVE PENS) FROM
VENDORS IS PERMISSIBLE. BY CONTRAST, MOST ENGRSPROBABLY BELIEVE THAT ACCEPTING LARGE GIFTS OR
AMENITIES IS WRONG. DRAWING THE LINE BETWEEN
PERMISSIBLE & IMPERMISSIBLE INSTANCES OF ACCEPTINGGIFTS & AMENITIES IS NOT ALWAYS EASY. THIS CASE
INVITES ENGRS TO THINK ABOUT THE ISSUES INVOLVED IN
SUCH DECISIONS. IT IS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO
CONSULTING ENGRS.
13 SUITE OF CODES OF CONDUCT AND ETHICS
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13. SUITE OF CODES OF CONDUCT AND ETHICS.
(1) CODES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS FOR
ENGINEERS (SEE APPENDIX B).
(2) NSE CODE FOR ENGINEERING CONDUCT
(SEE APPENDIX C).
(3) ENGINEERS CODE OF CONDUCT (SEEAPPENDIX D).
(4) IEEE CODE OF ETHICS (SEE APPENDIX E).
REFERENCES
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1. ENGR JOHNSON B: ENGINEERING CAREER IN ORGANIZED
PRIVATE SECTOR/PRIVATE PRACTICE, NSE LAGOS BRANCH
TECHNICAL PAPER, 17TH NOV, 1998.
2. OKORO C.C: NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS AND THE
CHALLENGE FOR CHANGE, 15TH KASIM MEMORIAL LECTURE,
NSE LAGOS BRANCH, SHERATON HOTEL IKEJA, 14TH AUG 2001.
3. SHONUBI F.A: SUSTAINABILITY, PROFESSIONALISM ANDENGINEERING, 15TH OCT LECTURE, NSE, 4TH OCT 1996.
4. ENGINEERING ETHICS: THE PROFESSIONAL CHALLENGE
ETHICS.TAMU.EDU/ETHICS/ESSAYS/BROCHURE.HTM.
5. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROFESSIONAL ETHICSPROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL
PRACTICE LITERATURE AVAILABLE AT THE WEBSITE
HTTP://WWW.IS.CITYU.EDU.HK/RESEARCH/RESOURCSE/ISWORL
REFERENCES contd
http://www.is.cityu.edu.hk/RESEARCH/RESOURCSE/ISWORLD/ETICS/INDEX.HTMhttp://www.is.cityu.edu.hk/RESEARCH/RESOURCSE/ISWORLD/ETICS/INDEX.HTMhttp://www.is.cityu.edu.hk/RESEARCH/RESOURCSE/ISWORLD/ETICS/INDEX.HTM -
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6. IEEE INC, AND THE ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTING
MACHINERY INC, JOINT TASK FORCE ON SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALS PRACTICES(ADAPTATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTATION).
7. NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS: INVESTIGATION AND
FAILURE ANALYSIS COMMITTEE (IFAC) MINUTES AND
RECORDS.
8. HTTP//WWW.MATSCIENG.SUNYSB.EDU-ENGINEERING
DISASTERS AND LEARNING FROM FAILURE.
9. HTTP//WWW.ENOUGH.CORNEL. EDU- LIST OF SOMEENGINEERING SUCCESS AND FAILURES.
10. UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS REVISED CONDITIONS OF
SERVICE GOVERNING SENIOR STAFF.
REFERENCES contd
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11. OKORO C.C: THE SEARCH FOR STANDARDS FOR
ENGINEERING PRACTICE IN NIGERIA; CHAIRMAN,
CODES AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE, NIGERIAN
SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS.
12. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR ENGINEERS (IPDH)PDH ENGINEER.COM COURSE L-1002 BY EDWARD
BRUNET, JR, P.E.
13. CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERSWWW.IEINEHA.ORG/CODE ETHICS-PE.HTM
14. NSPE CODE OF ETHICS FOR ENGINEERS
WWW.NSPE.ORG/CODE OF ETHICS/INDEX.HTM
LIST OF SOME COLLAPSED BUILDINGS STRUCTURES
http://www.ieineha.org/code%20ethics-pe.htmhttp://www.nspe.org/codehttp://www.nspe.org/codehttp://www.ieineha.org/code%20ethics-pe.htmhttp://www.ieineha.org/code%20ethics-pe.htmhttp://www.ieineha.org/code%20ethics-pe.htm -
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LIST OF SOME COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES,
BOMB AND FIRE DISASTERS IN NIGERIA FROM THE
FAILURES AND ANALYSIS COMMITTEE OF THE NSE
1. IKEJA CANTONMENT BOMB EXPLOSIONS.
2. DAMAGE TO LEVER BROTHERS JETTY-APAPA.
3. EXPLOSION AT IDUMAGBO STREET, LAGOS.
COLLAPSED BUILDING, HOUSING EXPLOSIVES, 2-2-
2003, SEVERAL LIVES LOST.
4. TILTED 3-STOREY BUILDING AT 25 FUNSHO
DAWODU AVENUE, OFF ORILE IGANMU EXPRESS-
ROAD, SURULERE LGA.
5. FIRE DISASTER AT AUDITOR GENERAL OFFICE,
SECRETARIAT, ALAUSA, LAGOS STATE.
APPENDIX A contd
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6. COLLAPSED BUILDING OF SAQUE COMPREHENSIVE
COLLEGE, DIOBU, PORT HARCOURT, JANUARY 1991.
7. STRUCTURAL FAILURES AT THE UNITED HIGH SCHOOL,
IKORODU, SEPT 1991.
8. COLLAPSED BUILDING AT NO 17 MURTALA MOHAMMED
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ROAD, IKEJA JULY 1994.
9. DISTRESSED STRUCTURE OF HOUSE D-16 HFP WAY,
DOLPHIN HOUSING ESTATE, SCHEME II, IKOYI, OCT 1999.
10. COLLAPSED BUILDING AT 34 AJISOMO STREET, OFF
NNAMDI AZIKIWE STREET, LAGOS, 13TH MAY 2003.
11. COLLAPSED HOTEL COMPLEX, MENDE VILLAGE, LAGOS.
APPENDIX A contd12 COLLAPSED 3 STOREY BUILDING AT TAPA STREET ORILE
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12. COLLAPSED 3-STOREY BUILDING AT TAPA STREET, ORILEIGANMU, LAGOS 19TH APRIL 2003: SUB-STANDARDMATERIALS USED. THE BUILDING HAD NO APPROVED
DRAWING.
13. VELODROME COLLAPSE AT THE NEW ABUJA STADIUM,18TH OCTOBER 2003.
14. FIRE DISASTER AT RAYMOND HOUSE, HEAD QUARTEROF UBA, BROAD STREET, LAGOS.
15. FIRE DISASTER AT 13-STOREY, LAPAL HOUSE 4TH JAN2003.
16. FIRE DISASTER AT 10-STOREY NNPC BUILDING, IKOYI.17. BURNT SUPER ENGRING & WEST AFRICA RUBBER
COMPANY, ODOGUNYAN, IKORODU 17TH SEPT 2002.EXPLOSION WHERE A LARGE QUANTITY OF CHEMICALS
WERE KEPT.
APPENDIX A contd18 BURNT SKY POWER AVIATION HANDLING COMPANY
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18. BURNT SKY POWER AVIATION HANDLING COMPANY
LTD, INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, LAGOS.
19. BURNT CITY HALL, LAGOS ISLAND,30TH
SEPT 2003.20. COLLISION OF 2 LUXURY BUSES AT GIRI JUNCTION,
NEAR ABUJA(19-5-2003). 42 PERSONS DIED.
21. COLLISION OF LUXURY BUS WITH STATIONARY TANKER
AT NIGHT ALONG IFE ROAD (MARCH 2004). 70 PERSONS
DIED.
22. COLLAPSED STOREY BUILDING AT ACHALA LAYOUT IN
ENUGU.23. STRUCTURAL DEFECTS ON MARINA-OBALENDE
FLYOVER BRIDGE, 5TH DEC 1993.