Download - PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland
![Page 1: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exhaust PM and NOx Emissions from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks
at the Port of Oakland
Timothy Dallmann and Robert Harley University of California, Berkeley
Thomas Kirchstetter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
![Page 2: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acknowledgments
Phil Martien, Virginia Lau & other District staff (Bay Area AQMD)
Drew Gentner (UC Berkeley)
Brad Edgar (Cleaire)
Research funding: Bay Area AQMD
![Page 3: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction Communities near ports and rail yards
have disproportionate diesel exhaust impact (trucks, locomotives, ships)
Port of Oakland
West Oakland
UP and BNSF Rail Yards
SF-Oakland Bay Bridge
![Page 4: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Port of Oakland Truck Age Age of trucks entering/exiting terminal gates
1817 unique license plates matched to DMV records ~100% HD diesel trucks. Survey date: Oct/Nov 2008
50% of trucks 1997 or older
![Page 5: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ARB Port Truck Rule
![Page 6: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Port of Oakland Truck Program
$25M grant funding provided by ARB, BAAQMD, Port of Oakland, and EPA » 1300 trucks retrofit with diesel particle
filters (DPF) – 4 different filter designs » 200 new truck replacements » truck owners paid some of the costs
In this study, Port truck emissions were measured in Nov 2009 and Jun 2010 » most retrofits happened during this period
![Page 7: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
UP Rail Yard
TO I-‐880 S
TO/FROM Port
SAMPLING LOCATION
![Page 8: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mobile Lab Measurements
Species Instrument Method
CO2 Li-Cor 820 Non-dispersive infrared absorption
NOx Eco Physics CLD 64 Chemiluminescence
BC Aethalometer Light attenuation (filter)
PM2.5 TSI DustTrak Light scattering
All measurements had 1-second time resolution
![Page 9: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sample Truck Plumes Truck with low BC/PM emissions A typical “average” truck
![Page 10: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Black Carbon Emission Factors
![Page 11: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PM2.5 Emission Factors
![Page 12: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NOx Emission Factors
![Page 13: PM and NOx at the Port of Oakland](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042822/568bd6e91a28ab20349dcdc0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Discussion/Summary Emission factor reductions
» ~50% for exhaust PM/black carbon » ~40% for NOx (surprising given DPF focus)
» Port truck clean-up occurred rapidly – Similar reductions for HD trucks @ Caldecott
tunnel took 9 years (1997-2006) to achieve!
Further measurements planned in 2011 » NO/NO2 split, particle # and size distribution » durability of retrofits?