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Physical and Chemical Physical and Chemical PropertiesProperties
Section 3.1Section 3.1
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• A physical property is a characteristic that you can observe without changing or trying to change the composition of the substance.
• How something looks, smells, sounds, or tastes are all examples of physical properties.
Physical Properties
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• You can detect many physical properties with your senses.
• For example, you can see the color and shape of an object.
Using Your Senses
• You can also touch it to feel its texture.
• You can smell the odor or taste the flavor of some matter.
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• To describe a sample of matter, you need to identify its state. This property, known as the state of matter, is another physical property that you can observe.
State
Click image to view movie.
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• Perhaps you are most familiar with the three states of water.
State
• You can drink or swim in liquid water.
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State• You use the solid state of water, which is
ice, when you put ice cubes in a drink.
• Although you can’t see it, water in the gas state is all around you in the air.
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• Some physical propertied depend on the size of the object, like volume.
Size-Dependent Properties
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• Another physical property that depends on size is mass, which is a measurement of how much matter it contains.
Size-Dependent Properties
• Weight is a measurement of force.
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Size-Dependent Properties
• If you were to travel to other planets, your weight would change but your size and mass would not.
• Weight depends on the mass of the object and on gravity.
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• Another physical property, density, does not depend on the size of an object.
Size-Independent Properties
• Density measures the amount of mass in a given volume.
• To calculate the density of an object, divide its mass by its volume.
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• Another property, solubility, also does not depend on size.
Size-Independent Properties
• Solubility is the number of grams of one substance that will dissolve in 100 g of another substance at a given temperature.
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• The temperature at which a solid changed into a liquid is called its melting point.
Melting and Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas is called its boiling point.
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• Some materials pull iron toward them.
Magnetic Properties
• These materials are said to be magnetic.
• Lodestone is a rock that is naturally magnetic.
• Some materials can be made into magnets.
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• Some properties of matter cannot be identified just by looking at a sample.
Chemical Properties
• For example, the ability to burn is a chemical property.
• A chemical property is a characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance.
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Question 1
An example of a size-independent property is _______.
A. densityB. massC. volumeD. wattage
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Question 2
A tennis ball and a billiard ball may be the same size, but they will definitely NOT have the same _______.
A. densityB. parityC. viscosityD. width
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Question 3
Density is equivalent to mass divided by _______?
A. weightB. timeC. heightD. volume
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What is the name of a naturally magnetic rock?
Answer
Lodestone
Question 4
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The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is
A. Boiling Point
B. Melting Point
C. Freezing Point
D. Hot Point
Question 5
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A _______________ is a characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance.
A. Chemical Property
B. Physical Property
Question 6
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List some physical properties that can be detected using your senses.
colorshapeodor texturestate of matter
Question 7
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Question 8
What are the three most common states of matter?
SolidLiquidGas