Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 11
PHYS 100: Lecture 1
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 22
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 33
Q: What are the benefits of participating ?Q: What are the benefits of participating ?A: You learn moreA: You learn more
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 44
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 55
Music
Who is the Artist?Who is the Artist?
A)A) Eric ClaptonEric ClaptonB)B) Bill Bill FrisellFrisellC)C) Jimmy PageJimmy PageD)D) Jeff BeckJeff BeckE)E) Buddy GuyBuddy Guy
Why?Why?
A great way to start the semester!A great way to start the semester!
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Somewhere over the RainbowSomewhere over the RainbowPeople Get ReadyPeople Get ReadyAmazingAmazing……..
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 66
Main Points• We use the Displacement vector to define the location of an object at a given time.
• The subsequent motion of the object is defined in terms of its Velocity and Acceleration.
dva
dt=
rrdx
vdt
=r
r
• Given the Displacement vector as a function of time, we can differentiate once to get the Velocity and twice to get the Acceleration.
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 77
Embedded Questions: DisplacementEmbedded Questions: Displacement
(A)x1
x2
x1x2
(B)
x1
x2(C)
x1x2
(D)
The vector shown represents the change in displacement for an object between time t1 and t2.
Which of the possible pairs of displacement vectors (x(t1)= x1 and x(t2) = x2) could produce the above change in displacement vector?
∆x
121221 )()(),( xxtxtxttx rrrrr −=−=∆
-x1
∆x
-x1 ∆x
x2A)
x2B)
BB
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 88
Embedded Questions: DisplacementEmbedded Questions: Displacement
(A)x1
x2
x1x2
(B)
x1
x2(C)
x1x2
(D)
One more chance, if needed:
?
The vector shown represents the change in displacement for an object between time t1 and t2.
Which of the possible pairs of displacement vectors (x(t1)= x1 and x(t2) = x2) could produce the above change in displacement vector?
∆x
-x1∆x
x2D)
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 99
Preflight 1Preflight 1
Instantaneous velocity (1) < Average velocity (0 Ø2) (A)
Instantaneous velocity (1) = Average velocity (0 Ø2) (B)
Instantaneous velocity (1) > Average velocity (0 Ø2) (C)
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A B C
You said:
• The slope of the average velocity from t=0 to t=2 is much larger than the slope of the instantaneous velocity at t=1. Therefore, the instantaneous velocity at t=1 is less than the average velocity from t=0 to t=2.
• When t = 1, the slope, which would give us the velocity, of the displacement graph is very close to the average velocity because the slope seems greater than it is at t = 1 before t=1 and greater after, so it seems reasonable to see the t=1 as the point that has the same instantaneous velocity as the average velocity of the graph
• When you use the average velocity formula u can see that you need to divide the change of x by two which would be less than the instantaneous velocity at t=1.
BB
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1010
Preflight 1Preflight 1
Instantaneous velocity (1) < Average velocity (0 Ø2) (A)
Instantaneous velocity (1) = Average velocity (0 Ø2) (B)
Instantaneous velocity (1) > Average velocity (0 Ø2) (C)
Instantaneous Velocitydefined at any single point
Average Velocitydefined between two points
)()( tdtxd
tvr
r =
Geometric: slope of x vs t curve
12
12
21
2121 ),(
),(),(
ttxx
tttttx
ttvavg −−=
∆∆=
rrrr
∆x∆t
Geometric: slope of line drawn between
the two endpoints
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1111
Preflight 3Preflight 3TRUE (A)
FALSE(B)An object experiences a positive acceleration, thus its speed must always increase.
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A B
You said:
• Acceleration is the derivative of velocity (speed). Knowing that the speed is increasing, the velocity is positive causing the derivative to be positive as well.
• If the acceleration is positive, but the velocity is negative, the object could have a positive acceleration and be slowing down.
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1212
Preflight 3Preflight 3TRUE (A)
FALSE(B)An object experiences a positive acceleration, thus its speed must always increase.
Is this statement true?
• A positive acceleration means a positive change in velocity.
This statent is TRUE!BUT speed ∫ velocity
speed = magnitude (velocity)
dtvd
ar
r =
v
t0
t1 t2
v1
v2
• acceleration positive• velocity is increasing ( v2 > v1 )• speed is decreasing ( |v2| < |v1|)
Example
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1313
• When is particle speeding up? speedup
speedup
• When is acceleration negative?
a < 0 a < 0
FollowFollow--UpUp
(A)
At what times is the acceleration negative, but the particle is speeding up?
only 10 << t only 21 << t(B)
20 << t(C) 32 << t(D) 43 << t(E)
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1414
Preflight 5Preflight 5
Which graph shows an object in 1-D motion moves in the positive direction and is slowing down?
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A B C D E
You said:
• the object is slowing down, thus the slope of the tangent to the velocity curve must approach zero.In addition, it is moving in the positive direction, so it can only be a)
• The x values (in graph b) are positive so its moving in the positive direction and the x values are decreasing overtime so its slowing down.
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1515
Preflight 5Preflight 5An object in 1-D motion moves in the positive direction and is slowing down.
• D and E can be eliminated• straight line fl constant velocity
X XFor graph C:(A) positive direction & speeding up(B) positive direction & slowing down(C) negative direction & speeding up(D) negative direction & slowing down
For graph B:(A) positive direction & speeding up(B) positive direction & slowing down(C) negative direction & speeding up(D) negative direction & slowing down
Slope is positivev points in positive directionx increases in time
“moves in + direction”
Magnitude of slope increases “speeds up”
Slope is negative “moves in negative direction”
Magnitude of slope increases “speeds up”
XX
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1616
Preflight 7Preflight 7
Acceleration of particle is negative and it is speeding up (A)
Acceleration of particle is positive and it is speeding up (B)
Acceleration of particle is negative and it is slowing down (C)
Acceleration of particle is positive and it is slowing down (D)
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A B C D
You said:
• The velocity magnitude is negative so its always negative however the velocity is increasing overtime so its speeding up.
•The object is speeding up therefore it must have a positive acceleration.
•Even though the velocity is negative, it is becoming less negative over time which means the acceleration is positive. It is always slowing down because the velocity does not change as rapidly in the end as it does in the beginning.
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1717
Preflight 7 ModificationPreflight 7 Modification
Acceleration of particle is negative and it is speeding up (A)
Acceleration of particle is positive and it is speeding up (B)
Acceleration of particle is negative and it is slowing down (C)
Acceleration of particle is positive and it is slowing down (D)
Consider these possible student explanations
• Because the slope of this velocity is always positive, the object is always experiencing positive acceleration. However, because the slope is gradually getting less and less steep, this also implies that the object is slowing down as well.
• The slope is positive at all points t, so the accelartion of the particle is always positive. The magnitude decreases, so the particle slows down.
Suppose we change the plot by moving the t-axis downWILL THE ANSWER CHANGE?
t
Acceleration decreasing? YES
Slowing down? NOTNECESSARILY
BB
Slowing down or speeding up is determined by the change in the MAGNITUDE of the velocity
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1818
Rope Around the WorldRope Around the WorldThe Earth has an equitorial radius of 3963 miles. There are 5280 feet in one mile. Imagine a rope wraped around the equator of a perfectly smooth Earth. Suppose we now add 15 feet to the rope and shape this longer rope into a smoooth circle with its center at the center of the Earth.
How far will the rope now stand away from the surface of the Earth? For now just use your intuition.. Don’t calculate anything, we will do that next.
< 1mm (A) (B) ¼ inch 15 ft (E)2 ft (D)2 inches (C)
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 1919
Rope Around the WorldRope Around the WorldThe Earth has an equitorial radius of 3963 miles. There are 5280 feet in one mile. Imagine a rope wraped around the equator of a perfectly smooth Earth. Suppose we now add 15 feet to the rope and shape this longer rope into a smoooth circle with its center at the center of the Earth.
How do we start this calculation? Which of the following options would you do first?
Use your calculator to convert radius of Earth to feet. (A)
(B) Use your calculator to determine the initial length of rope in miles
Write down a mathematical expression that relates the radius of the Earth to the original length of rope
(D)
Use your calculator to convert 15 feet into miles (C)
WHY?Always THINK first
Numbers can be substituted in at the end (IF NEEDED)
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 2020
Rope Around the WorldRope Around the WorldThe Earth has an equatorial radius of 3963 miles. There are 5280 feet in one mile. Imagine a rope wraped around the equator of a perfectly smooth Earth. Suppose we now add 15 feet to the rope and shape this longer rope into a smoooth circle with its center at the center of the Earth.
Which of the following equations relates RE, the radius of the Earth, to L, the initial length of rope?
L is circumference of circle of radius RE:
(A) none of these(D)2L
RE = (B)πL
RE = (C)π2L
RE =
ERL π2=
RE
L
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Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 2121
Rope Around the WorldRope Around the WorldThe Earth has an equitorial radius of 3963 miles. There are 5280 feet in one mile. Imagine a rope wraped around the equator of a perfectly smooth Earth. Suppose we now add 15 feet to the rope and shape this longer rope into a smoooth circle with its center at the center of the Earth.
RE
L
Which of the following equations relates ∆L (the extra 15 feet) to ∆R (the amount the new rope stands above the surface of the Earth)?
(A) none of these(D)LLR
R E ∆=∆ (B) (C)LRL
RE
∆=∆π2L
R∆=∆
RE
L+∆L
R
∆R = R - RE
LLRRE ∆+=∆+ )(2π
LR ∆=∆π2
ftftL
R 4.22
152
==∆=∆ππ
Look Ma, No Calculator !!
π2L
RE =BB
Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide Physics 100 Lecture 1, Slide 2222
Rope Around the WorldRope Around the World
< 1mm (A)
The Earth has an equitorial radius of 3963 miles. There are 5280 feet in one mile. Imagine a rope wraped around the equator of a perfectly smooth Earth. Suppose we now add 15 feet to the rope and shape this longer rope into a smoooth circle with its center at the center of the Earth.
How far will the rope now stand away from the surface of the Earth?
(B) ¼ inch 15 ft (E)2 ft (D)2 inches (C)
NOTE: Example of relevance of calculus:
RL π2=π21=
dLdR
LR ∆=∆π21
ftft
4.22
15 ==π