![Page 1: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Production of Biomethane/Synthetic
Natural Gas (SNG) from Dry Biomass –
A Technology Review 2015
Serge Biollaz, Tilman Schildhauer
Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
Jörgen Held
Renewtec AB, Sweden
Reinhard Seiser
University of California San Diego, USA
![Page 2: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gasification Methanation Gas conditioning
for natural gas grid
dust, S, Cl, (CO2), etc. H2O, CO2, (H2)
SNG Biomass Gas cleaning &
- conditioning
For each process step several options exist
Biomass and Bioenergy. 2009, 33, 1587 – 1604, M. Gassner, F. Maréchal
Find the “best” combination
Power-to-Gas
Conversion Process “Biomass-to-SNG” Multiple concepts & combination of unit operation exist
![Page 3: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gasification Methanation Gas conditioning
for natural gas grid
SNG Biomass Gas cleaning &
- conditioning
Conversion Process “Biomass-to-SNG” Carbon management
CO + 3 H2 CH4 + H2O methanation
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 water gas shift
C2H4 + 2 H2O 2 CO + 4 H2 steam reforming
C2H4 + x H2 C2H6, CH4 hydrogenation
C + ½ O2 CO gasification
C + H2O CO + H2 steam gasification
C + CO2 2 CO CO2 gasification
Gasification
Methanation, shift, etc.
x = 1 or 2
![Page 4: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gasification Methanation Gas conditioning
for natural gas grid
dust, S, Cl, (CO2), etc. H2O, CO2, (H2)
SNG Biomass Gas cleaning &
- conditioning
Conversion Process “Biomass-to-SNG” Sulfur management
C4H4S + 4 H2 H2S + C4H10 hydrodesulfurisation
H2S + Me(O) MeS + H2(O) chemisorption
Sulfur chemistry
MeS + 1.5 O2 MeO + SO2 regeneration
COS + H2O CO2 + H2S hydrolysis
![Page 5: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
0
5
10
15
1 10 100 1000
Biomass input [MWFuel]
bio
me
tha
ne
pro
du
cti
on
co
st
[c€
/kW
h]
~ large ~ medium ~ small
biomass, thermo-chemical
biogas
coal, thermo-chemical
Indicative classification
for different scales:
GoBIGas I E.On Bio2G
biogas
GoBIGas I GoBIGas II
(planning)
Bio2G
(planning)
hRNG: 60 … 70 %
hheat: 0 … 20 %
biomass, biological
Scale of SNG/RNG/Biomethane Installations
![Page 6: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EF
Gasification technologies: HPR: Heat pipe Reformer DFB: Dual Fluidized Bed
BFB: Bubbling Fluidized Bed CFB: Circulating Fluidized Bed EF: Entrained Flow
Selected key Technologies for SNG production Application Range
![Page 7: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Large-scale Thermo-chemical Conversion: Coal
• Dakota Gasification Company: Great Plains Synfuels Plant
• New coal-to-SNG in China (4’000 MWfuel, coal) : Siemens, Haldor Topsoe
• New methanation technology VESTA,
demonstration in China
http://www.gasification.org/uploads/eventLibrary/GTC-2012-5-4.pdf
http://www.gasification.org/uploads/eventLibrary/07HANNEMANN.pdf
![Page 8: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Large-scale Biomass Plants (>200 MWfuel)
• Lower specific investment and non-fuel operating costs
costs due to large plant size.
• Use of established technologies from the coal and refining
industry.
• Oxygen plant and pressurized systems can be employed.
• Difficult feedstock logistics. (Near ports or inclusion of coal
in the feedstock mix)
![Page 9: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Acceptable feedstock logistics (size similar to existing
biomass boilers)
• Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam
demand
• Down-scaling of large-scale technologies generally leads to
unattractive specific investment costs.
• Indirect gasification and fluidized-bed methanation are
technologies with high conversion efficiency.
• Gas cleanup becomes economic hurdle due to several
process steps.
Medium-scale Biomass Plants (~100 MWfuel)
![Page 10: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Indirect Gasification – Industrial-scale Plants
Location/
Technology
Usage or
product
Fuel/Product
MW/MW
Start up Status
Güssing, AUT
FICFB
Gas engine/
BioSNG demo
8fuel / 2el
1 MWSNG
2002
2009
Operational
-
Oberwart, AUT
FICFB
Gas engine/ORC 8.5fuel / 2.8el 2008 Operational
Senden, DE
FICFB
Gas engine/ORC 14fuel / 5el 2011 Operational
Burgeis, IT
FICFB
Gas engine 2fuel / 0.5el 2012 Operational
Gothenburg, SWE
FICFB
BioSNG 32fuel / 20SNG 2013 Operational
Alkmaar, NL
MILENA
BioSNG 4fuel / 2.8SNG Planned
FICFB = Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed
MILENA = Multipurpose Integrated Lab-unit for Explorative and Innovative Achievements in biomass gasification
![Page 11: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BioSNG Pilot Plants
Location/
Technology
R&D Capacity Start up Status
Petten, NL
MILENA
ECN - R&D 800 kWfuel 2008 Operational
California, US
FICFB
Woodland project
- R&D fluidized
bed methanation
1 MWfuel 2013 Commissioning
Lyon, FR
FICFB
GAYA project -
R&D platform
500 kWfuel Under
construction
Gothenburg, SWE
Dual bed
Chalmers
R&D
2 MW 2007 Operational
Köping, SWE
WoodRoll®
Ultraclean syngas
- R&D
500 kWfuel Commissioning
Swindon, UK
FBG+Plasma
Gas cleaning -
R&D
500 kWfuel 2015 Operational
FBG = Fluidized Bed Gasifier
![Page 12: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
https://www.dbfz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/B_Kraftstoffe/Final_project_report_biomethan.pdf
EU Project “BioSNG”: 2006-2009 FICFB gasification with fluidized-bed methanation
BioSNG pilot plant
Block flow diagram of BioSNG pilot plant
in Güssing, AT
![Page 13: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BioSNG Project in Sweden Industrial plant “GoBiGas”
http://www.ieatask33.org/app/webroot/files/file/2013/Workshop_Gothenburg/19/Thnuman.pdf
![Page 14: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BioSNG Project in the Netherlands ECN System for MEthanation (ESME)
ftp://ftp.ecn.nl/pub/www/library/report/2015/l15044.pdf ftp://ftp.ecn.nl/pub/www/library/report/2015/e15008.pdf
![Page 15: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
http://www2.nationalgrid.com/UK/Our-company/Innovation/Gas-distribution-innovation/NIC-Projects/BioSNG-Process-Diagram/
BioSNG Project in United Kingdom Gas cleaning with plasma
![Page 16: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BioSNG Project in Japan Gasification concept for scaling DFB up to 200 MWfuel
http://www.nedo.go.jp/content/100545716.pdf, p. 40
![Page 17: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RNG Efforts in California
• Natural gas constitutes 33% of primary energy consumption
• Aggressive Greenhouse-gas reduction goals, various RNG incentives
• Electrical utility SMUD performing techno-economic evaluation of a
100 MWFuel, 60 MWRNG demonstration plant
Evaluation of gas-cleanup
technologies (sulfur compounds)
at small scale.
Solid adsorbents:
- Microporous, nanoporous
carbon (Brightblack)
- MOFs
Woodland RNG Research Project:
FICFB Pilot Plant, 1 MWFuel Laboratory-scale fluidized-
bed methanation (5 l/min).
CH4, CO2
Producer gas
Sulfur-free
producer gas
As part of the gas-cleanup chain
… …
![Page 18: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Lower financial risk due to a lower investment cost
• Easier to secure the future feedstock supply
• Easier logistics since less feedstock is needed
• Best match with local heat demand in cold climates
• Possible synergies with existing biogas plants
• Indirect gasification is commercially available for small
scale plants
• Technologies developed for small scale preferred
compared to scaling down large-scale technologies
Small-scale Biomass Plants (~10 MWfuel)
![Page 19: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lowering Investment and Operation Costs
• Larger plant size decreases specific investment and operating costs
Feedstock delivery to ports
Feedstock pretreatments
Blending with coal
• Increased automation
• Cheaper feedstocks: Urban wood, RDF, MSW – but tradeoff with
higher costs for separation, operational difficulties, and gas cleaning
• Higher carbon conversion by merging with power-to-gas route
• For methanation
Removal of organic sulfur compounds without removing BTX
Sulfur-tolerant methanation catalysts
Reduction/simplification of gas cleanup steps
![Page 20: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Projects on Thermo-chemical SNG Production Observation on the focus of the R&D activities
• A multitude of gasification processes exist to produce a syngas suitable
for SNG/biomethane production.
• DFB is the dominant design (FICFB, MILENA, TIGAR, ..)
Gasification
Reforming, shift, methanation, etc.
• A multitude of gas cleaning and methanation processes exist to
produce a (ultra) clean syngas suitable for SNG / biomethane
production.
• There is no dominant design yet.
![Page 21: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Acknowledgments
USA
Switzerland
Sweden
BFE KTI/CTI SNF
![Page 22: Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG… · Production of Biomethane/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ... •Easier to match excess heat with local heat or steam ... (ESME)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022020109/5b7e405f7f8b9ad97d8b76d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Backup Slide - Natural Gas Consumption
UK* Nether- lands*
Switzer- land*
Sweden* Austria* US California
Natural gas consumption
[PJ/y] 3,300 1,430 115 65 290 26,200 2,638
Natural gas as fraction of prim. energy consumption
[%] 38% 44% 10% 3% 22% 26% 33%
Natural gas import dependency
(import-export) / consumption
42% 0% 100% 100% 75% 5% 90%
Biomass availability [% of prim. energy, 2020]
5% 5% 10% 20-25% 20% 8% 7%
http://www.ieatask33.org/app/webroot/files/file/2012/IEA%20Bioenergy%20Conference/SessionI1-van_der_Drift.pdf http://www.energydelta.org/mainmenu/energy-knowledge/country-gas-profiles http://www.energie-nederland.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Energie-in-Nederland-2011.pdf
*Sources: