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LOGO
Djoko Marsudi
Inst.Patologi Klinik RSUD Dr.Soetomo
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Contents
Macam alat 5
Definisi 1
Sejarah 2
Prinsip 3
Cara Kerja 4
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OTOMATISASI
Terminologi Otomatisasi :
Berkerja sendiri / secara otomatis
Penggantian tenaga manusia dengan tenaga
mesin yg secara otomatis melakukan dan
mengatur pekerjaannya sendiri
Operasional Otomatisasi
Otomatisasi dalam Perlengkapan, Sistem
atau Proses dengan peralatan Mekanik dan
Elektrik yg mengambil alih kemampuan
observasi, usaha dan keputusan manusia
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Sejarah Otomatisasi
Pengembangan peralatan mekanis
Mesin derek 600 SM, mesin giling 70 SM
Kincir angin th 630, mesin uap th 1765
Temuan baru
Listrik th 1881
Sistem ban berjalan th 1924
Otomatisasi peralatan Ford Motor 1946
transistor 1948
Industrial Robot G.Devol 1954
Intergrated Circuit 1960, Microprocessor 1970,
Personal Comp Apple 1978, RAM dll.
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Pengendali otomatisasi
Pengendalian
Menghidupkan, menjalankan
Mematikan, menghentikan
Mengatur gerakan, posisi atau aliran
Pengendali modern
Sistem elektrik
IC, Microprocessor
dengan elektronik dapat dirancang sistem
otomatis yang Kompleks dan Fleksibel
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Otomatisasi Modern
Suatu tehnologi gabungan aplikasi ilmu
Mekanika
Elektronika
Sistem berbasis komputer
Melalui proses yg disusun menurut program instruksi
dan dikombinasikan dg pengendalian otomatik
catu-balik sehingga :
Produktifitas
Efisiensi
Fleksibilitas
tambah meningkat.
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Otomatisasi
Dasar :
Penggunaan Elektrik dan Mekanik untuk
menjalankan mesin
“Otak” pengendali mesin ( Computer )
Tujuan : Quality, Cost, Delevery dan Flexibility
• Pruduktifitas meningkat
• Beaya produksi menurun
• Akurasi, presisi meningkat
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Alasan perlu Otomatisasi
1. Meningkatkan Produktifitas
Hasil produksi per jam lebih tinggi dibanding
dengan secara manual.
2. Beaya SDM yang tinggi
Upah buruh yang selalu meningkat.
3. Kekurangan Tenaga kerja
Negara maju banyak mengimpor tenaga kerja.
4. Perpindahan tenaga kerja ke sektor Jasa
Ada pandangan kerja di pabrik kotor, kasar,
membosankan.
8
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5. Keselamatan Kerja
Otomatisasi merubah operator ke pengawasan
6. Ongkos bahan baku tinggi
Menuntut perusahaan lebih efisien
7. Meningkatan kwalitas
Meningkatkan presisi dan akurasi
8. Mengurangi “Manufacturing lead time”
Mempercepat produksi sehingga mengurangi
waktu Customer - Order - Delivery product
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Alasan perlu Otomatisasi
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9. Mengurangi “In process inventory”
Bahan / material tidak lama berada di perusahaan
10. Menekan beaya produksi
Secara keseluruhan akan mengurangi beaya
produksi persaingan perdagangan
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Alasan perlu Otomatisasi
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11
Speed Repeat ability
Flexibility
Judgement Learning
Acouracy
Power
Human
Machine
Perbedaan Otomatisasi vs Manual
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Otomatisasi Proses Mekanik
Proses Elektronik
Dukungan sistem
komputer
OTOMATISASI
Peralatan mesin otomatis
Sistem material handling
Mesin perakitan otomatis
Sistem kendali umpan balik
Sistem pengumpulan data
Perencanaan, pengambilan
keputusan
Sensor, aktuator, kontrol dll
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Gedung Patologi Klinik 1974
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Laboratorium Kimia Kinik 1975
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Sample 200µl
Reagent 2 200µl
Reagent 1 300µl Di aduk
Tunggu 1mnt
Stoping Sol
Proses Pemeriksan Sample :
FOTOMETER
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Mekanisasi dari proses yang berulang
dg tujuan :
Mempercepat proses dg kemajuan tehnik mekanik-elektronika
Mempercepat waktu analisa
Menghilangkan manipulasi SDM
Mengurangi kebutuhan reagensia
Mengurangi human eror
Dasar Automatisasi :
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A. Continues Flow Analyzer
Sample & reagent mengalir berurutan dlm pipa
plastik / teflon dan dipisahkan dg gelembung
udara
Macam Alat Otomatisasi
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R2
R1
S U U U U U U S R1
R2
U S U R1
U
S S U R1
U R2
U S2 U S1
PHOTOMETER
Continues Flow
Analyzer
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A. Continues Flow Analyzer
Sample & reagent mengalir berurutan dlm pipa
plastik / teflon dan dipisahkan dg gelembung
udara
B. Discrete Analyzer
Masing2 sample & reagent terpisah dlm tabung /
cuvet tersendiri
Macam Alat Otomatisasi
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20
Principles of Discrete Analyzer
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MAN/RIS/10-08 21 Discrete Analyzer
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22
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A. Continues Flow Analyzer
Sample & reagent mengalir berurutan dlm pipa
plastik / teflon dan dipisahkan dg gelembung
udara
B. Discrete Analyzer
Masing2 sample & reagent terpisah dlm tabung /
cuvet tersendiri
C. Centrifugal Analyzer
Sample & reagent bercampur oleh gaya
centrifugal
Macam Alat Otomatisasi
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24
Principles of Centrifugal Analyzer
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1. Batch Analysis
Menyelesaikan pemeriksaan per metoda
sampai selesai untuk seluruh sample
2. Random Access Analysis
Mengerjakan 1 sample pada semua
pemeriksaan dan dilanjutkan sample
berikutnya
Cara Kerja :
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1. Batch Analysis
Menyelesaikan pemeriksaan per metoda
sampai selesai untuk seluruh sample
Cara Kerja :
D C B A
Reagen Glucosa
D C B A
D C B A Reagen Cholesterol
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2. Random Access Analysis
Mengerjakan 1 sample pada semua
pemeriksaan dan dilanjutkan sample
berikutnya
Cara Kerja :
A
-Glukosa
-BUN
-Kreatinin
-As.Urat
B
-Glukosa
-GOT
-GPT
-Bili
-Alk
-Alb
C
-Kolesterol
-Trigliserida
D
-BUN
-Kreatinin
-GOT
-GPT
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2. Random Access Analysis
Cara Kerja :
D C B A
-Glukosa
-BUN
-Kreatinin
-As.Urat
Glukosa
BUN
Kreatinin
As.Urat
Glukosa
BUN
Kreatinin
As.Urat
GOT
GPT
DLL
AU
TO
-AN
ALY
ZER
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A. Open system
Bisa untuk reagent buatan manapun
B. Closed system
Reagent kusus untuk alat tertsebut
Sistem Reagensia
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Future trends
Modular instrument system
- flexible and expandable instrument system
Integrated instrument system
- clinical chemistry and immunoassay in one instrument
Laboratory robotic system
- automatic sampler, automatic sample transport system
Total clinical laboratory automation
- clinical chemistry, hematology, immunoassay,
microbiology
CLINICAL LABORATORY AUTOMATION
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Clinical Chemistr
y
Clinical Chemistr
y
Clinical Chemistr
y
Modular System
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Intergrated System
Electrolyte Clinical
Chemistry
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Integrated System
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Robotic
System Analyzer
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35
TOTAL CLINICAL LABORATORY AUTOMATION
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LOGO
Djoko Marsudi