Download - Politics in 1800's
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Politics shaping the American Identity
By Desiree Klemenz
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The Federalist Party
Beliefs/wants:• Gov. ruled by the “best people”• Powerful central gov.• Loose interpretation of Constitution• Gov. helping businesses• Tariff• National debt not states debts• Powerful central bank• Restricted free speech & press• Strong navy
Important Federalists• George Washington• Alexander Hamilton• John Jay• John Adams
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George Washington
• Contributions as Pres.:• kept America out of war (Jay’s treaty &
neutrality Proc.)• Expanded the nation West• Created first political cabinet• Created Judiciary Act of 1789 • J.A. created: supreme court, federal district,
circuit court & office of attorney general • Two term presidency
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John Jay
• Agreements of his treaty:• British leaves U.S. SOIL• British pay damages for captured American
ships• American’s pay British pre-Rev. War debts• Signed convention of 1800 with France• (treaty with France, they pay claims from
American Shippers)
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Alexander Hamilton
• Made Gov. assume all state’s debts ( new state debt= 21.5 million)+ pay back all bonds( in full, with interest)
• Gave fed District of Potomac to Virginia (for a vote)• Created:• Bank of U.S. ( keep money circulating, print money in time of
need) • Tariff (tax on imports)• Excise tax (tax on few U.S goods)this created whiskey
rebellion
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John Adams• Contributions:• Kept up Washington’s peace mission• Created: the Navy, Marine corps, & 3 ship navy
grew• Sedition act= limited freedom of press+ speech• Alien act= harder to become citizen• Passed judiciary act of 1801 this let him appointMany fed. judges before he left office
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Overall changes to American Identity• Less diversity• More fighting/more soldiers (Jay’s treaty +
neutrality Proc. Angered the French)• Results of Hamilton’s actions:• Strong gov. with huge debt. • New taxes + tariff (becoming more like Britain)• More people in jail for opinion’s or can’t pay taxes• Rich get richer • former slaves forced back into slavery• money prints stop
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Republicansaka Democratic- Republicans
Beliefs/wants• Gov. ruled by many informed citizens• Weak gov. better state rights• Strict interpretation of constitution• Farming based economy• Very small navy• No national debt
Fathers of Republicanism • Thomas Jefferson• James Madison
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Thomas Jefferson
• Created party in 1790• Wrote Dec. of ind.• Hamilton’s rival • Believed fed. were crossing constitution • Convinced stated to reclaim rights• “ I hold it that little rebellion now and then is a
good thing…. The tree of Liberty must be refreshed from time to time with blood of patriots and tyrants( zinn,pg95)
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Thomas Jefferson as Pres.• Let victims of sedition act out of jail• Naturalization law of 1802= live in U.S. for 5 years to
become citizen, instead of 14• Got rid of excise tax , cost gov. a million$ a year in revenue• Federalism declared defiance of people’s wishes• New congress elected • Judiciary Act of 1789 declared unconstitutional • Embargo Act= stopped all foreign trade (replaced in1809)• Non-Intercourse Act= can trade with anyone except
France + Britain• Louisiana purchase = more land
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Louisiana Purchase
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James Madison
• Wrote bill of rights: gave fed. More supporters• Helped Jefferson create party and bring back
states rights• Involved in famous court case• Brought back embargo against Britain when
he was pres. , caused war of 1812 • During pres. He also took west Florida from Spain
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Marbury vs. Madison• Adams appointed many judges at last min• Jefferson told Madison not to deliver their
commission• Madison didn’t and William Marbury sued• Court ruling: • Judiciary Act of 1789 declared unconstitutional • it gave supreme court a power that it was deniedin the constitution(the act of giving commission before you can be a judge) • It’s funny how the act was declared illegal yet
everything that was set up under it is not.
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Overall changes to American Identity• More diversity in citizens• Less people in jail• Less rebellion and taxes• National debt increasing• Alliance's dissolved• Little money coming in (non at one point-
more people are poor and more classes are seeing some hardship)
• Adams stunt created Judicial review• Two party system gave them their democracy
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Sources
• The American Pageant by D. Kennedy, L. Cohen, T. Bailey
• People’s History of the United States by Howard Zinn
• Southern Planter Handout• Marbury vs. Madison (law class handout- case
study) • http://www.virginia.edu/pjm/biography1.htm