Albert Bandura’s Biography• Born December 4, 1925• Married Virginia Varns in
1952• Two kids: Mary and Carol• Social cognitive psychologist • Professor Emeritus at
Stanford University• Regarded as one of the
greatest living psychologist¹
1974 Elected for 82nd president of APA
1980 Elected as Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1999 Received Thorndike Award
2001 Lifetime Achievement Award
2004 Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychcology1
2016 National Medal of Science2
James McKeen Cattell Award
Gold Medal Award
Albert Bandura’s Biography
Self-Efficacy
“Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage
prospective situations.”-Albert Bandura
What Exactly is Self-Efficacy?
• Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations¹
• Concerned with one’s own personal judgement
• NOT confidence or self-esteem
Four Sources of Self-Efficacy
• Mastery Experiences: performing a task successfully*
• Social Modeling: witnessing other completing a task
• Social Persuasion: persuaded to believe one has the skills*
• Judgments of Physiological States: physical states in which affect efficacy levels¹
Importance of Self-Efficacy
• Cognitive Process• Motivation Process• Affective Process• Selection Process¹
• “People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.”
-Albert Bandura
Importance of Self-Efficacy
The Study
• Bandura’s self-efficacy• Self-Efficacy in free-throw shooting
Question:Are student’s self-efficacy affected more by their actual
performance of free-throw or by verbal persuasion prior to free-throw shooting?
Hypothesis1. Both sources of self-efficacy used, verbal persuasion and mastery
experience, will increase self-efficacy in participants. 2. The raised self-efficacy will increase motivation and performance.
Rubric
Self-Efficacy (0-10) Efficacy Level
0-2 0
3-6 1
7-8 2
9-10 3
• Evaluated at initial number given, number after persuasion, and number given after the 10 free-throws were attempted.
The Process of Our Study
• Does mastery experiences work better or does verbal persuasion work better?
• How will the different groups of participants differ?
The Performance of our Participants
Student Name Year GenderYears of
Experience Initial NumberNumber After
PersuasionActual Shooting
NumberNumber Given After Actual Performance
Student 1 FR Male 1 4/10 5/10 8/10 9/10
Student 2 JR Male 2 3/10 5/10 4/10 4/10
Student 3 JR Male 6 8/10 9/10 6/10 8/10
Student 4 JR Female 4 8/10 9/10 9/10 10/10
Student 5 JR Female 13 10/10 - 8/10 10/10
Student 6 JR Female 3 6/10 - 4/10 5/10
Student 7 JR Female 0 1/10 2/10 0/10 1/10
Athlete 1 FR Male 9 7/10 8/10 3/10 4/10
Athlete 2 SOPH Male 11 7/10 - 5/10 7/10
Athlete 3 SOPH Male 15 10/10 - 9/10 10/10
Athlete 4 JR Male 16 5/10 6/10 3/10 2/10
Athlete 5 JR Male 12 6/10 7/10 3/10 7/10
W Athlete 1 FR Female 9 8/10 9/10 7/10 8/10
W Athlete 2 SOPH Female 12 8/10 9/10 5/10 8/10
W Athlete 3 SOPH Female 13 4/10 5/10 3/10 4/10
W Athlete 4 JR Female 16 8/10 9/10 6/10 8/10
W Athlete 5 JR Female 16 9/10 10/10 8/10 9/10
The Results of Our StudyStudent Name Initial Level of Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy Level After Persuasion Self-Efficacy Level After Performance
Student 1 1 1 3
Student 2 1 1 1
Student 3 2 3 2
Student 4 2 3 3
Student 5 3 - 3
Student 6 1 - 1
Student 7 0 0 0
Athlete 1 1 2 1
Athlete 2 1 - 2
Athlete 3 3 - 3
Athlete 4 1 1 0
Athlete 5 1 2 2
W Athlete 1 2 3 2
W Athlete 2 2 3 2
W Athlete 3 1 1 1
W Athlete 4 2 3 2
W Athlete 5 3 3 3
Conclusion
• Both verbal persuasion and mastery experience worked evenly in the study.
• Non-athletes differed from the athletes in their self-efficacy after their performance.
Evaluation of the Study
• Limitations:• Wider range of participants in classification • Time• Variances of baskets that participants shot on
Works Cited
• ¹What Were Albert Bandura's Contributions to the Field of Psychology? (2016, January 06). Retrieved April 04, 2016, from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_bandura.htm
• ²Albert Bandura to Receive National Medal of Science. (2016). Observer, 29(2). Retrieved April 9, 2016, from http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2016/february-16/albert-bandura-to-receive-national-medal-of-science.html