![Page 1: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Form & FunctionPlant Anatomy
AP BiologyBloomington High School
![Page 2: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Ground tissues• Parenchyma
– Thin walls– Storage– Photosynthesis– Secretion
![Page 3: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Ground tissues• Collenchyma
– Thick, flexible walls
– Support
![Page 4: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Ground tissues• Sclerenchyma
– Thick walls– Support
![Page 5: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Dermal Tissue• Epidermis
– Cover surface of plant– Guard cells-
![Page 6: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Vascular Tissue• Xylem
– Transports water & minerals
– Tracheids– Vessel elements
![Page 7: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plant Tissues
• Vascular Tissue• Phloem
– Transports food– Sieve-tube members– Companion cells
![Page 8: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Primary vs. Secondary Growth
• Primary Growth• Growth in length• Apical meristems• Tips of roots & shoots
![Page 9: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Primary vs. Secondary Growth
• Secondary Growth• Growth in width• Lateral meristems• Vascular cambium• Cork cambium
![Page 10: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Root Tip
• Root cap• Protects apical
meristem
![Page 11: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Root Tip
• Zone of cell division• Cells divide• Apical meristem
![Page 12: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Root Tip
• Zone of elongation• Cells absorb water &
elongate
![Page 13: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Root Tip
• Zone of maturation• Cells mature• Perform specific
functions• Cells differentiate• Root hairs
![Page 14: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Epidermis• Outer layer
of cells• Provides
protection
![Page 15: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Cortex• Ground
tissue• May contain
chloroplasts
![Page 16: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Pith• Storage• Provides
support through turgor pressure
![Page 17: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Vascular Bundle
• Xylem & phloem
• Occur in rings
![Page 18: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Vascular Bundle• Bundle cap• Cells
– Dead– Fibrous– Thick walled
• Sclerenchyma cells
• Provide support
![Page 19: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Vascular Bundle• Phloem• Transports food• Sieve-tube members
– Long– Living cells
• Companion cells– Small– Parenchyma cells
![Page 20: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Vascular Bundle• Xylem• Transports water• Tracheids
– Dead– Thick walled
• Vessel elements– Large diameter– Dead
![Page 21: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Herbaceous Dicot Stem
• Vascular Bundle• Vascular cambium• Between xylem &
phloem• Cells divide to form
xylem & phloem
![Page 22: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Pith
![Page 23: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Xylem• Wood
![Page 24: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Xylem• Wood• Summer wood
– Small cells– Less water
• Spring wood– Large cells– More water
![Page 25: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Xylem• Annual rings• 1st year’s growth• 2nd year’s growth• 3rd year’s growth
![Page 26: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Bark• Phloem• Cortex
![Page 27: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Woody Stem
• Vascular cambium
• Between xylem & phloem
• Produces newxylem & phloem cells
• Secondary growth
![Page 28: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Epidermis• Absorbs water• Root hairs
increase surface area for water absorption
• In older roots provides protection
![Page 29: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Cortex• Bulk of root• Stores starch
![Page 30: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Vascular cylinder• Stele• Xylem & phloem• Outlined by
endodermis
![Page 31: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Vascular cylinder• Xylem• Large cells• Dead• Transport water
& minerals
![Page 32: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Vascular cylinder• Phloem• Small cells• Transport food
![Page 33: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dicot Root Cross Section
• Vascular cylinder
• Endodermis• Casparian strip
– Waxy– Forms barrier
• All water must pass through endodermis before entering stele
![Page 34: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Leaf
• Upper epidermis• Provides
protection• Cuticle
– Waxy– Decreases
water loss
![Page 35: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Leaf
• Lower epidermis• Contains stomata
– Holes
– Allow CO2 in &O2 & H2O out
– Surrounded byguard cells
![Page 36: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Leaf
• Palisade mesophyll• Parenchyma
cells• Tightly packed• Photosynthesis
![Page 37: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Leaf
• Spongy mesophyll• Parenchyma
cells• Loosely
arranged• Photosynthesis• Air spaces
![Page 38: Plant Form & Function Plant Anatomy AP Biology Bloomington High School](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e925503460f94b982b9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Leaf
• Vascular bundle• Veins• Xylem (red) &
phloem (green)• Bundle sheath
cells surround bundles