prof Cecilia Montorsi
UNIT 1UNIT 1
SOME BASIC SOME BASIC CONCEPTSCONCEPTS
BASED ON LOCK, Graham. Functional English Grammar. USA. CUP. 1996. Pp 1-11
prof Cecilia Montorsi
FORMAL GRAMMARFORMAL GRAMMARLANGUAGE = set of rules which specify all the possible grammatical structures.
Grammatical =/= Ungrammatical sentences
MAIN CONCERN = the forms of the grammatical structure and their relationship to one another rather than with their meanings or uses in different contexts MATERIAL USED= sentences made up to illustrate different grammatical rules
FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL GRAMMARGRAMMAR
LANGUAGE = System of communication. The study of how language is organized to make and exchange meanings appropriate vs. inappropriate forms for a communicative purpose in a particular context.MAIN CONCERN = the functions of structures and their constituents and with their meanings in context. MATERIAL USED= Authentic texts.
FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AND
LANGUAGE TEACHING
prof Cecilia Montorsi
Most learners study a language to acquire the ability to communicate with other speakers or writers of the language.
Why do most learners study a language?
How can grammar contribute to language learning?
Grammar needs not only to lay out the forms and structures of the language, but also to show what they are for and how they are used.
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMARSYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
prof Cecilia Montorsi
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
As said before, its primary aim is to understand how the grammar of a language serves as a resource for making and exchanging meanings.
It is, therefore, likely to have useful things to say to language learners and teachers.
the theoretical and analytical framework adopted in this course, as well as much of the terminology, is drawn from the work of M.A.K. Halliday, who has had great influence on mother tongue and second language education.
LEXIS(words of the
language)
GRAMMARGRAMMARSYNTAXSYNTAX(arrangement ofwords)MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY (internal structure of words)
PHONOLOGY(sound system)
SEMANTICS (systems of meaning)
prof Cecilia Montorsi
LEVELS OF ANALYSISLEVELS OF ANALYSIS
LANGUAGELANGUAGE
Lexico-grammar
prof Cecilia Montorsi
THE ORGANIZATION OF GRAMMARTHE ORGANIZATION OF GRAMMAR
RANKRANK
CLASSCLASS
prof Cecilia Montorsi
RANKRANKDifferent levels of organization within Grammar Hierarchy
She’s great fun but her husband is rather dull. sentence
She’s great fun her husband is rather dull.
clauses
Shegreat fun her husbandis rather dull.
groups
great fun heris dull.
words
prof Cecilia Montorsi
prof Cecilia Montorsi
The relationship between the units is as follows:
each unit consists of one or more units of the rank
below it.
prof Cecilia Montorsi
NOUNSADJECTIVESADVERBS
VERBS
CLASSCLASSIt applies to words as well as to groups:
prof Cecilia Montorsi
MEANINGEXPERIENTIALEXPERIENTIAL
(IDEATIONAL)Language represents our experience of the world and of the inner world of our feelings and thoughts. It has to do with how we talk about actions, feelings situations, states, etc.
INTERPERSONALINTERPERSONALThe way we act upon one another through language, how we interact with other people –giving and requesting information, etc- and how we express our judgment and attitudes
TEXTUALTEXTUALThe way in which language is organized in relation to its context. It is important in the creation of coherence in spoken and written text.
May be