Prescribed by National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook (Bangla version) for Class Two from 2003, English version of the book from academic year 2007.
ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS
Book Two
Authors / Editors
Dr. Munibur Rahman Chowdhury A.M.M.Ahsanullah Khan Kalimullah Rokeya Begum
Translators Tasneem Athar Sheikh Anwar Hossain
NATIONAL CURRICULUM & TEXTBOOK BOARD, DHAKA
Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board
69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000.
[All rights reserved by the publisher]Is permitted to print and sell (one thousend)
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Cover & Illustrations:Md. Jalal Uddin
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DesignNational Curriculum and Textbook Board
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PrefaceFor improving the existing quality of Primary Education in Bangladesh, National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) in collaboration with PEDP-2 initiated an extensive program for development of curriculum and teaching learning materials in 2002. In the light of this program the curriculum, textbooks and other teaching learning materials of Primary levels have been prepared, revised and evaluated.
The textbook entitled, 'Elementary Mathematics' has been prepared on the basis of attainable competencies for the students of Class Two. The subject matter of the textbook is derived from the basic elements of mathematics following the attainable learning outcomes as depicted in the curriculum. This will facilitate our young learners to know how they can make best use of this knowledge. The contents of the book are analyzed and explained in such a manner with practical examples, illustrations and system of planned activities, that students are inspired to study the subject with a keen interest.
This book is originally published in Bangla. From 2007 NCTB is publishing the English version of the textbook. English is the language of choice in today's globalized world. To facilitate the verbal and written communication skills of our future citizens and suitably prepare them for international competition, we decided to translate the original Bangla textbooks into English. It's pleasant to note that the number of English medium schools in Bangladesh is increasing very fast. In this context NCTB decided to publish all the textbooks of Primary level in English. This was a big endeavour for us. Despite our all efforts the Textbook may not be totally error free. However, in the future editions we shall try to remove all errors and discrepancies.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who have made their valuable contributions in writing, editing, evaluating and translating this book. I sincerely hope that the book will be useful to those for whom it has been prepared.
Prof. Md. Mostofa Kamaluddin Chairman
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
Dhaka
Lesson Topic Pages
1. Numbers 1-20
Let us see if we can 21-22
2. Place Value 23-25
3. Even Numbers and Odd Numbers 26
4. Comparison of Numbers : Smaller or Greater 27
5. Ascending and Descending Order of Numbers 28
6. Ordinal Numbers 29-30
Let us see if we can 31-33
7. Addition 34-38
8. Subtraction 39-43
9. Relation between Addition & Subtraction 44
Let us see if we can 45-46
10. Multiplication 47-63
11. Division 64-67
Let us see if we can 68
12. Bangladeshi Currency and Note 69-71
13. Fraction 72-74
14. Measurement 75-77
15. Weeks, Days, Months, Seconds 78-81
Minutes, Hours
16. Geometrical Shapes 82-84
Let us see if we can 85-88
CONTENTSCONTENTS
Numbers (51-60)
Count and Read51
Fifty one
52Fifty two
53Fifty three
54Fifty four
55Fifty five
56Fifty six
57Fifty seven
58Fifty eight
59Fifty nine
60Sixty
2 Count and Read
Numbers (61-70)
Count and Read61
Sixty one
62Sixty two
63Sixty three
64Sixty four
65Sixty five
66Sixty six
67Sixty seven
68Sixty eight
69Sixty nine
70Seventy
3Elementary Mathematics
Numbers (71-80)
Count and Read71
Seventy one
72Seventy two
73Seventy three
74Seventy four
75Seventy five
76Seventy six
77Seventy seven
78Seventy eight
79Seventy nine
80Eighty
4 Count and Read
Numbers (81 -90)
Count and Read81
Eighty one
82Eighty two
83Eighty three
84Eighty four
85Eighty five
86Eighty six
87Eighty seven
88Eighty eight
89Eighty nine
90Ninety
5Elementary Mathematics
Numbers (91-100)
Count and Read91
Ninety one
92Ninety two
93Ninety three
94Ninety four
95Ninety five
96Ninety six
97Ninety seven
98Ninety eight
99Ninety nine
100One Hundred
Numbers (51-60)
Count in Tens and Read51
Fifty one5 tens and 1
5 tens and 2
5 tens and 3
5 tens and 4
5 tens and 5
5 tens and 6
5 tens and 7
5 tens and 8
5 tens and 9
6 tens
52Fifty two
53Fifty three
54Fifty four
55Fifty five
56Fifty six
57Fifty seven
58Fifty eight
59Fifty nine
60Sixty
7Count in Tens and Read
Numbers (61-70)
Count in Tens and Read61
Sixty one6 tens and 1
6 tens and 2
6 tens and 3
6 tens and 4
6 tens and 5
6 tens and 6
6 tens and 7
6 tens and 8
6 tens and 9
7 tens
62Sixty two
63Sixty three
64Sixty four
65Sixty five
66Sixty six
67Sixty seven
68Sixty eight
69Sixty nine
70Seventy
8 Elementary Mathematics
Numbers (71-80)
Count in Tens and Read71
Seventy one7 tens and 1
7 tens and 2
7 tens and 3
7 tens and 4
7 tens and 5
7 tens and 6
7 tens and 7
7 tens and 8
7 tens and 9
8 tens
72Seventy two
73Seventy three
74Seventy four
75Seventy five
76Seventy six
77Seventy seven
78Seventy eight
79Seventy nine
80Eighty
9Count in Tens and Read
Numbers (81-90)
Count in Tens and Read81
Eighty one8 tens and 1
8 tens and 2
8 tens and 3
8 tens and 4
8 tens and 5
8 tens and 6
8 tens and 7
8 tens and 8
8 tens and 9
9 tens
82Eighty two
83Eighty three
84Eighty four
85Eighty five
86Eighty six
87Eighty seven
88Eighty eight
89Eighty nine
90Ninety
10 Elementary Mathematics
Numbers (91-100)
Count in Tens and Read91
Ninety one9 tens and 1
9 tens and 2
9 tens and 3
9 tens and 4
9 tens and 5
9 tens and 6
9 tens and 7
9 tens and 8
9 tens and 9
10 tens
92Ninety two
93Ninety three
94Ninety four
95Ninety five
96Ninety six
97Ninety seven
98Ninety eight
99Ninety nine
100One Hundred
2 22 42
4 24 44
6 26 46
8 28 48
10 30 50
12 32 52
14 34 54
16 36 56
18 38 58
20 40 60
Count in 2S (2-60)
Count and Read
12 Count and Read
3 33
6 36
9 39
12 42
15 45
18 48
21 51
24 54
27 57
30 60
Count in 3S (3-60)
Count and Read
13Elementary Mathematics
Count in 4S (4-60)
Count and Read
4 24 44
8 28 48
12 32 52
16 36 56
20 40 60
14 Count and Read
Count in 5S (5-60)
Count and Read
5 25 45
10 30 50
15 35 55
20 40 60
15Elementary Mathematics
Count in 10S (10-100)
Count and Read10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Read and Write in Figures51 51 68 85
52 69 86
53 70 87
54 71 88
55 72 89
56 73 90
57 74 91
58 75 92
59 76 93
60 77 94
61 78 95
62 79 96
63 80 97
64 81 98
65 82 99
66 83 100
67 84
17Read and Write in Figures
Read and Write in FiguresFifty one 51 Sixty eight Eighty five
Fifty two Sixty nine Eighty six
Fifty three Seventy Eighty seven
Fifty four Seventy one Eighty eight
Fifty five Seventy two Eighty nine
Fifty six Seventy three Ninety
Fifty seven Seventy four Ninety one
Fifty eight Seventy five Ninety two
Fifty nine Seventy six Ninety three
Sixty Seventy seven Ninety four
Sixty one Seventy eight Ninety five
Sixty two Seventy nine Ninety six
Sixty three Eighty Ninety seven
Sixty four Eighty one Ninety eight
Sixty five Eighty two Ninety nine
Sixty six Eighty three One hundred
Sixty seven Eighty four
18 Elementary Mathematics
Read and Write in Figures21 Twenty one Twentyone 41 Forty one
22 Twenty two 42 Forty two
23 Twenty three 43 Forty three
24 Twenty four 44 Forty four
25 Twenty five 45 Forty five
26 Twenty six 46 Forty six
27 Twenty seven 47 Forty seven
28 Twenty eight 48 Forty eight
29 Twenty nine 49 Forty nine
30 Thirty 50 Fifty
31 Thirty one 51 Fifty one
32 Thirty two 52 Fifty two
33 Thirty three 53 Fifty three
34 Thirty four 54 Fifty four
35 Thirty five 55 Fifty five
36 Thirty six 56 Fifty six
37 Thirty seven 57 Fifty seven
38 Thirty eight 58 Fifty eight
39 Thirty nine 59 Fifty nine
40 Forty 60 Sixty
19Read and Write in Figures
Read and Write in Figures61 Sixty one Sixty one 81 Eighty one
62 Sixty two 82 Eighty two
63 Sixty three 83 Eighty three
64 Sixty four 84 Eighty four
65 Sixty five 85 Eighty five
66 Sixty six 86 Eighty six
67 Sixty seven 87 Eighty seven
68 Sixty eight 88 Eighty eight
69 Sixty nine 89 Eighty nine
70 Seventy 90 Ninety
71 Seventy one 91 Ninety one
72 Seventy two 92 Ninety two
73 Seventy three 93 Ninety three
74 Seventy four 94 Ninety four
75 Seventy five 95 Ninety five
76 Seventy six 96 Ninety six
77 Seventy seven 97 Ninety seven
78 Seventy eight 98 Ninety eight
79 Seventy nine 99 Ninety nine
80 Eighty 100 One hundred
Read the Numbers (1-100)
1 2 5 8 4 9 10 3 7 6
15 11 17 14 13 20 12 19 16 18
22 25 21 27 23 28 24 26 30 29
33 38 31 35 39 36 32 40 37 34
48 42 49 45 46 44 47 41 43 50
60 52 57 55 59 51 53 58 56 54
61 69 63 68 70 62 6 6 64 65 67
77 73 76 75 80 79 78 74 72 71
86 83 89 84 90 82 87 85 88 81
91 98 93 97 96 100 99 92 95 94
20 Elementary Mathematics
21Read the Numbers (1-100)
Let us See if We Can 1. Look at the picture, count, read and write the numbers (One is done for you)
2. Read in tens and write down the numbers (One is done for you)
53 5 tens 367 tens 85 tens91 tens 69 tens
78 tens87 tens 64 tens56 tens 99 tens
5 tens 8 58
tens
tens
tens
tens
22 Elementary Mathematics
Let us See if We Can 3. Write in figures from 53 to 80.4. Write in words from 53 to 80. 5. Write in figures from 81 to 100. 6. Write in words from 81 to 100.
7. Write in figuresTwenty one, Twenty seven, Twenty nine, Thirty seven,Forty five, Thirty nine, Forty nine, Fifty six, Fifty nine,
,enin ytneveS ,ruof ytneveS ,eno ythgiE ,owt ytxiS Eighty eight, Sixty nine, Ninety nine, Eighty nine,
.derdnuh enO ,eerht yteniN ,evif yteniN
8. Write in words
26, 30, 23, 34, 40, 42, 37, 47, 51, 49
55, 66, 59, 72, 85, 83, 77, 89, 98, 94.
9. Count and write in 2s from 2 to 58.10. Count and write in 3s from 3 to 39.11. Count and write in 4s from 4 to 48.12. Count and write in 5s from 5 to 55.13. Count and write in 10s from 10 to100.
14. Write in the missing numbers :a) 6, 8, 10,____, ____, 16,____, ____, 22, ____, 26.b) 27, 30, 33, ____, 39,____, ____, 48,____, ____ 57.c) 5, 10,____, ____, 25, ____, 35, ____, ____, ____, 55.d) 10, ____, ____, 40, ____, ____ 70, ____ , ____ 100.
,
, ,
Place Value
tens
1 tens 0 ones1 tens
1 0
0 ones 0
10
3
6
20
0
0
100
10
1 tens
3 ones
1 tens
6 ones
2 tens
0 ones
0 tens1 hundred
1 3
2
1 0 0
6
1 tens 3 ones1 tens 3
2 tens 6 ones2 tens 6
10
13
26
100
ones
tens ones
tens
hundred tens ones
1 hundred 0 tens 0 ones1 hundred
ones
24 Place Value
Look at the Pictures, Count and Write the Figures in the Boxes(Two are Done for You)
tens ones tens ones
tens ones tens ones
tens ones tens ones
tens ones tens ones
37 64
25Elementary Mathematics
Write the Place Value (One is done for you)
4 7
7 ones4 tens
6 3 7 1
2 9 3 8
9 0 1 0 0
5 9
740
Even Numbers and Odd Numbers
Even Numbers (51-100)
52 54 56 58 6062 64 66 68 7072 74 76 78 8082 84 86 88 9092 94 96 98 100
Write the even numbers
Odd numbers (51-100)
52, 55, 60, 63, 66
58, 67, 68, 78, 79
75, 87, 91, 80, 82
Look at: 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 are in the ones of the odd numbers. Write the odd Numbers
51, 53, 56, 62, 6360, 65, 68, 77, 7967, 76, 72, 81, 84
51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99
Note : 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 are in the ones of the even numbers.
Comparison of NumbersGreater or Smaller
20 + 1 = 21 ∴ 21 is greater than 20
Note: If the digits of tens are same in two-digit numbers.Then the number with larger digit at ones greater.
Note: Between two numbers with two digits, the number having the greater digit in tens is greater.
22, 2522 = 2 tens and 2 25 = 2 tens and 5
∴25 is greater and 22 is smaller
37, 3437 = 3 tens and 734 = 3 tens and 4
∴ 37 is greater and 34 is smaller
40, 3040 = 4 tens 30 = 3 tens
∴ 40 is greater and 30 is smaller
38, 4038 = 3 tens and 840 = 4 tens
∴40 is greater and 38 is smaller
38, 48
38 = 3 tens and 8
48 = 4 tens and 8
∴ 48 is greater and 38 is smaller 47, 81
81 = 8 tens and 1
47 = 4 tens and 7
∴ 81 is greater and 47 is smaller
43, 39
43 = 4 tens and 3
39 = 3 tens and 9
∴43 is greater and 39 is smaller 99, 100
99 + 1 = 100
∴100 is greater and 99 is smaller
∴ Therefore
Greater or Smaller
28 Comparison of Numbers
Find Out if the Number is Greater or Smaller(One is Done for You)
Arrange in Ascending Order Descending(Two examples are given)
24, 28 28 is greater 24 is smaller27, 22 greater smaller
45, 52 smaller greater
59, 63 smaller greater
78, 88 greater smaller
82, 77 smaller greater
91, 99 greater smaller
Number From small to large From large to small 21, 31, 25, 27, 28 21, 25, 27, 28, 31 31, 28, 27, 25, 21
42, 50, 36, 43, 57 36, 42, 43, 50, 57 57, 50, 43, 42, 36
60, 65, 72, 68, 51
58, 63, 72, 49, 75
23, 38, 53, 40, 81
99, 92, 78, 84, 95
Write the missing numbers:a)21, --- , 23, 24, --- , 26b)28, ---, ---, 31, 32, ---, 34c) 65, ---, ----, 62, ---, ----, 59d)93, ---, 95, ---, ----, 98e) 40, 39, ---, 37, ---, 35, 34.
Ordinal NumbersRead and Write
Eleventh Sixteenth
Twelfth SeventeenthThirteenth Eighteenth
Fourteenth Nineteenth
Fifteenth Twentieth
Write the missing ordinal numbers in order Eleventh, -------, thirteenth, ------, fifteenth, ------, seventeenth,
fourteenth, ------, sixteenth, ------, eighteenth, -------, twentieth,
tenth, ------, twelfth, ------, fourteenth, ------, sixteenth,
fifteenth, --------, seventeenth, ----------, nineteenth, ---------.
Writing ordinal numbers in short
First 1st Sixth 6th Eleventh 11th Sixteenth 16th
Second 2nd Seventh 7th Twelfth 12th Seventeenth 17th
Third 3rd Eighth 8th Thirteenth 13th Eighteenth 18th
Fourth 4th Ninth 9th Fourteenth 14th Nineteenth 19th
Fifth 5th Tenth 10th Fifteenth 15th Twentieth 20th
30 Ordinal Numbers
The marks obtained by 20 students of Class I in mathematics are given below
Name Marks obtained PositionDavid 99 1stMadhuri 73Nabila 75Kanai 97Badal 98Putin 78Sitara 80Shahana 82Habul 76Suren 79Hanif 90Asad 92Shova 88Kanak 85Nikhil 94Tuli 93Ajoy 86Bakul 91Nita 95Rita 87
a) Write down the position of each student starting from the highest marks obtained. Use ordinal numbers to show their positions.
b) Write down the names of the students who have obtained 11th , 12th, 14th, 17th, 19th positions.
31Let us See if We Can
Let us See if We Can1. Look at the picture, count, read and write the numbers (One is done for you)
6 tens 3 63
tens
tens
tens
2. Count and write the numbers from 51 to 70.3. Count and write the numbers from 74 to 100.4. Read and write the following numbers in tens 56, 65, 68, 70, 73, 79, 82, 87, 89, 91, 99, 100.5. Fill in the blanks 5 tens and 5 6 tens and 9 7 tens and 1 7 tens and 7 8 tens 8 tens and 8 9 tens and 3 9 tens and 6 10 tens 6. Count and write in 2s from 2 to 327. Count and write in 3s from 3 to 45
32 Let us See if We Can
Let us See if We Can
8. Write the missing numbers a) 32, 34, ---, 38, 40, ---, ---,46,---,---, 52 b) 16, 20, ----, 28, ---, ----, 40, ---, 48, ----, 56 c) 20, 25, ----, ----, 40, 50, ----, ----, 659. Write in figures Twenty five, Forty, Twenty nine, Forty nine, Forty seven Fifty three, Sixty eight, Fifty nine, Seventy nine, Seventy. 10. Write in words 37, 58, 73, 69, 79, 90, 85, 87, 89, 91, 99, 100.
11. Look at the picture, count and write the number in the given box.
tens ones tens ones
2 7 5 9
a) b)
a) b)
12. Write down the place value
33Elementary Mathematics
Let Us See if We Can
13. Look at the given pairs of numbers and write down which is greater/smaller 14, 18; 28, 38; 40, 50; 56, 66; 80, 79; 87, 81; 81, 91; 99, 100.14. Put a tick ( ) mark against each even number 50, 53, 66, 68, 77, 80, 85, 91, 93, 94, 99, 100.15. Put a tick ( ) mark against each odd number 61, 52, 63, 73, 72, 79, 80, 82, 87, 92, 91, 95.16. Put a tick ( ) mark against the set of numbers which are arranged in descending order (highest to lowest) a) 45, 55, 50, 65; b) 45, 65, 55, 50; c) 65, 55, 50, 45; d) 55,45, 65, 50.17. Arrange the given numbers in ascending order (from smaller to greater) a) 20, 25, 21, 28 b) 37, 31, 34, 36, 39 c) 60, 67, 61, 69, 7018. Arrange the given numbers in descending order (from greater to smaller) a) 37, 31, 34, 36, 39 b) 85, 80, 87, 84, 82 c) 47, 70, 56, 81, 98
34Addition (Without Carrying)
Addition (Without Carrying)
61 + 5 =
71 + 7 =
88 + 0 =
79 + 0 =
38 + 41 =
45 + 44 =
60 + 19 =
89 + 10 =
25 + 4 2925 + 4 = 29
2 tens 5 + 4 2tens 9=29
44 +13
5744 + 13 = 57
4 tens 4 +1 tens 3 5 tens 7 = 57
52 +7 59
76 + 0 76
63 +25
88
80 +10
90
26 + 2
32 + 6
53 + 3
66 + 0
36 + 42
55 + 31
40 + 39
68 + 20
35 + 3 = 38 61 + 6 = 67 72 + 5 = 7742 + 23 = 65 53 + 16 = 69 74 + 24 = 98
28 + 0 2828 + 0 = 28
2 tens 8 + 0 2 tens 8 = 28
53 +30
8353 + 30 = 83
5 tens 3 + 3 tens 0 8 tens 3 = 83
35Addition (With Carrying)
Addition (With Carrying)
47 + 9 56
38 + 7 45
25 + 6
61 + 9
76 + 6
94 + 6
43 + 9
84 + 8
66 + 8 74
79 + 5 84
78 + 7 = 85 69 + 9 = 78
59 + 4 =
46 + 9 =
77 + 5 =
85 + 6 =
86 + 7 =
4 tens 7 + 9
3 tens 8 + 7
3 tens 15
4 tens 16
= 5 tens 6
= 56
= 4 tens 5 = 45
36 Elementary Mathematics
Addition (With Carrying)
46 + 34 =25 + 55 =52 + 39 =58 + 29 =49 + 49 =
26 + 48 = 7461 + 19 = 80
68 72 55+22 +19 +38
29 35 62 +28 +27 +28
49 +26 75
36 +18 54
27 +15 42
58 +37 95
3 tens 6 + 1 tens 84 tens 14
= 5 tens 4 = 54
2 tens 7 + 1 tens 53 tens 12
= 4 tens 2 = 42
37Elementary Mathematics
Problems on Addition (Two are Done for You)
1. There are 47 boys in section A and 53 girls in section B of class one. Altogether how many students are there in class one ? Number of boys in section-A 47 Number of girls is section-B + 53 Total number of students = (47 + 53) 100 = 100 Answer: 100 students 2. Runu got 3 ten-taka notes from her father and 25 taka from her mother on Eid-day. How much did she get in total? She got 3 ten taka notes from father = Tk. 30 From mother she got = Tk. 25 In total she got (30 + 25) taka = Tk. 55 Answer : Tk. 55
3. Masud bought a pair of pigeons for Tk. 35 from the market and other things for Tk. 42. How much taka did he spend in all?4. There are 30 players in Mohamedan team and 32 players in Abahani team. Altogether how many players are there in the two teams?
38 Problems on Addition
Let Us See If We Can
5. Raju bought a ball for Tk. 42 and a bat for Tk. 45. How much
money did he spend altogether?
6. There were 75 lichis and 25 mangoes in a basket. How many fruits
were there in the basket?
7. There are 45 students in section-A and 49 students in section-B of
a class. How many students are there in all?
8. In a school library there are 55 story books and 36 text books. In
total, how many books are there in the library?
9. There are 42 rose-plants and 48 beli plants in Labonee's garden.
How many plants are there in the garden?
10. Hena has 36 hens and 23 ducks. How many fowls does she have
altogether?
11. There are 27 green coconuts in one bunch and 29 green coconuts in
another. How many green coconuts are there?
12. Saju got 5 ten-taka notes from his mother and Taka 40 from his
elder sister on his birthday. How much money did he get on his
birthday?
39Elementary Mathematics
Subtraction (without Carrying)
27 -3 24
27-3 = 24
2 tens 7 - 3 2 tens 4 = 24
38 - 5 33
47 - 0 47
59 -35 24
45 - 11 34
45 -11 = 34 = 34
4 tens 5 -1 ten 13 tens 4
57 - 11 46
45 - 0 45
63 - 21 42
78 - 30 48
58 - 4
69 - 6
75 - 3
57 - 24
57 - 46
56 - 4
76 - 5 = 57 - 2 =
68 - 5
72 - 0
85 - 51
92 - 60
78 - 40
89 - 58
5 tens 9-3 tens 52 tens 4 =24
3 tens 8 - 5 3 tens 3 = 33
4 tens 7 - 0 4 tens 7 = 47
40 Subtraction
Subtraction (With Carrying)
55 - 8
76 - 8
9 0 - 3
74 - 8 =
82 - 9 =
34 - 6
40 - 5
63 - 3
45 - 7 =
64 -5 =
61 - 5 56
57 - 8 49
75 - 6 69
30 - 5 = 25
43 - 7 = 36
84 -9 = 75
53 - 9 44
5 tens 3 - 9
4 tens 13 - 9 4 tens 4 = 4453 - 9 = 44
32 - 7 25
3 tens 2 - 7
2 tens 5 - 8 1 tens 7 = 17
(2+1) tens 2 - 7
2 tens 12 - 7 2 tens 5 = 2532 7 = 25
25 - 8 17
25 - 8 = 17
41Elementary Mathematics
53 - 48
70 -54
95 -69
33 - 17
55 - 38
62 - 47
45 - 26 =
50 -25 =
84 - 57 =
54 - 28
26
61 - 39 22
72 - 35 37
85 - 67 18
41- 28 = 13 93 - 47 = 46
75 - 37 38
7 tens 2 - 3 tens 7
6 tens 15 - 3 tens 7 3 tens 8 = 3875 37 = 38
52 - 37 15
5 tens 2 -3 tens 7
4 tens 3 1 tens 9 2 tens 4 = 24
(4+1) tens 2 - 3 tens 7
4 tens 12 - 3 tens 7 1 tens 5 = 15
52 - 37 = 15
43 -19
24
43 -19 = 24
Subtraction (With Carrying)
Problems on Subtraction1. Hasan got 8 ten-taka notes on his birthday. He gave 3 ten-taka
notes to his sister. How much money did he have with him?
Hasan got 8 notes of ten-taka
Hasan gave 3 notes of ten-taka
∴ Number of notes remained with Hasan (8-3)= 5
5 notes of ten-taka = 50 taka
∴ Hasan had 50 taka
Answer: 50 taka
2. Rumi's father is 64 years old. His mother is 59 years old. How
older is Rumi's father than his mother?
Father's age 64 years
Mother's age 59 years
difference is, 64 - 59 = 5 years
∴ Father's age is 5 years more than his mother.
Answer: 5 years more.
3. Hasu went to market with Tk. 95. He spent Tk. 67. How much
money was left with him?
4. Raju has 77 postal stamps. Robi has 58 stamps. How many more
stamps does Raju have than Robi?
42 Subtraction
43Elementary Mathematics
Problems on Subtraction
5. Manu is 7 years older than Mimi. Manu is 15 years old.
How old is Mimi?
6. Mala's paternal uncle is 9 years older than Mala's maternal
uncle. Mala's paternal uncle is 38 years old. How old is Mala's
maternal uncle?
7. Jhumu's tuition fee is Tk. 55. Kumu's tuition fee is Tk. 60. How
much more does Kumu have to pay than Jhumu?
8. The total age of mother and daughter is 62 years. If the mother's
age is 45 years, what is the daughter's age?
9. The price of a lungi and vest is Tk. 92. The price of the vest is
Tk. 23. What is the price of the lungi?
10. The total age of father and son is 80 years. The age of the son is
21 years. How old is the father?
11. Ruby had 7 ten-taka notes. He gave 2 ten taka notes to Chabi.
How much money was left with Ruby?
12. Tuku has 6 ten-taka notes. Khuku has 4 ten-taka notes. How
much more money does Tuku have?
44 Addition and Subtraction
Relation of Addition and Subtraction
7 + 5 = 12
12 - 5 = 7
5 + 7 = 12
12 -7 = 5
7 12
5 12
+5
+7
-7
-5
5 + 3 = 8
8 + 9 = 17
17 - 8 = 9 17 - 9 = 8
8 - 5 = 3 8 - 3 = 5
45Let Us See If We Can
Let us see if we can
2. Find the sum :
40 + 59 = ............................ 46 + 30 = ............................
49 + 39 = ............................ 60 + 19 = ............................
52 + 29 =............................ 62 + 28 = ............................
18 + 77 = ............................ 21 + 79 = ............................
52 5
73 6
38 8
46 9
68 20
70 24
46 18
47 33
55 25
61 19
17 77
28 60
1. Add
55 45
84 32
79 72
98 54
72 34
87 62
40 31
52 27
61 49
48 29
95 16
81 14
3. Subtract
46 Let Us See If We Can
Let Us See If We Can
4. Subtract 53 � 33 = ............................ 78 � 40 = .......................... 66 � 24 = .......................... 88 � 38 =.......................... 75 � 26 =.......................... 80 � 49 = .......................... 82 � 39 = .......................... 91 � 53 = ..........................
5. Fill in the blanks
9 + = 14 30 + = 70
+ 5 = 14 63 + = 73
+ 23 = 49 + 53 = 83
6. Fill in the blanks
16 + 28 = + 34 = 52
44 � 28 = 52 � 18 =
44 � 16 = 52 � 34 =
41 + = 80 55 + = 90
80 � 39 = 90 � = 35
80 � 41 = 90 � = 55
7. What is the sum of 5 ten-taka notes and 2 ten-taka notes?
Concept of Multiplication
3 times 2 equal to 6
2 times 3 equal to 6
4 times 4 equal to 16
4 x 4 = 16 4 x 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 =16
3 x 2 = 6 3 x 2 = 3+3 = 6
2 x 3 = 6 2 x 3 = 2+2+2= 6
Multiplication Sign X
48 Elementary Mathematics
Concept of Multiplication
2 x 5 = -------
3 x 5 = -------
5 x 3 = ------- 5 x 3 = 5+5+5=------
3 x 5 = 3+3+3+3+3=------
2 x 5 = 2+2+2+2+2=------
Multiplication Table of 1
1 x 1 1
1 x 2 2
1 x 3 3
1 x 4 4
1 x 5 5
1 x 6 6
1 x 7 7
1 x 8 8
1 x 9 9
1 x 10 10
Table of Multiplication
50 Elementary Mathematics
Multiplication Table of 2
2 x 1 2
2 x 2 4
2 x 3 6
2 x 4 8
2 x 5 10
2 x 6 12
2 x 7 14
2 x 8 16
2 x 9 18
2 x 10 20
51Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication Table of 3
3 x 1 3
3 x 2 6
3 x 3 9
3 x 4 12
3 x 5 15
3 x 6 18
3 x 7 21
3 x 8 24
3 x 9 27
3 x 10 30
52 Elementary Mathematics
Multiplication Table of 4
4 x 1 4
4 x 2 8
4 x 3 12
4 x 4 16
4 x 5 20
4 x 6 24
4 x 7 28
4 x 8 32
4 x 9 36
4 x 10 40
53Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication Table of 5
5 x 1 5
5 x 2 10
5 x 3 15
5 x 4 20
5 x 5 25
5 x 6 30
5 x 7 35
5 x 8 40
5x 9 45
5 x 10 50
54 Elementary Mathematics
MultiplicationTable of 6
6 x 1 6
6 x 2 12
6 x 3 18
6 x 4 24
6 x 5 30
6 x 6 36
6 x 7 42
6 x 8 48
6 x 9 54
6 x 10 60
55Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication Table of 7
7 x 1 7
7 x 2 14
7 x 3 21
7 x 4 28
7 x 5 35
7 x 6 42
7 x 7 49
7 x 8 56
7 x 9 63
7 x 10 70
56 Elementary Mathematics
Multiplication Table of 8
8 x 1 8
8 x 2 16
8 x 3 24
8 x 4 32
8 x 5 40
8 x 6 48
8 x 7 56
8 x 8 64
8 x 9 72
8 x 10 80
57Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication Table of 9
9 x 1 9
9 x 2 18
9 x 3 27
9 x 4 36
9 x 5 45
9 x 6 54
9 x 7 63
9 x 8 72
9 x 9 81
9 x 10 90
58 Elementary Mathematics
Multiplication Table of 10
10 x 1 10
10 x 2 20
10 x 3 30
10 x 4 40
10 x 5 50
10 x 6 60
10 x 7 70
10 x 8 80
10 x 9 90
10 x 10 100
59Concept of Multiplication
Multiplication Table
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
60 Elementary Mathematics
Commutative Law of Multiplication
4 x 3 = 12
3 x 4 = 12
8 x 5 = = 40
= 4 x 9 = 36
= 6 x 7 = 42
9 x 8 = = 72
7 x 3 = 3 x 7 = 21
3 x 8 = 24
4 x 7 = 28
7 x 9 = 63
8 x 3 = 24
7 x 4 = 28
9 x 7 = 63
8 x 3 = 3 x 8
7 x 4 = 4 x 7
9 x 7 = 7 x 9
Fill in the gaps using commutative law of multiplication
8 x 6 = 6 x 8 = 48
61Concept of Multiplication
Multiply
6 x 5 30
8 x 3 24
5 x 7 35
9 x 2 18
5 x 6
4 x 7
6 x 8
7 x 7
8 x 4
9 x 3
8 x 5
9 x 6
7 x 9
9 x 9
11 x 8
22 x 4
33 x 2
23 x 2
23 x 3
44 x 2
34 x 2
43 x 2
33 x 3
24 x 2
42 x 2
32 x 3
12 x 2 = 24
11 x 3 =
15 x 1 =
12 x 4 =
11 x 6 =
13 x 2 =
12 x 3 =
13 x 3 = 39 14 x 2 = 28
62 Elementary Mathematics
Multiplication of Zero
2 x 3 = 6
1 x 3 = 3
0 x 3 = 0
0 x 1 = 0 0 x 2 =0
3 x 2 = 63 x 1 = 3 3 x 0 = 0
2 x 0 = 0
1 x 0 =
4 x 0 = 0
0 x 0 = 0
8 x 0 = 0
5 x 2 = 10 5 x 1 = 5 5 x 0 = 0
0 x 4 = 0 0 x 5 =0
0 x 7 = 0 0 x 9 =0
6 x 0 = 7 x 0 =
63Concept of Multiplication
Problems on Multiplication
1. The price of one note book is Taka 4. What is the price of 3 note books? Answer: Tk. 122. There are two wheels of a bullock cart. How many wheels are there in 5 bullock carts? Answer: 10 wheels 3. Six persons sit in a row of a minibus. How many persons can sit in 3 rows?4. There are 12 mangoes in a basket. How many mangoes are there in 5 baskets? 5. 5 persons can be seated in a car. How many persons can sit in 6 such cars?6. There are 6 benches in a class. 6 pupils can sit on a bench. How many pupils can sit in total in the class?7. The price of one pair of pigeon is Tk. 24. What is the price of 2 pairs of pigeons?8. There are 10 sweets in a packet. Rumi bought 7 packets of sweets. How many sweets did he buy?9. There are 10 cows in Panu's cow-shed. Each cow gives 4 litres of milk. How much milk do the cows give in total?10. The price of a pencil is Tk. 6. How much would 10 pencils cost?
4 x3 12
5 x2 10
4
2
6
3 3
2
4 - 2 = 2
6 2 = 3
Division Sign
Concept of Division
65Concept of Division
12
3 3
Fill in the boxes
3 3
12 - 4 =3
15 - 5 =
18 - 3 =
66 Elementary Mathematics
Divide
16 2 = How much?
2 X How much? = 16
2 X 8 = 16
16 2 = 8
2)16(8160
12 3 = How much?
3 X How much? = 12
3 X 4 = 12
12 3 = 4
3) 12 (4120
20 4 = How much? 4 X How much? = 20
4 X 5 = 20
20 4 = 5
4) 20 (5200
6)36(
9)45(
7)49(
5)30(
4)32(
5)35(
6)48(
8)40(
15 5 =
18 6 =
21 7 =
27 9 =
32 8 =
63 9 =
56 7 =
67Concept of Division
Problems on Division
1. 8 mangoes are equally divided between two persons. How many mangoes does each person get? 8 2 = 4 Answer : 4 mangoes.
2. 24 sweets are equally divided among 4 persons. How many sweets does each person get? 24 4 = 6 Answer: 6 Sweets.
3. Tk.24 is divided equally among 3 persons. How much money does each person get?
4. 35 marbles are divided equally among 7 persons. How many marbles does each person get?
5. If 5 persons can sit on a bench, how many benches will be needed for 45 persons?
6. The cost of 8 eggs is Tk. 24. What is the cost of one egg?
7. 6 eggs can be put in one basket. How many baskets will be required for 48 eggs?
8. There are 8 students in a team. How many teams can be formed with 72 students?
9. 7 students are taken in each team. In how many teams 49 students can be divided?
10. 40 Lichis are equally divided among 8 persons. How many lichis does each person get?
68 Let us see if we can
Let us see if we can
3. 5 persons can sit in a car. How many persons can sit in 7 cars?
4. The price of one book is Tk. 24. What is the cost of 4 books?
5. The price of one pair of chicken is Tk 44. What is the cost of two
pairs of chicken?
6. There are 22 mangoes in a basket. How many mangoes are there in
4 baskets?
7. 36 marbles are equally divided among 4 persons. How many
marbles does each person get?
8. The price of 6 mangoes is Tk. 54. What is the cost of 1 mango?
9. Grandmother divided Tk. 32 equally among 8 grandchildren. How
much money did each grandchild get?
10. The price of 9 bananas is Tk. 36. What is the price of one banana?
11. The price of each mango is Tk. 5. How many mangoes can be
bought for 40 taka?
12. 6 persons can sit on one bench. How many benches will be
required for 42 persons?
1. Write the product:
2 x 4 = 2 x 7 = 3 x 5 =
13 x 3 = 6 x 0 = 7 x 3 =
14 x 2 = 8 x10 = 9 x 8 =
2. Write the quotients.
12 4 = 14 7 = 20 5 =
21 3 = 32 4 = 27 9 =
30 5 = 56 8 = 40 8 =
Bangladeshi Currency and Notes
1 Paisa
Taka 1
Taka 1
Taka 5 Taka 5
Taka 2
5 Pasia 10 Paisa 25 Paisa 50 Paisa
70 Bangladeshi Currency and Notes
Bangladeshi Notes
Taka 10 Taka 10
Taka 20 Taka 20
Taka 50 Taka 50
Taka 100 Taka 100
71Bangladeshi Currency and Notes
Bangladeshi Currency and Notes
Concept of Fractions
One Stick
One Sheet of paper
One bread
One water-melon One water-melon isdivided into two equal
parts
One water-melon isdivided into four
equal parts
One bread is dividedinto two equal parts
One bread is dividedinto four equal parts
One sheet of paper isdivided into two equal
parts
One sheet of paperis divided into four
equal parts
A stick is dividedinto two equal parts
A stick is dividedinto four equal parts
73Concept of Fractions
Reading and writing Fractions
Comparison of Fraction
One of two equalparts or
Half
One of four equal parts or
one-fourth
1 2
1 4
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 4
1 4
Write in Number
Write in words
1
1 Large Small
1 2
Large 1 4
Small
One fourth = Half of half
74 Elementary Mathematics
Look at each picture and match the fraction by drawing a line
1 2
1 4
75Elementary Mathematics
Measuring Length{
Inch
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5
1 centimetre
12 cm.
cm
cm.
cm. cm.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
12
34
5
Unit of length measurement : Metre 1 metre = 100 centimetre or 100 cm.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
76 Elementary Mathematics
Measuring weight
5 gm 10 gm 20 gm 50 gm
10 gm 10 gm 5 gm
5 gm20 gm
20 gm
20 gm
50 gm
25 gm
100 gm
50 gm
50 gm 20 gm 20 gm 10 gm
50 gm
10 gm 10 gm 5 gm 5 gm
20 gm 10 gm
100 gm
Unit of weight measurement: gram (gm.)
77Elementary Mathematics
Measuring Volume of Liquid
1 litter
Half litter
Half litter
Volume of liquid Unit of measurement : litter
1 litter
78 Elementary Mathematics
Days and WeekThe seven days of a week
On which day of the week is your school remain closed?
Which day comes after Saturday?
Which days comes before and after Wednesday?
Which days comes before and after Monday?
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
MondayTuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
79Elementary Mathematics
Twelve Months of the Bangla Calendar
Baishakh
Jaisthya
Ashar
Sraban
Bhadra
Ausheen
Kartik
Augrahayon
Poush
Magh
Falgoon
Chaitra
Baishakh is the first month
of the Bangla calendar
and
Chaitra is the last.
80 Elementary Mathematics
Twelve Months of the English Calendar
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January is the first
month of English calendar
and
December is the last
81Elementary Mathematics
Relations among second, minute, hour, day, week, month and year
60 seconds make 1 minute 7 days make 1 week
60 minutes make 1 hour 30 days make 1 month
24 hours make 1 day 12 months make 1 year
Fill in the blanks
Match by drawing lines
1 month = days 60 minutes = hour7 days = week1 day = hours1 year = months1 minute = seconds 30 days = months
30 days 1 minute
1 hour 1 week
60 seconds 12 months
7 days 60 minutes
1 year 1 month
Geometrical Shapes
Round
Cubic
Cone
Cylinder
83Geometrical Shapes
Geometrical ShapesMatch each shape to the corresponding picture by drawing line.
Sphere
Cone
Cubic
Cylinder
84 Elementary Mathematics
Geometrical Shapes
Quadrangle Square Triangle Circle
Circle
Triangle
Square
Quadrangle
Match the picture to the corresponding name by drawing a line
85Let Us See If We Can
Let Us See If We Can
1. How many 10 paisa coins is equal to a 50 paisa coin?
2. (a) How many 50 paisa coins is equal to 1 taka?
(b) How many 25 paisa coins is equal to 1 taka?
(c) How many 5 paisa coins is equal to 1 taka?
3. Mimi bought a candy for 25 paisa. She gave a 1 taka note to the
shopkeeper. How much money did the shopkeeper return her?
Taka 1 100 paisa
Price of a candy 25 paisa
Return 75 paisa
Answer: 75 Paisa.
4. The price of a white envelop is 30 paisa. If you give a 1taka note
for 3 envelops, then how much money will be returned to you?
5. The price of one marble is 20 paisa. What will be the price of 4
marbles?
100
-25
75
=
86 Elementary Mathematics
Let Us See If We Can
6. The price of a pencil is Tk. 4 and a note book is Tk. 10. A person
buys one pencil and one note book. He gives a 20 taka note to the
shopkeeper. How much money does the shopkeeper return him?
7. Keya went to market with Tk. 50 and spent Tk. 39. How much
money did she have left?
8. The price of 1 banana is Tk. 2. A persons buys 15 bananas. He
gives a 50 taka note to the shopkeeper. How much money does the
shopkeeper return him?
9. Halima sold 2 green-coconuts at the rate of Tk. 8 each. She is
given a 50 taka note. How much change will she have to give?
10. Momotaz bought books worth Tk. 47. She gave one 20 taka note
and three 10 taka notes to the shopkeeper. How much money did
the shopkeeper return her?
11. How many 5 taka notes and one 20 taka note will be equal to 60
taka?
12. Write in fractions and show by drawing picture?
Half, one-fourth.
87Let Us See If We Can
Let Us See If We Can
13. Write in words :
14. a) How many 50 gm-weight are equal to a 100 gm-weight?
b) How many 20 gm-weight are equal to a 100 gm-weight?
c) How many 10 gm-weight are equal to a 100 gm-weight?
15. a) What is the name of the first month of Bangla calendar?
b) What is the name of the last month of English calendar?
c) Which month comes before March?
d) Which month comes after Sraban?
e) Which month comes before June?
f) Which month comes before Augrahayon?
16. a) Write down the names of the Bangla months starting from
Sraban to Magh.
b) Write down the names of the English months from April to
November.
17. Tell and write the names of the shapes.
18. Tell and write the names of the following:
14
12
,
19. Tushi and Lucy have Tk.93 in all. Tushi has Tk.7 more than Lucy.
How much money do each of them have?
Solution: If taka 7 is subtracted from the total amount both of them
will have equal amount.
(93 - 7) taka = 86 taka
Lucy's money = Tk. (86 2)
= Tk. 43
Tushi's money = Tk. (43 +7)
= Tk. 50
Answer: Tushi has Tk. 50, Lucy has Tk. 43.
20. The total price of three ball pens and four note books is Tk. 76.
The price of a ball pen is Tk. 4. What is the price of one note book?
21. Rita and Maya have 90 marbles altogether. Rita has 4 marbles less
than Maya. How many marbles do each of them have?
88 Elementary Mathematics
Let us see if we can (One is done for you)
2) 86 (438
660