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VIRTUAL REALITY
Flow
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Organisation of the paper
IntroductionBrief History of VRMajor Applications of VRAdvantages of VRChallenges to VR Application
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Introduction
Virtual Reality (VR) refers to computer-simulated environments that can simulatephysical presence in places in the realworld, as well as in imaginary worlds.
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Most current virtual reality environments are
primarily visual experiences, displayed eitheron a computer screen or throughspecial displays, but some simulationsinclude additional sensory information, suchas sound through speakers or headphones.
Some advanced, haptic systems nowinclude tactile information, generally knownas force feedback, in medical and gamingapplications.
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Brief History of VR
Virtual reality can trace its roots to the1860s, when 360-degree art through
panoramic murals began to appear
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JIT Components
Eliminate DisruptionsFlexible SystemReduce set-up and Lead timesMinimize InventoryEliminate waste
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General JIT ImplementationGuidelines
Top Management SupportEducation and Training
Thorough PlanningPilot Project
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Advantages of JIT
Ease of MovementRelax Fit
Strategic DeploymentFlexibilityCleanliness
Low ProfileConvenienceSimplicity
Speed
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Introduction contd
The paper outlines a brief history of JIT,general implementation guidelines,
components of JIT that can be effectivelyimplemented with the underlying benefits.The paper also highlights some of the
components of JIT that may be difficult toimplement.
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Introduction contd
Details in the paper borrow heavily fromthe industrial setting where this
technology has been found to workeffectively.It draws comparative analysis of the
areas of possible application and areaswhere application may not be suitable.Lessons are drawn for education and
training leaders and managers.
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BRIEF HISTORY OF JITSYSTEM CONTD
Major companies embraced quality asbeing a central theme of JIT
manufacturing system all over the world.Today JIT system has been adopted inmany companies in the world all over
from giant manufacturing industries tosmall-scale industries.
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BRIEF HISTORY OF JITSYSTEM CONTD
The management system is not onlypegged on manufacturing industries but
also to service industry including schoolsand training institutions.The system has also attracted different
terms as: lean management, kaizen, andagile among others depending with theimplementation mode
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF JIT
JIT is a philosophy embodying variousconcepts that result in a different way of
doing business for most organizations.The basic tenets of this philosophyinclude:
All waste should be eliminatedJIT is a never ending journey, but withrewarding steps and milestones.Inventory is a waste.
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF JITCONTD
FlexibilityMutual respect and support
Team effortThe employee who performs a task often isthe best source of suggested improvementsin the operation. It is important to employ theworkers' brains, not merely their hands.
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General JIT ImplementationGuidelines
In this section I summarise generalguidelines, taken from the literature, forJIT implementation, which will bediscussed in the context of theeducational institutions management in alatter section.
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Top Management Support
Since JIT encompasses a number offunctional areas of the organisation, top
management support is a must.The top management must be involved inthe process and know what it will cost,
how long it will take to complete theconversion and the expected results
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Education and Training
Various authors emphasise training andeducation as a fundamental requirement for JITimplementation in order to promote a significantchange in attitude of the workforce that will
create an environment conducive to completingthe implementationPurchase of a bunch of computers and someform of software for a school is not an end on itsown. The staff must be trained their use andbenefits.The employees are fully informed about what JITis and why it is desirable and are assured oftheir job security
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Thorough Planning
Implementing JIT operational aspects, withoutconsidering the underlying principles, will notbring the full benefits of JIT.
It is important that JIT is seen as a philosophyrather than a set of add-on techniques to currentpracticesThe organisation must question why and how ituses JIT and be able to figure out the results ofundertaking JIT and incorporate them into itsstrategy
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Pilot Project
A pilot project is necessary to demonstrateto all employees how the system works.It must be large enough to give animpressive result, but not so large that itcannot be completed in a short time.It should involve the best people and berun on a controllable environment to avoidcomplexity in the first place
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JIT Components
The ultimate goal of JIT is a balancedsystem that is one that achieves a smoothrapid flow of services through the system.The focus is to make the process time of a
product or service as short as possible by
using resources in the best way possible.
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JIT Components contd
Eliminate disruptions
Flexible systemReduce set-up times and lead timesMinimize inventory
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JIT Components contd
Eliminate wasteDefects Over-OrderingWaiting Movement Inappropriate Processing
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Total quality control
In the institutional set up the top quality controlcan be effectively attained in both instructionalmaterials and equipments and teaching.Teaching would be governed by the commentsin the market or the next level where the nextlevel dictate the quality to be produced in thelower level of learning.This has profound advantages in that humanresource so produced would be in tune withmarket requirements.
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Total quality control contd
The training equipments and materialsquality can be attained with institutions
working in collaboration with suppliers andmanufacturers.Longer relationship between the institutions,
suppliers, and manufacturers enhancequality control where each other assist inmanaging quality.
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Preventive maintenance
Preventive maintenance is a major aspect ofany organisation, which involves maintaining
equipment and machines in good operatingcondition and rectifying problems before theyactually occur
The major purpose underlying preventivemaintenance being to intercept small problemsbefore they develop into big problems.
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Preventive maintenance contd
Seiri (Tidiness)Seiton (orderliness)Seiso (Cleanliness)
Seiketsu (Standardization)Shitsuke (Discipline)
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Personnel organisationalelements
Employees as assets Cross-trained Employees
Continuous improvement
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Advantages of JITT
In this section advantages of using Just-In-TimeTechnology are outlined.These are drawn from various literature sources.
The advantages outlined are theoretical basedon the availability of lightweight laptop carts,batteries that last an entire day, networksoftware that is fast and reliable, and equipment
that performs in a trustworthy manner. Thelaptop computers used in institutions do notrequire cable connections but rather usewireless connection.
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Advantages of JITT contd
Ease of MovementRelaxed FitStrategic DeploymentFlexibilityCleanliness
Low ProfileConvenienceSimplicitySpeed
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Conclusion
JIT has profound benefits as toinstitutional management as outlinedabove. However there are some of itscomponents that may not be adaptable toinstitutional management due to theirnature of applicability and underlying
goals of institutional establishment. Thishowever does not negate its adoption ininstitutional management.
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Conclusion contd
Planning for adoption where purpose and learningahead of introduction of the technology. Thisgrants the technology a better chance of gainingbroad based use and acceptance among theteachers and other users. Threats and directivesare unlikely to gain audience, rather careful
matching of program offerings and professionaldevelopment with diverse teacher styles,inclinations and goals.
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Conclusion contd
Preparation of the institution to integrateJITT is a necessity. The institutions thatcultivate the soil by investing in lesson
development and professional developmentwell ahead of equipment are likely to seegrowth and change.
Organisational development is more likelyto produce behaviour change and resultsthan tools and toys.
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Conclusion contd
Balance in investment of all of the elementsthat combine to bring about results. Theseinclude professional development,Information resources assessment,Planning, Organisational cultivation,opportunity cost, software purchase andrenewal.The institutions should exercise reasonablecaution when selecting technology.
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Conclusion contd
It is clear that it is possible for educationalinstitutions to adopt JITT and realise positiveresults. Care should however be taken toensure that only those components thatwould exhibit profound results are adopted.It is also clear that not all JITT componentsapplicable in manufacturing industrialmanagement would necessarily beapplicable in institutional management.
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Thank you
LETS GO KAIZEN inTRAINING