Download - Privacy and Analytics – it’s a DELICATE Issue. A Checklist for Trusted Learning Analytics
LearningAnaly,cs
HEManagerssee:• Promisevs.Concerns• Poten5alvs.Risks• Benefitsvs.Cost• Purposevs.Compe55vePressures• Inten5onsvs.Hesita5ons
• LeadingtoConfusion
HEIs:HowtoimplementLA?
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• $100millioninvestment• Aim:Personalizedlearninginpublicschools,throughdata&technology
standards• 9USstatespar5cipated,in2013dataaboutmillionsofchildren
havebeenstored
PrivacyasShow-StopperforLA
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PrivacyasShow-StopperforLA
Ignoringthefearsandpublicpercep,onoftheapplica5onofanaly5cscanleadtoalackof
acceptance,protests,andevenfailureofen5reLAimplementa5ons.
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RelatedResearchWork
Prinsloo&Slade(2013)Slade&Prinsloo(2013)Pardo&Siemens(2014)Prinsloo&Slade(2015)Hoel&Chen(2015)Sclater,Bailey(2015)Steiner,Kickmeier-Rust,Albert(2015)
hGp://bit.ly/lace-privacy.
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RelatedPolicies
hYp://www.open.ac.uk/students/charter/essen5al-documents/ethical-use-student-data-learning-analy5cs-policy#
hYps://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/jd0040_code_of_prac5ce_for_learning_analy5cs_190515_v1.pdf
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RelatedPolicies
hYp://www.ed.ac.uk/informa5on-services/learning-technology/learning-analy5cs
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RelatedPolicies• HEIlawondatacollec5oninNLlikeinall
EUcountriessinceNurembergtrials(datacollec5onallowedtoimproveeduca5on,clearpurpose,consent,limitedaccess)
• Engelfriet,A.,Jeunink,E.,Manderveld,J.(2015).Learninganaly,csonderdeWetbeschermingpersoonsgegevens.hYps://www.surf.nl/kennis-en-innova5e/kennisbank/2015/learning-analy5cs-onder-de-wet-bescherming-persoonsgegevens.html
• SURFfollow-upreportwithusecasesinprepara5on
ResearchEthics
Originslieinpost-WWII.–Milestones:• NurembergCode(1949)• HelsinkiDeclara5on(1964)• BelmontReport(1978)• 2000s:BiomedicalScience• RRI(ResponsibleResearchandInnova5on)
UnethicalResearch
MilgramExperiment
StanfordPrisonExperiment
FacebookStudy
Privacy
• Therighttobelehalone(Wes5n1968)• Informa5onalself-determina5on(Flaherty1989)
• Informa5onal,decisional,localprivacy(Roessler2005)
• Privacyisnotanonymityordatasecurity!
Privacy
Contextual Integrity vs. Big Data Research
Context bound information vs.
Repurposing of data
WhoaretheBadGuys?
ME&
MYDATAGovernment? Commerce?
Educa5on? Hackers&BadGuys?
LegalFrameworks
• EUDataProtec5onDirec5ve95/46/EC(automatedprocessingof‘personaldata’)2016:GeneralDataProtec5onRegula5on(GDPR)
• Restric5ngthe(re-)useofdataà vs.andcontradic5ng• BigDatabusinessmodels• EuropeanDataReten5onDirec5ve2006/24/EC(datastorageforsecuritypurposes)
Moderniza,onofEUUniversi,esreportRecommenda,on14MemberStatesshouldensurethatlegalframeworksallowhigher
educa5onins5tu5onstocollectandanalyselearningdata.Thefullandinformedconsentofstudentsmustbearequirementandthedatashouldonlybeusedforeduca5onalpurposes.
Recommenda,on15Onlineplaoormsshouldinformusersabouttheirprivacyanddata
protec5onpolicyinaclearandunderstandableway.Individualsshouldalwayshavethechoicetoanonymisetheirdata.
hGp://ec.europa.eu/educa,on/library/reports/modernisa,on-
universi,es_en.pdf
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LegalFrameworks
hYps://studentprivacypledge.org/
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LegalFrameworks
Fears
• Power-rela5onship,userexploita5on• Dataownership• Anonymityanddatasecurity• Privacyanddataiden5ty• Transparencyandtrust
Power-rela,onship
• Trackingandid-ingusersorci5zensbystateorcorpora5ons(e.g.insurancecompanies,banks,carmanufacturers,etc.)=benefitnottotheuser!
• Power-rela5onshipisasymmetrical
Exploita,on
• Freelabourasbusinessmodeloffor-profitcompanies
• Crowdsourcingoutsidethe„commons“
DataOwnership
DataOwnership
AnonymityandDataSecurity
• Noabsoluteanonymityorde-iden5fica5on
• Integra5onofmul5pledatasourcesincreasecompromisedpersonaliden5ty
• Datastoresarenot100%secure
PrivacyandDataIden,ty
• Systemiden5tyvs.Socialiden5ty• Peopleapproximatedontodatamodelsbyprobability
• Power:datasubjectshavenosayinthedesignofdatamodel
TransparencyandTrust
• Assump5on:moretransparency=moretrust• But:rela5onshipismostlyasymmetrical(individualvs.bigcorpora5on)
• Transparencyasinstrumentofcontrol
Introducing:DELICATE
• Isnotreplacingdeepthoughts!
• Checklistforquickdataconversa5ons
• TofacilitatetrustedLA
• Guidefordatascien5sts,decisionmakers
• Inspiredbymedicalchecklistsforpa5entinforma5on
Introducing:DELICATE
Introducing:DELICATE
Introducing:DELICATE
CallforPapers
SpecialIssue:JournalofHEDevelopment(ZfHE)LearningAnaly,cs:Implica,onsforHigherEduca,on
hYp://bit.ly/1qXTaNzDeadline:10June2016Publica5ondate:Spring2017