![Page 1: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FO3-2
Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations and Performance Review
> Dennis Jarnecke Gas Technology Institute
> International Gas Union Research Conference 19 September 2014
![Page 2: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IGRC 2014 2 IGRC 2014 2
Why Polyamide (PA11 or PA12)?
> In the past 40 years, the natural gas distribution industry has transformed from a near-exclusive metallic distribution piping network to a near-exclusive thermoplastic piping distribution network
> The metal to plastic transformation has saved U.S. natural gas utilities in excess of $10 Billion in installation and maintenance costs
Potential Installed Cost SavingsAverage Cost per ft. to Install Gas Distribution Mains1
Pipe Size PE Cost/Ft ($)
PE Avg Cost/Ft
($)Stl Cost/Ft
($)
Stl Avg Cost/Ft
($)Cost
Diff/Ft ($)2" 4.00 - 9.32 6.66 12 - 35 23.5 $16.844" 8.00 - 15.56 11.78 16 - 32 24 $12.226" 10.00 - 32.00 21 33 - 75 54 $33.00
PA Pipe Savings: 1.Installed costs (including the
opportunity for alternative installation methods)
2.Reduced maintenance (corrosion) costs
![Page 3: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IGRC 2014 3 IGRC 2014 3
PA11 AND PA12
Overview
> GTI conducted a comprehensive research program to validate the feasibility of PA11 and PA12 gas piping systems ─ Lab testing and field experiments
─ Up to 6” diameters and 250 psig
> Sponsored by Operations Technology Development (OTD) and PA resin manufacturers
> Developed a full-set of installation, operation and maintenance procedures for the use of PA piping systems
> Generated a body of data supporting the use of PA11 and PA12 in high-pressure distribution systems
![Page 4: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IGRC 2014 4 IGRC 2014 4
PA11 AND PA12
ASTM Standards
> Developed the necessary standards and listings to allow the use of PA11 and PA12
─ F2785 “Standard Specification for Polyamide 12 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings”
─ F2945 “Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings”
─ F1973 “Standard Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings”
─ F2145 “Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings”
─ Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide (PA)
─ and more…
![Page 5: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IGRC 2014 5 IGRC 2014 5
PA11 AND PA12
Field Evaluations
> Over 10 years of actual in-service performance ─ Up to 250 psig (17 bars) operating pressure ─ Up to 6” pipe
> Basis for permitting the use of PA11 and PA12 by revising 49CFR Part 192 (Federal Code)
![Page 6: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IGRC 2014 6 IGRC 2014 6
PA11 AND PA12
Field Demonstrations
> Several field demonstrations were performed to evaluate the handling, installation process, in-service stress conditions, etc.
> Installations used various pipe sizes, climatic conditions, pressures, fittings, and installation practices
![Page 7: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IGRC 2014 7 IGRC 2014 7
PA11 AND PA12
Field Demonstrations
> Coiled and stick PA pipe
> Heat and electrofusion processes
> And more…
![Page 8: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IGRC 2014 8 IGRC 2014 8
PA11 AND PA12
Butt Fusions
> Developed and evaluated butt fusion procedures
> Trained and certified operators
![Page 9: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IGRC 2014 9 IGRC 2014 9
PA INSTALLATION
6” Pipe for National Fuel
> 6” SDR 11 pipe approximately 800’ in length operating at 250 psig (17 bars)
> Connected using qualified PA12 joining procedures and 6” PA12 EF Couplings
> Pressure test to 375 psig (26 bars)
> Installation completed in 2006
Wet and Cold Environments plus tight bend radius – 250 psig
![Page 10: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IGRC 2014 10 IGRC 2014 10
PA INSTALLATION
4” Pipe for WE Energies
> Wisconsin installation
> Cold environment – 250 psig (17 bars)
> All butt fused joining
![Page 11: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IGRC 2014 11 IGRC 2014 11
PA INSTALLATION
4” Pipe for MichCon (DTE Energy)
> Cold environment – 330 psig (22 bars)
> Combination of electrofusion and butt fusion joining
> Pressure test at 450 psig (30 bars)
![Page 12: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IGRC 2014 12 IGRC 2014 12
PA INSTALLATION
Georg Fischer Central Plastics
Hyperplast Piping System (PA11 resin)
![Page 13: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IGRC 2014 13 IGRC 2014 13
PA INSTALLATION
Atmos Energy Steel Replacement
ATMOS Installation History of PA11 Pipe
Location Length Size Installation(Feet of Pipe) Year
Project 1 Frost, TX 6,000 4" 2010Project 2 Coolidge, TX 55,440 4" 2010Project 3 Grossbeck, TX 7280 4" 2010Project 4 Hubbard, TX 16040 4" 2011Project 5 Frost, TX addition 7600 4" 2011Project 6 Waco, TX I-35 Bore 600 4" 2011Project 7 Grossbeck, TX add-on 14,000 4" 2011Project 8 Priscilla TX and Hubbard 24,000 4" 2012Project 9 Ferris TX 23,360 4" 2012
Project 10 Various (service tubing, risers, transitions) 2,000 1" various
Total Footage to Date 156,320Miles of Pipe 29.61Meters 47,652
![Page 14: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IGRC 2014 14 IGRC 2014 14
PA INSTALLATION
4” PA11 Pipe for Atmos Energy
![Page 15: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IGRC 2014 15 IGRC 2014 15
PA INSTALLATION
4” Pipe for PA12 Energy West
> 4” SDR 13.5 pipe approximately 3 miles in length operating at 160 psig (11 bars)
> Connected using qualified PA12 joining procedures
> Pressure test to 342 psig (24 bars)
> Installation completed July/Aug 2009
![Page 16: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IGRC 2014 16 IGRC 2014 16
PA INSTALLATION
4” Pipe for PA12 Energy West
![Page 17: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
IGRC 2014 17 IGRC 2014 17
PA INSTALLATION
4” Pipe for PA12 Energy West
![Page 18: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IGRC 2014 18 IGRC 2014 18
PA INSTALLATION
1” PA12 Services for Energy West
> Electrofusion fittings and PA tubing used to provide gas service to homes along the route
─ 1” PA tubing
─ Electrofusion fittings
> Service tees, EFVs, and anodeless risers
![Page 19: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IGRC 2014 19 IGRC 2014 19
PA INSTALLATION
6” Pipe for PA12 Atmos Energy
> Mississippi installation > 6” SDR 13.5 pipe
approximately 1500’ in length operating at 160 psig (11 bars)
> Connected using qualified PA12 joining procedures
> Pressure test to 300 psig (21 bars)
> Installation completed August 2009
![Page 20: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IGRC 2014 20 IGRC 2014 20
PA INSTALLATION
6” Pipe for PA12 Atmos Energy
![Page 21: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IGRC 2014 21 IGRC 2014 21
PA INSTALLATION
2014 PA12 Project (In Progress)
> Install 4” SDR 11 industrial line from cogeneration plant to chemical plant
Location Date Dimension Pressure
DTE Walbridge, Marietta OH, USA
Aug 2014
4“ SDR 11
200 psig (14 bars)
![Page 22: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IGRC 2014 22 IGRC 2014 22
PA Piping System Advantages
> Operating Considerations ─ Can operate up to 250 psig (17 bars) ─ Coil and stick pipe available ─ Diameters up to 6” ─ Uses same equipment that you
already use for PE
> Benefits ─ Lower installation costs compared
to steel piping systems ─ Eliminates maintenance costs due
to corrosion protection ─ Similar benefits of using PE pipe but
can now be extended for applications up to 250 psig
![Page 23: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IGRC 2014 23 IGRC 2014 23
PA Piping System Advantages
Available Piping Systems: > Various fittings currently exist
including: ─ Inline fittings ─ Couplings ─ Tees ─ Risers and transitions ─ Excess flow valves ─ And more…
> Multiple resin, pipe, and fitting suppliers
![Page 24: Polyamide (PA11 and PA12) Use in High Pressure Natural Gas ...members.igu.org/old/IGU Events/igrc/igrc-2014... · Use in High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Systems: Installations](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022053008/5f0b8a787e708231d43105d2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
IGRC 2014 24 IGRC 2014 24
Connect With Us
Gas Technology Institute 1700 S Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, IL 60018, USA www.gastechnology.org
Contact: Dennis Jarnecke Gas Technology Institute
847-768-0943 [email protected]
@gastechnology