Download - Plant And Animal Taxonomy
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Plant and Animal Taxonomy Bio 19 by: Ms. GEonyzl J. Lepiten
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Objectives :Objectives :
•To define TAXONOMY
•To trace the history of taxonomy.
•To know the people who pioneered taxonomy
•To discuss the nature of taxonomy
•Importance of taxonomy.
•Relevance of taxonomy to you.
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What is taxonomy to you?What is taxonomy to you?
TAXONOMY…………TAXONOMY…………
* is a practice and science of * is a practice and science of classificationclassification..
* from two * from two GreekGreek words: words:
- “taxis””,, 'order' + 'order' + νόμοςνόμος, ,
-“nomos””,, 'law' or 'science'. 'law' or 'science'.
* * taxonomic unitstaxonomic units known as: known as:
- taxa (singular (singular taxontaxon), ),
* a part of systematics* a part of systematics
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- It is a science that classify organisms into groups
and its natural relationships
Three main Schools of Taxonomy:
1.Phenetic taxonomy – classify organisms based on overall form and structure or genetic similarity
- also called NUMERICAL TAXONOMY
2.Cladistics taxonomy - classify organisms based on branching points.
- not based on origin but on the shared characteristics
- also called PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY
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3. Evolutionary taxonomy – classify organisms based on combination and divergence
- also called TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY
HISTORY………. Long long time ago……
-GREEKS and ROMANS - practiced naming and classification of organisms based to its use and they feared most.
Most of the naming were done
by the Herbalist
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Theophratus (370 – 285 B.C.)
* Greek student of Plato
* established a first documentation
local flora.
* discussed more than 500 species and varieties of plants from lands bordering the Atlantic and Mediterranean
Published works on systematics:
1. Inquiry into Plants – translated by
Theodorus Gaza
2. The Causes of Plants
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Some generic name made by Theophratus.........
Daucus - carrots
Asparagus
Narcissus -
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Dioscorides (1st century A.D.)
- Roman military surgeon
- writing a five volume book
De Materia Medica
* most influential herbal books
-Added 100 species of flora
from Mediterranean
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Represented modern Families identified by Dioscorides:
Fabaceae Lamiaceae
Apiaceae
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Albertus Magnus
(1200 – 1280 A.D.)
- known as:
Saint Albert the Great
and Albert of Cologne, was a
Dominican friar
-Produced a first recognized
classification of plants into:
a. MONOCOT
b. DICOT
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THE
HERBALIST
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John Gerard
(1542 – 1612)
-English
-Published the book titled,
“Herball, or Generall Historie of Plants” (1597)
-Added 182 new plants
-Revised the arrangement and appended his observations
-But it was corrected by Thomas Johnson
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Leonhart Fuchs
(1501 – 1566)
- Provide a clear
illustrations of the plant
specimens
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Rembert Dodoens (1517-1585)
he include the medical importance of the plants and its localities.
“Aloe groweth very plenteously in India, and from thence commeth the best iuyce ... It is to be seene
also in this Countrie in the gardens of some Herboristes. ... it is a soueraigne medicine for
vlcers about the secrete partes, and fundement. The same boyled with wine and hony, healeth the outgrowinges & riftes of the fundament, & stoppeth
the abounding fluxe of the Hemorrhoides.” Source: Dodoens / Lyte (1578)
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Artificial Classification
Carolous Linnaeus
(Carl von Linne)
(1707-1778)
-Develop a ‘sexual system’ that divided the plants into 24 classes
- develop the Linnean System of naming or Binomial nomenclature
- Published 23 volumes of the book “Species Plantarum”
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Natural Classifications
-1883 the “Genera Plantarum” was completed, the fruit of a 21-year collaboration with Sir Joseph Hooker.
- This monumental work outlined what became known as the Bentham-Hooker classification system for flowering plant
George Bentham
(1800 -1884)
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Phylogenetic Classifications
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