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Pretrial Justice Institute Cherise Fanno Burdeen
National Association of CountiesMay 2010, Allegheny County PA
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The nation's only non profit think tank and advocacy organization dedicated to informed pretrial decision making◦ Promote safer communities through bail legislation
reform◦ Support research on pretrial policy and practice◦ Provide training and technical assistance to criminal
justice stakeholders◦ Educate the public about the community impact of
pretrial decisions
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Between 12 and 13 million annual bookings 14.5% of men and 31% of women admitted to jail have a serious mental illness, up from 8% in 2007◦ http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/conte
nt/abstract/60/6/761 (Steadman and colleagues, 2009)
Nearly ¾ of those with mental illness have co-occurring substance use disorders◦ Abram & Teplin, American Psychologist, 46. 1991
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People with mental illness are more likely:◦ To be arrested◦ To be detained because they cannot post even very low
bonds◦ To be charged with more serious crimes◦ To have stiffer penalties imposed◦ To spend 2-5x longer in jail (and require more health
services)◦ To be involved in more fights, infractions and sanctionsMassaro, J. 2005. Overview of the mental health service system for criminal justice professionals.
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Defining a target group for diversion
Negotiating community-based treatment alternatives to incarceration, andImplementing linkages to comprehensive systems of care and appropriate community supervision consistent with the disposition of the criminal justice contact.
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Conduct screening at the front door◦ Identify those with potential mental health issues
that would affect appearance in court and public safety◦ Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (“short form”)
Policy Research Associates, Inc., 20058 questions; use results to determine if refer for an assessment
Provide options to the court, at bail setting◦ Use outcome of assessment + options for pretrial
supervision
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Coordinate the availability of mental health resources (and housing, employment, etc.)Assistance in complying with imposed conditionsReduce victimization – serving time in any facility can increase criminal offending, and can make existing mental health issues worseExercise patience and perseverance
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Know your data◦ Percent of people in your jurisdiction with mental
illness◦ Percent of average daily jail population with mental
illness◦ Rate of pretrial misconduct of defendants with
mental illness◦ Average length of stay of mentally ill versus general
defendants/inmates◦ Average cost per day for mentally ill versus general
defendants/inmates◦ Number of people with mental illness killed during
encounters with police or in jail (suicide)
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Know what “evidence-based” programming isSupport a shared governance structure◦ Transparent◦ Accountable◦ AgileUnderstand options for funding, technical assistance and training
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Janice Dean, Interim Director, Pretrial ServicesAmy Kroll, Director, Justice-Related Services
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What are you trying to fund? ◦ Typically labor for screening/case mgmt◦ Maybe increasing community-based treatment
services capacity Federal◦ Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Mental Health Courts, JAG/Pretrial Services, Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program
◦ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
Co-occurring/offender reentry
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State◦ Governors’ Offices◦ State Administering Agencies◦ State Mental Health CommissionersCounty◦ Cobble together parts of an FTE from several
stakeholder agencies to create a local coordinatorPrivate Funding◦ The Foundation Center◦ Local Chamber of Commerce
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The CMHS National GAINS Center/SAMHSAThe Council for State GovernmentsNational Association of Pretrial Services Agencies◦ Diversion Standards◦ Survey of Diversion Programs◦ Diversion Promising PracticesJail Diversion Cost Simulation Model◦ Human Services Research InstitutePretrial Justice Institute
Free technical assistance